Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures: A Case Report

Psychogenic non-epileptiform seizures (PNES) are a common condition that affects over 400,000 individuals within the United States. PNES are a challenging entity in modern medicine, for they are located at the interface between neurology and psychiatry regarding clinical presentation and pathophysiology. The experiences and symptomatology of the patients resemble those associated with epileptic seizure activity, however many patients present with co-occurring psychiatric comorbidity. A combination of video-electroencephalography and a concise, welldocumented clinical history of the event helps in a definitive clinical diagnosis of PNES. Measuring the levels of serum prolactin may prove useful as an adjunctive laboratory test in diagnosing PNES. Management of PNES involves prompt patient education regarding the condition and treating the psychiatric comorbidity as well. A combined approach of both psychotherapeutic and pharmacological interventions helps in the optimal treatment of PNES.

A Brief History of Arguments in Resting state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research

All scientific research needs to go through years of arguments and debates to polish itself, including research of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in human brain. fMRI is one of the state-of-the-art noninvasive techniques to investigate brain functions of human and animals. Since it is difficult and hardly practical to record vivo neural activity from human brain, fMRI provides an substitute measurement of neural activity which is based on the haemodynamic response in blood flow during the neural activity, also known as bloodoxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal.

A Brief History of Arguments in Resting state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research

All scientific research needs to go through years of arguments and debates to polish itself, including research of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in human brain. fMRI is one of the state-of-the-art non- invasive techniques to investigate brain functions of human and animals. Since it is difficult and hardly practical to record vivo neural activity from human brain, fMRI provides an substitute measurement of neural activity which is based on the haemodynamic response in blood flow during the neural activity, also known as blood- oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal.

Factors Driving an Egyptian Adolescent Girl to Drug Addiction: A Case Study

Use of illicit drugs among women is rising worldwide. The problem usually stems during adolescence. Substance prevention and treatment programs targeting adolescent girls are essential. Little is known about the factors that drive Egyptian adolescent girls to use illicit drugs as well as what stimulates them to seek treatment. This case report describes qualitative findings from an interview with an adolescent girl who has been an inpatient in the females' substance abuse unit in Al Maamoura hospital in Alexandria, Egypt. Weak emotional ties with the mother and lack of family supervision as well as presence in a drug culture were main reasons for abusing drugs. Implications for future research are discussed.

A pilot study of a brief intervention program (RECHARGE) to reduce sleep-wake and circadian rhythm disturbances in youth being treated for depression

Aim: Sleep-wake and circadian rhythm disturbances are linked to the emergence and persistence of depression in youth. However, few youth-specific interventions have been developed to address this in clinical settings. We aimed to test the efficacy of a novel program targeted at sleep-wake and circadian rhythm problems in youth with depression. Methods: Adolescents and young adults with depression and sleep-wake disturbances were invited to join the 8-week RECHARGE program. Outcomes of interest were pre- to postintervention changes in self-reported sleep-wake patterns and circadian preference, actigraphy recordings of circadian sleep rhythms, and depressive symptoms. Results: 10 individuals completed the RECHARGE program showed modest improvements in self-reported sleep-wake patterns and circadian rhythmicity as measured by actigraphy; however these did not explain a significant portion of the variance in post-intervention depression scores. Conclusions: Modest trends for some sleep-wake and circadian parameters indicate that future investigation of a modified RECHARGE program is merited.

Cerebral Hypoxia can lead to Personality Changes: A Review

The term ‘Cerebral hypoxia’ refers to reduced supply of oxygen to the brain tissues. If a brain cell becomes completely deprived of oxygen, the condition is referred to as cerebral anoxia. Since brain needs constant supply of oxygen for its vital functioning, cerebral hypoxia can have major impact of cerebral hemispheres, leading to cognitive, behavioural as well as personality changes including anxiety, depression and memory loss.

Palindrome Mediated Translocation in Human: Where Do We Go from Here?

Palindromes are two groups of identical sequences which join each other in inverted direction. The palindrome mediated genomic instability contributes to a diverse group of genomic rearrangements like translocations, deletions, and amplifications. Palindrome involve in translocation have AT richness (PATRRs) and the best suited examples of this is t(11;22) translocation. PATRR22 is a hotspot of palindrome mediated translocation. Several molecular methods involve in identification of various PATRRs which modulate translocation by mechanism of double strand break (DSB), especially in gametogenesis. However, the precise mechanism of DSB, cloning of critical translocating factor PATRR22, enzymatic pathways and timing involved in formation of PATRRs translocations in gametogenesis is still undiagnosed.

Palindrome Mediated Translocation in Human: Where Do We Go from Here?

Palindromes are two groups of identical sequences which join each other in inverted direction. The palindrome mediated genomic instability contributes to a diverse group of genomic rearrangements like translocations, deletions, and amplifications. Palindrome involve in translocation have AT richness (PATRRs) and the best suited examples of this is t(11;22) translocation. PATRR22 is a hotspot of palindrome mediated translocation. Several molecular methods involve in identification of various PATRRs which modulate translocation by mechanism of double strand break (DSB), especially in gametogenesis. However, the precise mechanism of DSB, cloning of critical translocating factor PATRR22, enzymatic pathways and timing involved in formation of PATRRs translocations in gametogenesis is still undiagnosed.