ENT emergencies

This chapter outlines the management of common ear, nose, and throat (ENT) emergencies. The assessment of blood loss and its treatment in the context of severe epistaxis or post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage are detailed. Protocols for dealing with fractured noses, sudden hearing loss, sudden facial palsy, and foreign bodies are discussed.

Practical procedures

This chapter provides detailed instructions for performing a wide variety of practical ear, nose, and throat (ENT) procedures. These procedures are commonly performed in the emergency department or on the ward. Each procedure has the indications for performing the procedure, a list of essential equipment required, and a step-by-step practical guide.

Common drugs used in ENT

This chapter provides an overview of common drugs used in ear, nose, and throat (ENT) practice. Drugs used in the treatment of ear conditions, nasal problems, and gastro-oesophageal reflux are listed.

ENT manifestations of AIDS

This chapter provides an overview of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and its relationship to ear, nose, and throat (ENT) problems. The pathology, effects, diagnosis, and treatment of the condition are outlined. The specific anatomically classified ENT conditions are described, along with their investigation.

The mouth, tonsils, and adenoids

The anatomy of the oral cavity is illustrated. Oral conditions from ulcers to white patches are described, in conjunction with their management plans. This includes treatment and staging of oral malignancies. The management of tonsillitis and adenoidal conditions, including glandular fever, is outlined. Indications for tonsillectomy are discussed. The presentation, investigation, staging, and treatment of tonsillar cancer are documented.

Overview

This chapter provides an overview of the scope of the book. It also provides guidance for clinical medical students studying ear, nose, and throat (ENT). A detailed curriculum and a set of learning objectives are provided. The role of research and audit in ENT practice is highlighted.

The thyroid

This chapter describes the embryology and anatomy of the thyroid gland. Investigation and treatment of thyroid disorders, including neoplastic conditions, are outlined. Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes and their features are tabulated. Risks and complications of thyroid surgery are discussed.

Ward care

This chapter outlines aspects of ward care of patients from the preoperative period, post-operative management, and discharge planning. The care of myocutaneous flaps, tracheostomy tubes, fluid balance, and nutrition are discussed. Deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis, along with managing anticoagulation, is described.

ENT in the rest of the world

This chapter provides an overview of some tropical diseases presenting as ear, nose, and throat (ENT) conditions. Knowledge of these conditions can be relevant to those working in a developing country and those treating patients who have recently migrated from, or who have been on holiday to, a developing country. The problems of healthcare in the developing world, common conditions by geographic location, and risk factors specific to certain parts of the world in relation to head and neck cancer are described. Specific conditions and their management are outlined.

Sleep-disordered breathing

This chapter reviews sleep physiology in relation to sleep-disordered breathing spectrum. The assessment of a patient with sleep-disordered breathing from examination, the role of the Epworth Sleepiness Score, sleep studies, and their interpretation are outlined. Treatments, including continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), appliances, and surgery are discussed. Success based upon the Mallampati score and the Friedman classification are described.