Implementation of Best Practices to Ensure Aflatoxin Controlled Chilli Production from Post Harvesting to Customer in Developing Country

This project is carried out in one of the leading spice manufacturer of Pakistan located in Karachi. Dundi-cut whole red chilies (Capsicum indicum) are the most revenue-generating commodity of Pakistan. However, the persistence of aflatoxin contamination in chilies at higher levels is raising the health and economic risks. Aflatoxin (AFs), produced by A.spergillus flavus and A. parasilicus Spears, are toxic, carcinogenic and immunosuppressive. Post-harvest practices may play as crucial role to make the red chilies physically damaged that may lead to increase the levels of aflatoxins. In this study good post harvesting technique after plugging of crop was implemented on drying process by which chili is dry on geo sheet instead on sandy soil and analysis of AFs content was performed for verification of true hypothesis. In addition the study also elaborate the level of aflatoxin content in normal, discolored, with pedicle and without pedicle chili samples collected from different field of Sindh province, in order to understand the root cause of high AFs content by result analysis in chili crop. The study was conducted in different chili producing areas of Sindh-Pakistan. The samples of red chili (locally called dandi cut variety) were collected from different chili growing areas in and around Kunri, Mithi, Nagarparkar, Marjhango and Samaro.

English Language Teacher’s Professional Attitude and Classroom Management Parameters

English language learning in the context of secondary and higher secondary schools in Pakistan has always been challenging to students and parents alike. This study aimed to explore the classroom management skills and strategies of English language teachers in the capital city of Karachi. Teacher’s motivation stimulates appropriate behavior that ensures teacher’s performance of their duties. This study followed qualitative methods’ parameters to explore the natural phenomena of the participant’s perceptions and experiences. The study was conducted in 15 secondary schools located in Karachi, Pakistan. The findings has shown that further learning opportunities of ELT learning, interaction and exchange of ideas globally, students’ participation in EL learning activities, professional education and in-service trainings are the most influenced motivational factors of secondary schools English Language teachers. Availability of ELT materials, respect from department officers, colleagues, society and parents and demand from students were found necessary skills to operate classrooms apart from professional content knowledge.

Measuring the Impact of Using Library Resources The Context of Secondary Students’ Academic Achievement

This study aims to explore the effect of libraries resources, in the light of the history and background, on the student’s academic performance. The reviewed literature states that students using library resources have greater efficiency and knowledge as compared to the students who do not use the libraries. Over the past twenty years, investigators all over the world have collected a significant amount of evidence pointing out the well-developed schools’ library results in better academic performance of students. By reviewing deeply analysis the review of the literature that effective libraries of any academic institution has deep effects on pupil academic performance and due to these effects, the student can improve their ability to get better academic results. Many numbers of investigations analysis these matters adopting qualitative and quantitative method has been used. Most research studies show the point of views that libraries have a good effect and impact on a pupil school’s performance.

A Study on Parent’s Attitudes towards the Education of their Daughters

There have been different factors causing the inequality between male and female in access to education. Among all, the cultural and religious traditions and practices in favor of male domination in ruling the societies or states combined with the poor economy have been the most prominent elements. Girl’s enrolment also makes almost half of that of boys in primary level and around one fourth in secondary level as well university. By disaggregating rural, the facts become more shocking, as the girl’s enrolment in secondary levels makes one-tenth of boys in rural population. The low percentage is meant to be due to Co-education and different factors, cultural barriers, economical condition, distance to schools, parents favoring boys to education and so on. Educational theories and past related researches also defined the gap between male and female education in different parental attitude to get a status in the societies. The present study designed to recognize the factors, which do affect the parents’ attitudes towards their daughters’ education. The analysis of data and testing hypotheses was enhanced the research check the validity and reliability in the data. As conclusion to the research was found out that more co-educational institution in society higher will be the unfavorable attitude of parents towards their daughters’ education, it was found out that mother are more expecting their daughter’s education than fathers and it was found out that less income parents have the lack interest of their daughter’s education.

Role of Management in Teaching Practices Private Schools of District Central Karachi

The situation of public schools in rural and urban areas is not much good, that’s why parents are giving preference to private schools for their children’s education. This study focused on the role of school management team in improving teaching practices. Apart from the reviewed literature, an empirical investigation based on a quantitative research was used to collect data from 100 private schools of district Central Karachi. The results of the study revealed that the role of school management for enhance quality teaching practice in private secondary schools of central district Karachi. From this perspective, work climate plays vital role in teacher performance. Furthermore, it is very necessary to value the teaching learning process by helping teachers regard teaching matters. Providing job related resources and facilities are the responsibility of school management. Positive relationship among teaching staff and management staff plays important role in teaching learning process.