scholarly journals Implementation of Best Practices to Ensure Aflatoxin Controlled Chilli Production from Post Harvesting to Customer in Developing Country

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Adeel Sarwar ◽  
Saleem Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Harvesting Technique ◽  
Sindh Province ◽  
Post Harvesting ◽  
Result Analysis

This project is carried out in one of the leading spice manufacturer of Pakistan located in Karachi. Dundi-cut whole red chilies (Capsicum indicum) are the most revenue-generating commodity of Pakistan. However, the persistence of aflatoxin contamination in chilies at higher levels is raising the health and economic risks. Aflatoxin (AFs), produced by A.spergillus flavus and A. parasilicus Spears, are toxic, carcinogenic and immunosuppressive. Post-harvest practices may play as crucial role to make the red chilies physically damaged that may lead to increase the levels of aflatoxins. In this study good post harvesting technique after plugging of crop was implemented on drying process by which chili is dry on geo sheet instead on sandy soil and analysis of AFs content was performed for verification of true hypothesis. In addition the study also elaborate the level of aflatoxin content in normal, discolored, with pedicle and without pedicle chili samples collected from different field of Sindh province, in order to understand the root cause of high AFs content by result analysis in chili crop. The study was conducted in different chili producing areas of Sindh-Pakistan. The samples of red chili (locally called dandi cut variety) were collected from different chili growing areas in and around Kunri, Mithi, Nagarparkar, Marjhango and Samaro.

scholarly journals Aflatoxin contamination in food crops: causes, detection, and management: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Hardik Pathak ◽  
Seema Bhadauria ◽  
Jebi Sudan
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Post Harvesting ◽  
Favorable Conditions

AbstractMycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by several fungal species and molds. Under favorable conditions like high temperature and moisture, they contaminate a large number of food commodities and regional crops during pre and post-harvesting. Aflatoxin is the main mycotoxin that harm animal and human health due to its carcinogenic nature. Aflatoxins are mainly released by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. AFB1 constitutes the most harmful type of aflatoxins and is a potent hepato-carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and it suppresses the immune system. To maintain food safety and to prevent aflatoxin contamination in food crops, combined approaches of using resistant varieties along with recommended farming practices should be followed. This review concentrates on various aspects of mycotoxin contamination in crops and recent methods to prevent or minimize the contamination.

scholarly journals Pelatihan Memanfaatkan Lahan Sempit untuk Budidaya Sayuran Organik

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Aman Suyadi ◽  
Bambang Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Entrepreneurship Training ◽  
Harvesting Technique ◽  
Business Analysis ◽  
Organic Vegetables ◽  
Post Harvesting ◽  
Biological Pesticide ◽  
Plant Treatment

IbM program aimed at improving capability and skill of cadres and PKK members of RW 12 and 13 Karangklesem village in optimalizing narrow-land area in their neighbourhood through improving capability and skill on verticulture technology mastery on organic vegetables from the making of organic fertilizer, biological pesticide, seed seedling, planting media, planting, plant treatment, harvesting and post harvesting, and capability of vegetables (agribusiness) entrepreneurship. The next aim was to handle the household waste, to create beautiful, green, and aesthetic environment, and to earn additional income for the cadres and PKK members of RW 12 and 13 from their organic vegetable sales.The method used in this IbM program was training and direct practice, assisting, fostering, and partnership with the cadres and PKK members of RW 12 and 13 at Karangklesem village.Utilization of narrow-land area has been conducted around RW 12 and 13 at Karangklesem village by conducting the following activities: (1) Bioactivator making and liquid organic fertilizer and compost  training. The results were 20 liters bioactivator, 200 liters liquid organic fertilizer, and 750 kilograms compost, (2) the technique of making biological pesticide training; the result was 200 liters of biological pesticide, (3) organic vegetable virticultur technique training; the result was 47 sets of organic vegetables in verticulture system, (4) post-harvesting technique of organic vegetables, and (5) entrepreneurship training covering the training of book keeping, business analysis of verticulture organic vegetable and marketing management.The conclusion of this IbM program was that there was an improvement on capability and skill of the cadres and PKK members  of RW 12 and 13 Karangklesem village in mastering the verticulture technology of organic vegetables from the making of bioactivator, liquid organic fertilizer, compost, biological pesticide, seed seedling, planting media, planting and plant treatment, harvesting and post-harvesting treatment, and organic vegetable entrepreneurship

Drug Court Through the Eyes of Participants

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 971-989
Author(s):  
Susan H. Witkin ◽  
Scott P. Hays
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Drug Court ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Drug Courts ◽  
Treatment Providers ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Criminal Behaviors

Operating with community support and through partnerships among treatment providers and the criminal justice system, drug courts address substance abuse as a root cause of criminal behaviors. Drug court success depends heavily on implementing the drug court model with fidelity and adhering to widely recognized best practices, in particular, following the “Ten Key Components” of drug court success. This study assesses drug court procedures and practices through the eyes of those who were actively participating in it. Focusing on five rural counties that had recently established drug courts, the study summarizes the results of interviews with 15 drug court participants. Importantly, this study is an evaluation of the operation of the drug courts themselves from the perspective of the participants of these drug courts rather than an evaluation of drug court participant impacts.

Challenges and opportunities for parliamentary libraries during COVID-19: A case study of the National Assembly of Quebec Library

IFLA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 034003522110230
Author(s):  
Carolyne Ménard
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Information Support ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
The World ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Virtual Services

Parliamentary libraries play a crucial role in providing information support to decision-makers around the world. These institutions have faced an unprecedented situation with the COVID-19 pandemic. Many have had to modify their practices considerably to keep serving their users. This article explores how the National Assembly of Quebec Library has responded to this issue and redefined its services during the pandemic. The author presents the challenges and opportunities met while adapting virtual services, redefining document handling and improving team communication, and foresees future obstacles for the institution. This case study shares best practices and the lessons learned in the hope of informing and advising similar institutions facing challenges during this pandemic.

The Establish of Digital Simulation System on Continuous Cross-Flow Dryer

2012 ◽  
Vol 430-432 ◽  
pp. 1759-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Han ◽  
Chun Cheng Zuo ◽  
Hang Zhu ◽  
Wen Fu Wu ◽  
Chun Shan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Virtual Instrument ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Digital Simulation ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Automated Control ◽  
Post Harvesting

Drying plays an important role in the post-harvesting process of grain, and the quality of the corn after drying has received an increasing concern. The mathematical model of grain drying plays an essential role in developing grain dryer structure and obtaining the drying technological parameters. Furthermore, an accurate mathematical model is a reference for automated control during drying process. In this paper, using mathematical models and quality model of the corn drying process, a digital simulation of corn drying machine system based on a virtual instrument was established for 5HSZ dryer. Finally, an on-line measurement and automated control software of grain parameters were developed providing the changes of moisture, temperature, humidity, and germination rate in the process of drying. The experimental results show that the simulation result is valid, which has practical merit of operation and technical optimization of dryer.

Online Surveys: A Potential Weapon Against Clinician Non-Compliance

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Schears
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Online Surveys ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Worker Exposure ◽  
Pros And Cons

Abstract Over the last two decades, our understanding of the pathogenesis of central line associated blood steam infections has improved significantly. Also, increased attention has been focused on reducing healthcare worker exposure to infectious agents. Best practice protocols have been developed to eliminate unnecessary morbidity, mortality and costs associated with these infections and exposures. Adoption of these best practices has been incomplete and non-compliance is a major factor preventing our infectious complication rates from reaching zero. Getting at the root cause of noncompliance is complex. Online surveys are uniquely positioned to help understand the human factors contributing to non-compliance. This article reviews some of the pros and cons associated with the use of online surveys. Using several relevant recent examples, this article explores how these surveys can be used to identify those factors that create barriers to compliance. By better understanding all the issues involved with non-compliance, we will be able to create strategies and engineer products to improve best practice protocol compliance and reduce the human factor contribution to our patient's infectious complications.

Rotary Steerable System Design Optimisation with Roller Reamers Prevents Stuck Pipe Events

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag Yadav ◽  
Omar Abdelazeem ◽  
Mohamed Chebab ◽  
Atef Shata ◽  
Ahmad Al-Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Mechanical Instability ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Outstanding Achievement ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Contact Points

Abstract An increasing deployment of rotary steerable system to drill through complex reservoirs demands considerable gains in operating efficiency. It is a known fact that one of the main drilling challenges faced by oil & gas industry is stuck pipe. The risk of stuck pipe is particularly elevated when using a rotary steerable system tool to drill through formations having geo-mechanical instability and alternating hard-soft interbedded layers. This elevated risk is due to the pivot stabilizers, typically used on such tools which have a limited flow by-pass area and high side loads at the contact points with formation. This study showcases how in geo-mechanically unstable formations, a stabilizer in a rotary steerable system tool can be replaced with a roller reamer technology to reduce stuck pipe events while still delivering steerability objectives. Roller reamers are known to deliver reduced contact forces and torque. The analysis focuses on how roller reamer technology was used to prevent rotary stalling of a drill string while drilling, which inadvertently had been a root cause in most stuck events. It also describes how BHA was optimized to achieve directional objective. Further, it discusses how drilling execution and monitoring procedures were modified to ensure stuck pipe is avoided without compromising directional yield of the BHA. Results are presented from actual wells, demonstrating an outstanding achievement of no stuck events on 4 back to back wells after multiple incidents of stuck pipe and lost in hole on previous wells. The best practices followed to ensure safe drilling are explored to highlight roles played by roller reamer replacement of pivot stabilizer in rotary steerable system tool, BHA optimization and real time drilling monitoring. Results prove that an engineered application of proper BHA design and effective drilling execution & monitoring can deliver efficient operations, even in most complex drilling environments.

Monitoring of drying-induced soil moisture loss with PZT-based EMI technique

2022 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2110722
Author(s):  
Jianchao Wu ◽  
Jie Fang ◽  
Jianjun Wang ◽  
Yabin Liang ◽  
Weijie Li
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Physical Model Test ◽  
Soil Specimen ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Air Drying

Air-drying process of soil is a crucial procedure in geological and geotechnical engineering. Drying-induced ground subsidence and damage to overlying buildings is a widespread and urgent problem. Monitoring of drying-induced water evaporation in soil is of great importance. In this paper, soil moisture loss monitoring based on lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducer using electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) technique was investigated. A physical model test in our laboratory was conducted to study the feasibility and applicability. In the experimental research, three identical PZT transducers that were wrapped with waterproof insulation glue were pre-embedded inside a cohesive soil specimen. In addition, another PZT transducer was embedded in a sandy soil specimen to explore the application effect in soil with different composition. EMI signatures of these four PZT patches during the air-drying process were collected and analyzed. Experimental results indicated that the peak frequency in the conductance signatures presented a rightward shift as the water evaporates. Moreover, the corresponding peak magnitude keep decreasing with the continuous development of soil moisture loss. To better quantify the variations, two statistical metrics including root mean square deviation (RMSD) and mean absolute percentage deviation (MAPD) were employed to study the changing characteristics of the EMI signatures. All these two metrics increase coincidentally in the process. Experimental results demonstrate that cohesive and sandy soil moisture loss monitoring by using the embedded PZT transducer is feasible and reliable. This work also serves as a proof-of-concept study to demonstrate the performance of the EMI technique in monitoring the soil moisture content.

scholarly journals Effect of Drying Temperatures and Exposure Times on Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxin Production on Artificially Inoculated Hazelnuts

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 1241-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
SILVIA VALENTE ◽  
GIOVANNA ROBERTA MELONI ◽  
SIMONA PRENCIPE ◽  
NICOLA SPIGOLON ◽  
MARCO SOMENZI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Fungal Development ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Aflatoxin B2 ◽  
And Storage

ABSTRACT Aspergillus flavus may colonize hazelnuts and produce aflatoxins in the field and during storage. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of drying temperature and exposure times on the viability of A. flavus and its ability to produce aflatoxins during the drying process and storage. Hazelnuts were inoculated with A. flavus and dried at different temperatures to reach 6% moisture content and a water activity (aw) of 0.71, a commercial requirement to avoid fungal development and aflatoxin contamination. Hazelnuts were dried at 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50°C and subsequently stored at 25°C for 14 days. After drying at 30, 35, and 40°C, increased amounts of A. flavus were evident, with the highest concentration occurring after drying at 35°C ([6.1 ± 2.4] × 106A. flavus CFU/g). At these temperatures, aflatoxins were detected only at 30 and 35°C. Aflatoxins, however, were present at higher levels after drying at 30°C, with concentrations of 1.93 ± 0.77 μg/g for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and 0.11 ± 0.04 μg/g for aflatoxin B2 (AFB2). After 14 days of storage, the highest A. flavus concentration and the highest levels of mycotoxins were detected in samples treated at 35°C ([8.2 ± 2.1] × 107A. flavus CFU/g and 9.30 ± 1.58 μg/g and 0.89 ± 0.08 μg/g for AFB1 and AFB2, respectively). In hazelnuts dried at 45 or 50°C, no aflatoxins were found either after drying or storage, and a reduction of A. flavus viable conidia was observed, suggesting that a shorter and warmer drying is essential to guarantee nut safety. The lowest temperature that guarantees the lack of aflatoxins should be selected to maintain the organoleptic quality of hazelnuts. Therefore, 45°C should be the recommended drying temperature to limit A. flavus growth and aflatoxin contamination on hazelnuts. HIGHLIGHTS

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