Eczematous dermatitis caused by internal exposure to copper

Radionuclides (uranium, thorium, radium, radon gas etc.) are found naturally in air, water, soil and rock. Everyday, we ingest and inhale these radionuclides through the air we breathe and through food and water we take. Out of the internal exposure via ingestion of radionuclides, water contributes the major portion. The natural radioactivity of water is due to the activity transfer from bed rock and soils. In our surveys carried out in the past few years, we have observed high concentrations of uranium and total dissolved solids (TDS) in drinking waters of some southern parts of Punjab State exceeding the safe limits recommended by national and international agencies. The main drinking water source is the underground water procured from different depths. Due to the highly saline taste, disorders in their digestive systems and other ailments, people are installing reverse osmosis (RO) systems in their houses. Some RO systems have been installed on commercial basis. The state government is also in the process of installing community RO systems at the village level. As high values of uranium are also undesired and may pose health hazards due to radioactivity and toxicity of uranium, we have conducted a survey in the field to study the performance of various RO systems for removal of uranium and TDS. Water samples from about forty RO systems from Faridkot, Mansa, Bathinda and Amritsar districts of Punjab State were collected and analyzed. Our results show that some RO systems are able to remove more than 99% of uranium in the underground waters used for drinking purposes. TDS values are also reduced considerably to the desired levels. So RO systems can be used to avoid the risk of unduly health problems posed by high concentrations of uranium and TDS in drinking water.

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Nickel and Skin: From Allergy to Autoimmunity

Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871530320666191231115437 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 1032-1040

Author(s):

Kossara Drenovska ◽

Martin Shahid ◽

Snejina Vassileva

Keyword(s):

Scientific Literature ◽

Internal Exposure ◽

Present Moment ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Autoinflammatory Disorders ◽

Metal Implants ◽

Systemic Reactions ◽

Nickel Compounds ◽

Immunological Effects ◽

Detailed Search

Introduction & Objectives: Cutaneous and systemic reactions to various metal implants and medical devices have been well documented. The aim of this review was to focus on the probable common mechanisms of allergy and autoimmunity that may lead to similar clinical outcomes following the growing evidence in the literature of metal and nickel-related systemic, autoimmune or autoinflammatory disorders. Methods: Detailed search of the available electronic databases (PubMed-Medline) was conducted for review of the literature on that topic till the present moment. Results: Multiple reports on the immunological effects of metals including immunomodulation, allergy, or autoimmunity were identified. It was found that metals may act through immunosuppression, immunotoxicity, or as immune adjuvants thus provoking allergy and autoimmunity in susceptible individuals. Both external or internal exposure to metals was observed. Nickel has been identified as the most common sensitizer, and also the most studied one. The coexistence of both allergic and autoimmune symptoms, induced by nickel, has been published, suggesting the autoimmune potential of nickel compounds. Conclusions: Clinical experience and scientific literature together demonstrate that metals may play an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases. While metal implant allergies and complications are on the rise, they remain a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Elucidation of their possible mechanisms will contribute to the more successful and safer treatment of affected individuals.

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Case analysis of kinetics investigations in toxicity studies of pesticides to identify the nonlinearity of internal exposure and the influences of nonlinearity on the toxicological interpretation of pesticide residue

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104958 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104958

Author(s):

Satoshi Machino ◽

Yoko Yokoyama ◽

Toyohiro Egawa ◽

Hiroshi Satoh ◽

Katsuhiro Miyajima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pesticide Residue ◽

Case Analysis ◽

Internal Exposure ◽

Toxicity Studies

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321 The frequency and utility of drug cessation trials in older adults with chronic eczematous dermatitis of unknown etiology

Journal of Investigative Dermatology ◽

10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.343 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 141 (5) ◽

pp. S56

Author(s):

A. Hopkins ◽

K. Lerner ◽

E. Grinich ◽

J. Ahn ◽

Y. Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Unknown Etiology ◽

Eczematous Dermatitis ◽

Drug Cessation

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Absence of Detectable Radionuclides in Breast Milk in Sendai, Japan in 2012 Even by High-Sensitivity Determination: Estimated Dose among Infants after the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18115825 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 5825

Author(s):

Zhaoqing Lyu ◽

Sani Rachman Soleman ◽

Tomoko Fujitani ◽

Yukiko Fujii ◽

Manal A. M. Mahmoud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Minimum Detectable Activity ◽

Activity Level ◽

Internal Exposure ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Detectable Activity ◽

Nuclear Disaster ◽

Exposure Limit ◽

Fukushima Nuclear Disaster

The aim of this study was to estimate radionuclide levels in breast milk and the transferred dose to their infants in Sendai (100 km from Fukushima), Japan after the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster. Radionuclide concentrations were analyzed in 101 specimens of breast milk collected in 2012. Median values for minimum detectable activities were 0.39, 0.34, 1.1, 1.89, and 17.1 Bq/kg for 137Cs, 134Cs, 131I, 110mAg, and 40K, respectively. Only radionuclides from 40K were detected. To estimate potential exposure and radiocesium dose, we assumed that the samples contained each minimum detectable activity level. The mean minimum detectable activity concentrations (standard deviation) of 137Cs and 134Cs were 0.42 (0.15) and 0.37 (0.14) Bq/kg, respectively. Means of estimated dietary intakes of 137Cs and 134Cs among infants were 0.35 (0.12) and 0.31 (0.11) Bq/day, respectively. The committed effective doses of radiocesium in infants aged 3 and 12 months via breastmilk were estimated at 5.6 (2.1) and 3.3 (1.2) μSv/year, respectively. Dietary intakes of 137Cs and 134Cs in breastfeeding mothers were back-calculated at 1.9 (0.71) and 1.7 (0.65) Bq/day, respectively. The study verified no discernible exposure to radionuclides among infants. The most conservative estimates were below the Japanese internal exposure limit of 1 mSv/year.

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Alpha Spectrometry of Radon Short-Lived Progeny in Drinking Water and Assessment of the Public Effective Dose: Results from the Cilento Area, Province of Salerno, Southern Italy

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13245840 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 5840

Author(s):

Enver Faella ◽

Simona Mancini ◽

Michele Guida ◽

Albina Cuomo ◽

Domenico Guida

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Effective Dose ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Age Groups ◽

Internal Exposure ◽

Threshold Values ◽

Campania Region ◽

Radon Activity ◽

National Regulation ◽

South Italy

Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas present in the hydrosphere, lithosphere and atmosphere abundantly. Its ionizing radiation provides the largest human internal exposure by inhalation and ingestion to natural sources, constituting a serious health hazard. The contribution to total exposure is mainly due to inhalation, as ingestion by food or drinking water is typically very small. However, because of public health concerns, the contributions from all these sources are limited by regulations and remedial action should be taken in the event that the defined threshold values are overcome. In this paper, the first campaign of measurements to control the radon activity concentration in drinking water from public water supplies in the province of Salerno, south Italy, is described. The results represent a main reference for the area, as it was never investigated before. The purpose of this survey was to contribute to data compilation concerning the presence of radon-222 in groundwater in the Campania region and to determine the associated risk for different age groups. The maximum radon activity concentrations and the related total annual public effective dose turned out to be lower than the threshold values (100 Bq/l and 0.1 mSv/y, respectively) indicated by international guidelines and the national regulation, showing that the health risks for public consumption can be considered negligible.

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