Cyclophosphamide in the Adrenalectomized Animal

1965 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN BURKE TIPTON
Keyword(s):  
Adrenalectomized Animal

Adrenalectomy eliminates both fiber-type differences and starvation effects on denervated muscle

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (6) ◽  
pp. E850-E856 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Almon ◽  
D. C. Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Denervated Muscle ◽  
Adrenalectomized Animal ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Starvation Effects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Denervated Muscles

This report describes changes in muscle mass of innervated and denervated pairs of muscles taken from intact and adrenalectomized 250-g male Sprague-Dawley rats provided with different diets. Diets ranged from a nutritionally complete liquid diet to starvation (water only). In the intact animals, muscles with a more tonic character (soleus) are less sensitive to starvation than are muscles with a more phasic character (extensor digitorum longus), whereas the opposite is true of denervation. In the intact animals, starvation greatly increased the amount of atrophy following denervation. In the adrenalectomized animals, starvation had no effect on the amounts of atrophy following denervation. Furthermore, adrenalectomy virtually eliminated the fiber-type differences in the amount of atrophy following denervation. In addition, a comparison between denervated muscles from intact animals and adrenalectomized animals subjected to starvation demonstrates that all denervated muscles from the adrenalectomized animals atrophy less. Finally, it was observed that although an adrenalectomized animal can tolerate 6 days of starvation, an adrenalectomized-castrated animal cannot tolerate even short periods of starvation. The difference appears to be due to low amounts of corticosterone of testicular origin.

Corticosteroids for reversal of hemorrhagic shock in rats

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Harry Weil ◽  
Howard Whigham
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Dosage Range ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Adrenalectomized Animal ◽  
Adrenocortical Hormone

Corticosteroids administered in amounts more than 100 times those required to sustain a fully adrenalectomized animal were highly effective in increasing survival following hemorrhagic shock. In rats with intact adrenal glands, hemorrhagic shock was produced by maintaining arterial blood pressure at 35 mm Hg for 240 min. Glucocorticoids and aldosterone were administered only after blood was reinfused. The therapeutic benefit is due to a pharmacological action of the adrenocortical hormone. Aldosterone had a lesser and relatively narrow dosage range of effectiveness.

Behaviour of Denervated Spleen in Adrenalectomized Animal.

1929 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. S. Lim ◽  
H.-C. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Adrenalectomized Animal

Effect of Adrenalectomy on the Incorporation of Acetate Into Fatty Acids, Cholesterol and Acetoacetic Acid by Rat Liver Slices

1955 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Perry ◽  
Helen F. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Acid Formation ◽  
Acetoacetic Acid ◽  
Adrenalectomized Animal ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

The incorporation of C14 acetate into fatty acids, cholesterol, acetoacetic acid and CO2 by liver slices of intact and adrenalectomized rats was studied, the slices being incubated in bicarbonate and phosphate buffers. It was found that in both buffer systems incorporation into fatty acids and cholesterol was depressed while incorporation into acetoacetic acid was unaffected by adrenalectomy. However, total acetoacetic acid formation by the slices tended to be higher in preparations from adrenalectomized animals. The amount of acetate carbon appearing as CO2 was similar with slices from both types of animals. Bicarbonate was found to be a more favorable medium than PO4 for fatty acid formation, while PO4 was the more favorable medium for cholesterogenesis, though the differences between adrenalectomized and intact animals persisted in either buffer. Forced feeding with glucose increased the incorporation of acetate into fat and cholesterol in both buffer systems in adrenalectomized as well as in intact animals. However, the adrenalectomized preparation still incorporated acetate to a lesser extent than the controls. It was concluded that while the depressed incorporation of acetate into fatty acid and cholesterol by adrenalectomized liver slices was consistent with a depressed synthesis of these lipids, there was also the possibility that it reflected an increased turnover of lipids in the liver of the adrenalectomized animal.

Effects of Aldosterone on Blood Pressure and Electrolyte Distribution in the Rat

1958 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney M. Friedman ◽  
Constance L. Friedman ◽  
Miyoshi Nakashima
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Sodium Transfer ◽  
Adrenalectomized Animal ◽  
Sodium Gradient ◽  
Inulin Space ◽  
Small Rise ◽  
Altered Blood

Aldosterone racemate, 20–40 µg, induced a small rise in blood pressure in the intact or nephrectomized rat following subcutaneous or intravenous but not intraperitoneal injection. It was effective in restoring the depressed pressure of the adrenalectomized animal towards normal within 60 minutes of intravenous administration. Extracellular fluid volume (inulin space) and extracellular Na were increased in the nephrectomized rat, but not in the nephrectomized-adrenalectomized animal during the restoration of blood pressure. Aldosterone racemate, 20 µg, also caused a characteristic increase in pressor sensitivity to Pitressin within 30 minutes of subcutaneous administration. Based on these findings and our previous studies, argument is presented to link the neurohypophysis and mineralocortex, both acting by different means in the same direction, with the control of sodium distribution between cells and environment. Vascular smooth muscle tonus is considered to be a function of the continuously regulated sodium gradient and thus of the sodium transfer systems. Plasma sodium changes in diverse states with altered blood pressure are considered to be evidence of attempts at compensation for an altered sodium gradient rather than as causal in themselves.

Hormonal factors in the rat's tolerance to altitude

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (5) ◽  
pp. 818-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenic A. DeBias
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Survival Period ◽  
Simulated Altitude ◽  
Hormonal Factors ◽  
Adrenalectomized Animal ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

The survival period of adrenalectomized rats, which are less tolerant than normal rats to reduced barometric pressure (equiv. to altitude of 27,800 ft), can be extended when the animals are pretreated with adequate amounts of cortisol. Pretreatment of adrenalectomized animals with somatotropin (0.5 mg/100 g body wt.) did not have any significant effect on tolerance to simulated altitude, but when somatotropin was administered simultaneously with a subeffective dose of cortisol, tolerance to altitude was significantly increased. Thyroidectomy did not have a beneficial effect on survival of adrenalectomized animals, but pretreatment of adrenalectomized-thyroidectomized rats with 3 mg cortisol, which is inadequate to protect the adrenalectomized animal against exposure to simulated altitude, significantly increased survival rate. A possible mechanism whereby lesser amounts of cortisol are effective in prolonging survival of thyroidectomized-adrenalectomized rats exposed to low barometric pressure may be a decrease in catabolism of the steroid in hypothyroid animals.

THE ROLE OF THE ADRENAL GLAND IN SODIUM RETENTION FOLLOWING ACUTE VENOUS OBSTRUCTION

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-590
Author(s):  
Sydney M. Friedman ◽  
Miyoshi Nakashima ◽  
Constance L. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Renal Vein ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Venous Obstruction ◽  
Moderate Reduction ◽  
Adrenalectomized Animal

An acute reduction in sodium excretion was observed to follow the obstruction of the renal vein or inferior vena cava above the entrance of the renal vein in the rat, whether or not the venous effluent from the adrenal gland was involved. Similar reductions in sodium excretion occurred in the adrenalectomized animal. Surprisingly, a moderate reduction in sodium excretion also occurred on partial obstruction of the inferior vena cava below the renal veins.

THE IN VITRO UTILIZATION AND PRODUCTION OF NON-ESTERIFIED FATTY ACIDS BY ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1061-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Perry ◽  
Helen F. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Adrenalectomized Animal ◽  
Vitro Production ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

The in vitro utilization of non-esterified fatty acids by various tissues and the in vitro production of non-esterified fatty acids by adipose tissue have been compared in normal and adrenalectomized rats. It was found that the production of NEFA by adipose tissue was similar in both groups of animals but that the in vitro utilization of NEFA and production of carbon dioxide by heart, diaphragm, kidney, and liver tissue was greater in the adrenalectomized animal. These findings together with the depletion of fat content of the depots are interpreted as indicating that in the adrenalectomized state there is increased peripheral utilization of fatty acids.

Immediate Capillary Stress Response

1956 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenö Kramár ◽  
V. William Meyers ◽  
Margarete Simay-Kramár ◽  
Charles M. Wilhelmj
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Intact Animal ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Late Response ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Adrenalectomized Animal ◽  
Capillary Stress ◽  
Biphasic Reaction ◽  
Capillary Resistance ◽  
Capillary Response

Beside the previously described changes in capillary resistance occurring after a period of latency and lasting for several days or weeks, another type of response was found in both human subjects and experimental animals which sets in promptly and wears off within 4 hours. It is suggested that this be termed ‘immediate capillary stress response’ for the sake of distinction from the ‘late capillary response.’ Both immediate and late responses may show patterns of increase, decrease and biphasic reaction or there may be upon the same stress no change in the capillary resistance at all. Since the immediate capillary stress response, in contrast to the late response, appears in the adrenalectomized animal as well as in the intact animal, it is postulated not to be dependent on the adrenal cortex.

Respiratory Studies on the Utilization of Carbohydrate After Adrenalectomy

1958 ◽  
Vol 192 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Winternitz ◽  
D. L. Kline
Keyword(s):  
Adrenalectomized Animal ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

Respiratory quotients and C14O2 production from 2-C14 pyruvate were studied in normal and adrenalectomized rats following subcutaneous epinephrine as a carbohydrate mobilizing agent. The adrenalectomized rats responded with a rise in R.Q. that was greater and more prolonged than that of the controls. They also expired more C14O2 than did the normal animals during the 4-hour period of study. These data are consistent with an increased rate of oxidation of carbohydrate by the adrenalectomized animal rather than increased lipogenesis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document