scholarly journals Radiological Incident Preparedness: Planning at the Local Level

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. S151-S158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive M. Tan ◽  
Daniel J. Barnett ◽  
Adam J. Stolz ◽  
Jonathan M. Links
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Radiological Emergency ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Preparedness Planning ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
Radiological Response ◽  
The City ◽  
Municipal Level

ABSTRACTRadiological terrorism has been recognized as a probable scenario with high impact. Radiological preparedness planning at the federal and state levels has been encouraging, but translating complex doctrines into operational readiness at the local level has proved challenging. Based on the authors' experience with radiological response planning for the City of Baltimore, this article describes an integrated approach to municipal-level radiological emergency preparedness planning, provides information on resources that are useful for radiological preparedness planning, and recommends a step-by-step process toward developing the plan with relevant examples from the experience in Baltimore. Local governmental agencies constitute the first line of response and are critical to the success of the operation. This article is intended as a starting framework for local governmental efforts toward developing a response plan for radiological incidents in their communities.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:S151-S158)

Developing an instrument to measure household radiological emergency preparedness using the Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) methodology: An evidence-informed approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-305
Author(s):  
Rennie W. Ferguson, DrPH, MHS ◽  
Daniel J. Barnett, MD, MPH ◽  
Ryan David Kennedy, PhD ◽  
Tara Kirk Sell, PhD, MA ◽  
Jessica S. Wieder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Survey Instrument ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Community Assessment ◽  
Radiological Emergency ◽  
Preparedness Planning ◽  
Public Health Emergency Response

Introduction: Community assessments to measure emergency preparedness can inform policies, planning, and communication to the public to improve readiness and response if an emergency was to occur. Public health and emergency management officials need an effective assessment tool to measure community preparedness for a radiological emergency. Methods: The authors created a survey instrument to collect data on household radiological emergency preparedness that could be implemented using the Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) methodology, developed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. To inform the development of the tool, the authors examined existing CASPER surveys, focusing on identifying best practices for creating a survey instrument, as well as analyzing the results of a survey of radiation preparedness experts and state/local health and emergency management officials. Results: The developed survey tool includes 32 questions covering four domains: communication in an emergency, preparedness planning, physical/behavioral health, and demographics. The instrument captures information related to identified barriers in communicating in a radiological emergency as well as self-reported behaviors that could potentially be influenced through awareness and education.Discussion: Using the proposed survey instrument and following the existing rapid assessment methodology provided by CASPER, public health and emergency management agencies can collect valuable information on the radiation preparedness needs of their communities, which can then be used to improve household readiness for an emergency.

scholarly journals Technocratic Populism and Subnational Governance

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Eliška Drápalová ◽  
Kai Wegrich
Keyword(s):  
Public Policies ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Concept Development ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Five Star Movement ◽  
Governance Strategy ◽  
Subnational Governance ◽  
The City ◽  
Municipal Level

Abstract Although scholarly interest in populism has increased as populist parties have risen across Europe, the subnational level has been largely overlooked. This article adopts an original subnational focus and explores an unlikely but increasingly prevalent political agenda: the combination of technocracy and populism. We focus on technocratic populism as a political and governance strategy at the municipal level and assess how the interaction of populism and technocracy plays out empirically in relation to administration and public policies and how the tensions and synergies between technocracy and populism are solved at the local level. The article argues that the local level is especially prone to this kind of intersection between technocratic and populist ideology. While the article is mainly an exercise in concept development, two illustrative cases at the city level, namely the Movimento 5 Stelle (M5S, Five Star Movement) in Rome and the Akce nespokojených občanů (ANO, Action of Dissatisfied Citizens) in Prague are used to support the argument.

scholarly journals The Smaller the Market, the Better the Rent Capturing: Electrification in North Portugal during the Interwar Period

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-320
Author(s):  
Isabel Bartolomé Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
State Level ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Regional Market ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City ◽  
Municipal Level

AbstractThis article analyses the origin of the persistently high level of electricity prices that hampered the expansion of electricity consumption during the interwar period in Porto. Initially, the rent-seeking behaviour of both the supply firm and the City Hall at the local level affected the expansion of the local electricity market. During the 1930s, this collusion at municipal level coincided with unpredictable energy policies at state level. This circumstance impeded the indispensable increase of scale and the building of a regional market of electricity in north Portugal. The literature on regulation and institutional analysis has proved very useful. Finally, though equally important, primary sources from company archives and institutional bodies were also employed.

scholarly journals Local Health Department Planning for a Radiological Emergency: An Application of the AHP2 Tool to Emergency Preparedness Prioritization

2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (6_suppl4) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Dalnoki-Veress ◽  
Chris McKallagat ◽  
Amy Klebesadal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Radiological Emergency ◽  
Preparedness Planning ◽  
Chain Of Command ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Transfer Of Information

Objective. We tested the Analytical Hierarchy Process tool for its use in public health to identify potential gaps in emergency preparedness by local health departments (LHDs) in California and Hawaii during a radiological emergency. Methods. We developed a dedicated tool called All-Hazards Preparedness Squared (AHP2) that can be used by those who are responsible for all-hazards preparedness planning and response to guide them while making strategic decisions both in preparing for and responding to a slow-moving incident while it is unfolding. The tool is an Internet-based survey that can be distributed among teams responsible for emergency preparedness and response. Twenty-eight participants from 16 LHDs in California and Hawaii responsible for coordinating preparedness and response in a radiological emergency participated in using the tool in 2013. We used the data to compare the perceived importance of different elements of preparedness among participants and identify gaps in preparedness of their organizations for meeting the challenges presented by a radiological incident. Results. Clarity of information and transfer of information (to and from agency to public, state, and federal partners) were public health officials' dominant concerns while responding to an emergency. Participants also found that there were gaps in the adequacy of training and awareness of the chain of command during a radiological emergency. Conclusion. This preliminary study indicates that the AHP2 tool could be used for decision making in all-hazards preparedness planning and response.

AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO CORPORATE PREPAREDNESS

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 481-484
Author(s):  
K. Tim Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Emergency Responders ◽  
Major Emergencies ◽  
Policy Direction

ABSTRACT Many companies in the oil, chemical, petrochemical, and/or energy businesses are faced with the challenges of providing for and then assuring appropriate emergency planning and response capabilities for all of their operations. Most of the efforts devoted to this subject have been aimed at individual facilities within a company. And while preparedness at the local level is certainly an essential ingredient to corporate preparedness, there is also a need to take a holistic approach to a company's response readiness, recognizing that extremely large or extended emergencies may exceed the response capabilities of small facilities. Therefore, in most cases, there is a need for a companywide emergency preparedness and response program to coordinate effectively a crisis that exceeds the capabilities of an individual facility or business unit. Unocal, a fully integrated oil company, has developed and is implementing such a corporate emergency preparedness and crisis management program. To establish this program, the following conclusions were reached and elements were established in the program to address each of them.Corporate policy, direction, and planning is essential for effective companywide preparedness and response to a crisis.A method is needed to assure the preparedness of all facilities, which is the foundation of any emergency response, including responses by corporate teams.Corporate notification of major emergencies within the company is necessary for a rapid assessment and response by those outside the facility.A chain of command and divisions of responsibilities, from the emergency responders to the senior executives, must be clearly established and communicated.

scholarly journals Developing urban resilience in Haifa: preparedness to climate change in health and welfare agencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Negev ◽  
H Levine ◽  
T Zohar ◽  
H Nouman ◽  
M Zohar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Extreme Climate Events ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Qualitative Component ◽  
Climate Events ◽  
The City ◽  
Welfare Agencies

Abstract Background Extreme climate events (wildfires, floods, heatwaves, cold spells) are becoming more frequent in the Mediterranean, but adaptation levels in the health and welfare sectors remain low. The city of Haifa in northern Israel is prone to both war and extreme climate events. Focusing on Haifa, we aim to 1) examine local officials' risk perceptions of different extreme events, 2) compare preparedness to war vs. climate events, and 3) conduct a spatial analysis of climate and health vulnerabilities. Methods Mixed-Methods: a qualitative component including 30 in-depth interviews with local government health and welfare officials, and a qualitative component that includes mapping vulnerability indicators such as socio-economic status, recipients of welfare allowances, and temperature, focusing on urban heat islands. Results The city of Haifa developed a comprehensive resilience policy for war and wildfire. However, there is no awareness or preparedness for other climate events that have not yet been experienced. Similarly, hospitals are prepared for emergencies, but not for extreme climate events. There are no national budget or guidelines for climate adaptation at the city level or in hospitals. Correspondingly, risk perceptions of climate change among health and welfare officials remain low. At the city level, social and climatic vulnerabilities are correlated, so that downtown neighborhoods are characterized by poorer socio-economic, health and welfare conditions, and higher summer temperatures. Conclusions Haifa has good preparedness for events that had been experienced in the past. While emergency preparedness provides a good infrastructure for climate change preparedness, awareness and adaptation to the unique aspects of climate change preparations are needed, including reference to related spatial dimensions. Identifying the gaps between preparedness to various emergency events, can contribute to better climate change preparedness at the local level. Key messages In the city of Haifa, emergency preparedness exists but is not extended to extreme climate events, and awareness to health risks of climate change remains low in the health and welfare agencies. Learning from emergency preparedness to wars, wildfires and earthquakes may contribute to enhancing preparedness to extreme climate events at the local level.

scholarly journals Leveraging Local and Regional Partners to Implement Hospital Closed Point of Dispensing Sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Daniel Baker ◽  
Sara Paton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Community Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Preparedness Planning ◽  
Response Planning

Background: Point of dispensing (POD) sites are critical to local public health agencies (LPHA) when an emergen-cy occurs requiring medications or vaccinations. Delivering medical countermeasures (MCM) ensures community support mechanisms and the general public are provided with a pharmaceutical intervention to limit untoward outcomes caused by the emergency. While LPHAs are required to have an MCM response plan, these plans vary based on jurisdictional size and geographical location in Ohio. This study evaluated the implementation potential of an MCM toolkit developed for LPHAs and hospitals across Ohio. Methods: An MCM toolkit was created consisting of planning resources, training modules, sample exercises, and custom graphics. The toolkit was evaluated using Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research constructs by public health, hospital, hospital association, and emergency management professionals across Ohio by an electronic sur-vey and phone interview. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected to determine overall implementation potential. Results: Thirty-eight (n=38) respondents with jurisdictional influence over 44 Ohio counties participated. Electronic survey results demonstrated high implementation potential for the MCM toolkit (weighted average 4.71/5.00). Phone interviews highlighted: (1) jurisdictional and regionalized planning approaches were necessary for MCM delivery, and (2) hospitals should function as closed POD sites for jurisdictional LPHAs. Conclusion: This work demonstrates the importance of MCM response planning for LPHAs and hospitals. Imple-mentation and planning materials for this work could be adopted into practice by LPHAs and hospitals across the United States to further assist in emergency preparedness planning.

scholarly journals The participative budget of making a city sustainable: quintuple helix approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 04002
Author(s):  
Mykola Petrushenko ◽  
Carsten Grunwaldt
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Participatory Budgeting ◽  
Responsible Investment ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Education Environment ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The City

For transition economies, urban management processes are also in transition, which also means a situational opportunity to apply an integrated approach to the implementation of innovative projects, in which economic and political, as well as social, socio-cultural and environmental directions of development can receive a positive stimulus. Purpose of the study is to analyze the structure of participatory budgeting projects on the continuum “science and education – environment”, in accordance with the methodological approach to justify the innovative development of the city (based on helix-modeling). The paper has outlined an approach to activation the principles of sustainable and inclusive development at the local level, on the example of the participatory budget of Kyiv city in Ukraine. At the methodological level, the stages of the evolution of helix-modeling to the quintuple level have been analyzed in detail, the results of which are proposed to be implemented in accelerating the transformation of the projects structure aimed at the development of economic, social and environmental aspects of citizens life, namely in the fields of education, science, culture, sports, ecology, etc. Analysis of the change in the structure of participatory budgeting in Kyiv for the period 2017-2019 allows us to talk about the optimistic transition scenario of the city and the country in whole to the real pace of achievement the Sustainable Development Goals 2030. Strengthening the current positive changes with the help of state support, as well as ensuring a sufficient responsible investment, allows at a project level to succeed in improving the sustainability of the city.

scholarly journals Sharing Lisboa: A Digital Social Market to Promote Sustainable and Energy Efficient Behaviours

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Catarina C. Rolim ◽  
Patrícia Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
New City ◽  
Social Market ◽  
The City ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Change Mitigation

Several solutions and city planning policies have emerged to promote climate change and sustainable cities. The Sharing Cities program has the ambition of contributing to climate change mitigation by improving urban mobility, energy efficiency in buildings and reducing carbon emissions by successfully engaging citizens and fostering local-level innovation. A Digital Social Market (DSM), named Sharing Lisboa, was developed in Lisbon, Portugal, supported by an application (APP), enabling the exchange of goods and services bringing citizens together to support a common cause: three schools competing during one academic year (2018/2019) to win a final prize with the engagement of school community and surrounding community. Sharing Lisboa aimed to promote behaviour change and the adoption of energy-saving behaviours such as cycling and walking with the support of local businesses. Participants earned points that reverted to the cause (school) they supported. A total of 1260 users was registered in the APP, collecting more than 850,000 points through approximately 17,000 transactions. This paper explores how the DSM has the potential to become a new city service promoting its sustainable development. Furthermore, it is crucial for this concept to reach economic viability through a business model that is both profitable and useful for the city, businesses and citizens, since investment will be required for infrastructure and management of such a market.

scholarly journals A New Integrated Approach for Municipal Landfill Siting Based on Urban Physical Growth Prediction: A Case Study Mashhad Metropolis in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 949
Author(s):  
Salman Qureshi ◽  
Saman Nadizadeh Shorabeh ◽  
Najmeh Neysani Samany ◽  
Foad Minaei ◽  
Mehdi Homaee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Markov Chain Method ◽  
Physical Expansion ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
The City

Due to irregular and uncontrolled expansion of cities in developing countries, currently operational landfill sites cannot be used in the long-term, as people will be living in proximity to these sites and be exposed to unhygienic circumstances. Hence, this study aims at proposing an integrated approach for determining suitable locations for landfills while considering their physical expansion. The proposed approach utilizes the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) to weigh the sets of identified landfill location criteria. Furthermore, the weighted linear combination (WLC) approach was applied for the elicitation of the proper primary locations. Finally, the support vector machine (SVM) and cellular automation-based Markov chain method were used to predict urban growth. To demonstrate the applicability of the developed approach, it was applied to a case study, namely the city of Mashhad in Iran, where suitable sites for landfills were identified considering the urban growth in different geographical directions for this city by 2048. The proposed approach could be of use for policymakers, urban planners, and other decision-makers to minimize uncertainty arising from long-term resource allocation.

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