Effect of 10 Days of Bed Rest on Skeletal Muscle in Healthy Older Adults

JAMA ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 297 (16) ◽  
pp. 1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Kortebein ◽  
Arny Ferrando ◽  
Juan Lombeida ◽  
Robert Wolfe ◽  
William J. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Healthy Older Adults

scholarly journals Short-term bed rest increases TLR4 and IL-6 expression in skeletal muscle of older adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (3) ◽  
pp. R216-R223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micah J. Drummond ◽  
Kyle L. Timmerman ◽  
Melissa M. Markofski ◽  
Dillon K. Walker ◽  
Jared M. Dickinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Muscle Biopsy ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tlr4 Signaling ◽  
Adult Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Healthy Older Adults

Bed rest induces significant loss of leg lean mass in older adults. Systemic and tissue inflammation also accelerates skeletal muscle loss, but it is unknown whether inflammation is associated to inactivity-induced muscle atrophy in healthy older adults. We determined if short-term bed rest increases toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling and pro-inflammatory markers in older adult skeletal muscle biopsy samples. Six healthy, older adults underwent seven consecutive days of bed rest. Muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were taken after an overnight fast before and at the end of bed rest. Serum cytokine expression was measured before and during bed rest. TLR4 signaling and cytokine mRNAs associated with pro- and anti-inflammation and anabolism were measured in muscle biopsy samples using Western blot analysis and qPCR. Participants lost ∼4% leg lean mass with bed rest. We found that after bed rest, muscle levels of TLR4 protein expression and interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor-κB1, interleukin-10, and 15 mRNA expression were increased after bed rest ( P < 0.05). Additionally, the cytokines interferon-γ, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, were elevated in serum samples following bed rest ( P < 0.05). We conclude that short-term bed rest in older adults modestly increased some pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in muscle samples while systemic changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines were mostly absent. Upregulation of TLR4 protein content suggests that bed rest in older adults increases the capacity to mount an exaggerated, and perhaps unnecessary, inflammatory response in the presence of specific TLR4 ligands, e.g., during acute illness.

Leucine augments specific skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory pathways during recovery following 7 days of physical inactivity in older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J. Arentson-Lantz ◽  
Jasmine Mikovic ◽  
Nisha Bhattarai ◽  
Christopher S. Fry ◽  
Séverine Lamon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Leucine Supplementation ◽  
Respiratory Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiratory

Leucine supplementation attenuates the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function in older adults during bed rest. We sought to determine if leucine could also preserve and/or restore mitochondrial function and muscle oxidative capacity during periods of disuse and rehabilitation. Healthy older adults (69.1 ± 1.1 years) consumed a structured diet with supplemental leucine (LEU: 0.06 g/ kg body weight/ meal; n=8) or alanine (CON: 0.06 g/ kg body weight/meal; n=8) during 7 days of bed rest and 5 days of inpatient rehabilitation. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed at baseline (PreBR), after bed rest (PostBR) and rehabilitation (PostRehab) and used to calculate an indicator of insulin sensitivity, metabolic clearance rate. (MCR). Tissue samples from the m. vastus lateralis were collected PreBR, PostBR, and PostRehab to assess mitochondrial respiratory capacity and protein markers of the oxidative phosphorylation and a marker of the antioxidant defense systems. During bed rest, leucine tended to preserve insulin sensitivity (Change in MCR, CON vs. LEU: -3.5 ± 0.82 vs LEU: -0.98 ± 0.88, p=0.054), but had no effect on mitochondrial respiratory capacity (Change in State 3+succinate CON vs. LEU -8.7 ± 6.1 vs. 7.3 ± 4.1 pmol O2/sec/mg tissue, p=0.10) Following rehabilitation, leucine increased ATP-linked respiration (CON vs. LEU: -8.9 ± 6.2 vs. 15.5± 4.4 pmol O2/sec/mg tissue, p=0.0042). While the expression of mitochondrial respiratory and antioxidant proteins was not impacted, leucine supplementation preserved specific pathways of mitochondrial respiration, insulin sensitivity and a marker of oxidative stress during bed rest and rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Intense interval training in healthy older adults increases skeletal muscle [3 H]ouabain-binding site content and elevates Na+ ,K+ -ATPase α2 isoform abundance in Type II fibers

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. e13219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Wyckelsma ◽  
Itamar Levinger ◽  
Robyn M. Murphy ◽  
Aaron C. Petersen ◽  
Ben D. Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Ouabain Binding ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Type Ii Fibers

scholarly journals Resting metabolic rate and skeletal muscle SERCA and Na + /K + ATPase activities are not affected by fish oil supplementation in healthy older adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Jannas‐Vela ◽  
Shannon L. Klingel ◽  
Daniel T. Cervone ◽  
Kate A. Wickham ◽  
George J. F. Heigenhauser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Fish Oil Supplementation

scholarly journals The Skeletal Muscle Metaboreflex is Attenuated in Healthy Older Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jody L Greaney ◽  
David G Edwards ◽  
Paul J Fadel ◽  
William B Farquhar
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Metaboreflex

scholarly journals Functional Impact of 10 Days of Bed Rest in Healthy Older Adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 1076-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kortebein ◽  
T. B. Symons ◽  
A. Ferrando ◽  
D. Paddon-Jones ◽  
O. Ronsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Functional Impact ◽  
Healthy Older Adults

scholarly journals Effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and dynamics, and lipids after 10 days of bed rest in older adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 1092-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Standley ◽  
Giovanna Distefano ◽  
Suzette L. Pereira ◽  
Min Tian ◽  
Owen J. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Disuse Atrophy ◽  
Mitochondrial Content ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oxphos Complex

Loss of muscle mass during periods of disuse likely has negative health consequences for older adults. We have previously shown that β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation during 10 days of strict bed rest (BR) attenuates the loss of lean mass in older adults. To elucidate potential molecular mechanisms of HMB effects on muscle during BR and resistance training rehabilitation (RT), we examined mediators of skeletal muscle mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy and atrophy, and intramyocellular lipids. Nineteen older adults (60–76 yr) completed 10 days BR followed by 8-wk RT rehabilitation. Subjects were randomized to either HMB (3 g/day HMB; n = 11) or control (CON; n = 8) groups. Skeletal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) was determined by histology from percutaneous vastus lateralis biopsies. We measured protein markers of mitochondrial content [oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)], fusion and fission (MFN2, OPA1, FIS1, and DRP1), autophagy (Beclin1, LC3B, and BNIP3), and atrophy [poly-ubiquinated proteins (poly-ub)] by Western blot. Fatty acid composition of several lipid classes in skeletal muscle was measured by infusion-MS analysis. Poly-ub proteins and OXPHOS complex I increased in both groups following BR ( P < 0.05, main effect for time), and muscle triglyceride content tended to increase following BR in the HMB group ( P = 0.055). RT rehabilitation increased OXPHOS complex II protein ( P < 0.05), and total OXPHOS content tended ( P = 0.0504) to be higher in HMB group. In addition, higher levels of DRP1 and MFN2 were maintained in the HMB group after RT ( P < 0.05). BNIP3 and poly-ub proteins were significantly reduced following rehabilitation in both groups ( P < 0.05). Collectively, these data suggest that HMB influences mitochondrial dynamics and lipid metabolism during disuse atrophy and rehabilitation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Mitochondrial content and dynamics remained unchanged over 10 days of BR in older adults. HMB stimulated intramuscular lipid storage as triacylglycerol following 10 days of bed rest (BR) and maintained higher mitochondrial OXPHOS content and dynamics during the 8-wk resistance exercise rehabilitation program.

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