Fungal Treatment of Industrial Wastewaters

A low-cost wastewater disposal system was commissioned in 1959 to treat domestic and industrial wastewaters generated in the Latrobe River valley in the province of Gippsland, within the State of Victoria, Australia (Figure 1). The Latrobe Valley is the centre for large-scale generation of electricity and for the production of pulp and paper. In addition other industries have utilized the brown coal resource of the region e.g. gasification process and char production. Consequently, industrial wastewaters have been dominant in the disposal system for the past twenty-five years. The mixed industrial-domestic wastewaters were to be transported some eighty kilometres to be treated and disposed of by irrigation to land. Several important lessons have been learnt during twenty-five years of operating this system. Firstly the composition of the mixed waste stream has varied significantly with the passage of time and the development of the industrial base in the Valley, so that what was appropriate treatment in 1959 is not necessarily acceptable in 1985. Secondly the magnitude of adverse environmental impacts engendered by this low-cost disposal procedure was not imagined when the proposal was implemented. As a consequence, clean-up procedures which could remedy the adverse effects of twenty-five years of impact are likely to be costly. The question then may be asked - when the total costs including rehabilitation are considered, is there really a low-cost solution for environmentally safe disposal of complex wastewater streams?

Download Full-text

Management and Status of Japanese Public Waters

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1991.0395 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 23 (1-3) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Takeshi Goda

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Coastal Waters ◽

Industrial Wastewater ◽

Quality Standards ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Industrial Wastewaters ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Japanese Rivers ◽

Per Capita

The management and status of public water bodies in Japan is discussed. The environmental quality standards which have been set and the levels of compliance with these standards are shown. The water quality of Japanese rivers, lakes, reservoirs, wetlands and coastal waters is described, and eutrophication problems are mentioned. The effects of changes in population density and levels of recycling of industrial wastewaters on the quality of water bodies are discussed. Almost 75% of industrial wastewater is now recycled. Per capita availability of freshwater in Japan is comparatively low, and the construction of 530 dams, in addition to the 2393 dams already in operation, is planned. Irrigation effluents from paddy fields are a major factor which influences river water quality in Japan. The improvement of water quality using various methods is discussed.

Download Full-text

The effect of heterotrophic yield on the assessment of the correction factor for anoxic growth

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1996.0536 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 34 (5-6) ◽

pp. 67-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

D. Orhon ◽

S. Sözen ◽

N. Artan

Keyword(s):

Correction Factor ◽

Domestic Sewage ◽

Yield Coefficient ◽

Heterotrophic Growth ◽

Metabolic Processes ◽

Anoxic Conditions ◽

Industrial Wastewaters ◽

Systems Modelling ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Very High

For single-sludge denitrification systems, modelling of anoxic reactors currently uses the kinetics of aerobic heterotrophic growth together with a correction factor for anoxic conditions. This coefficient is computed on the basis of respirometric measurements with the assumption that the heterotrophic yield remains the same under aerobic and anoxic coditions. The paper provides the conceptual proof that the yield coefficient is significantly lower for the anoxic growth on the basis of the energetics of the related metabolic processes. This is used for the interpretation of the very high values for the correction factor experimentally determined for a number of industrial wastewaters. A default value for the anoxic heterotrophic yield coefficient is calculated for domestic sewage and compatible wastewaters and proposed for similar evaluations.

Download Full-text

Adsorption of Lead from Industrial Wastewaters using Sterculia Foetida Shell Activated Carbon

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology ◽

10.22214/ijraset.2017.8145 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol V (VIII) ◽

pp. 1034-1038

Author(s):

Swarnotpal Kashyap

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Industrial Wastewaters

Download Full-text

Toxicity and Biological Effects of Beauveria brongniartii Fe0 Nanoparticles against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11120895 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 895

Author(s):

Jing Xu ◽

Kaihui Zhang ◽

Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson ◽

Cailian Du ◽

Shaukat Ali

Keyword(s):

Spodoptera Litura ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Uv Spectroscopy ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Fungal Treatment ◽

Beauveria Brongniartii ◽

Sem Images ◽

X Ray ◽

Infection Period

Nanotechnology has clear potential in the development of innovative insecticidal products for the biorational management of major insect pests. Metal-based nanoparticles of different microbial pest control agents have been effective against several pests. Synthesis of Beauveria brongniartii based Fe0 nanoparticles (Fe0NPs) and their bio-efficacy against Spodoptera litura was observed during this study. Beauveria brongniartii conidia were coated with Fe0NPs and characterized by applying a selection of different analytical techniques. Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy showed the characteristic band of surface plasmon at 430 nm; Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed spherical shaped nanoparticles with a size ranging between 0.41 to 0.80 µm; Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectral analysis revealed characteristic Fe peaks at 6.5 and 7.1 Kev; the X-ray diffractogram showed three strong peaks at 2θ values of 45.72°, 64.47°, and 84.05°. The bioassay studies demonstrated that mortality of 2nd instar S. litura larvae following Fe0NPs treatment increased with increasing concentrations of Fe0NPs at different time intervals. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values of Fe0NPs against S. litura after seven days of fungal treatment was 59 ppm, whereas median survival time (LT50) values for 200 and 500 ppm concentrations of Fe0NPs against S. litura seven days post-treatment were 5.1 and 2.29 days, respectively. Beauveria brongniartii-Fe0NPs caused significant reductions in feeding and growth parameters (relative growth rate, relative consumption rate, and efficiency of conversion of ingested food) of S. litura. Beauveria brongniartii Fe0NPs induced reduction in glutathione-S-transferase activities throughout the infection period whereas activities of antioxidant enzymes decreased during later periods of infection. These findings suggest that B. brongniartii Fe0NPs can potentially be used in biorational S. litura management programs.

Download Full-text

Effects of Clonostachys rosea f. catenula Inoculum on the Composting of Cabbage Wastes and the Endophytic Activities of the Composted Material on Tomatoes and Red Spider Mite Infestation

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9061184 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1184

Author(s):

Nomfusi Ntsobi ◽

Morris Fanadzo ◽

Marilize Le Roes-Hill ◽

Felix Nchu

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Spider Mite ◽

Fungal Treatment ◽

Tomato Seed ◽

Clonostachys Rosea ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Red Spider Mite ◽

Phytotoxicity Test ◽

The Difference ◽

And Control

Globally, fungal inocula are being explored as agents for the optimization of composting processes. This research primarily evaluates the effects of inoculating organic vegetable heaps with the entomopathogenic fungus Clonostachys rosea f. catenula (Hypocreales) on the biophysicochemical properties of the end-product of composting. Six heaps of fresh cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) waste were inoculated with C. rosea f. catenula conidia and another six were not exposed to the fungus. The composted materials from the fungus- and control-treated heaps were subsequently used as a medium to cultivate tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). The biophysicochemical characteristics of the composted materials were also assessed after composting. In addition, the protective effect of the fungal inoculum against red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) infestations in the tomatoes was evaluated through the determination of conidial colonization of the plant tissue and the number of plants infested by the insect. Furthermore, phytotoxicity tests were carried out post experiment. There were few significant variations (p < 0.05) in heap temperature or moisture level between treatments based on the weekly data. We found no significant differences in the levels of compost macronutrient and micronutrient constituents. Remarkably, the composted materials, when incorporated into a growth medium from fungus-treated heaps, induced a 100% endophytic tissue colonization in cultivated tomato plants. While fewer red spider mite infestations were observed in tomato plants grown in composted materials from fungus-treated heaps, the difference was not significant (χ2 = 0.96 and p = 0.32). The fungal treatment yielded composted materials that significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced tomato seed germination, and based on the phytotoxicity test, the composted samples from the heaps exposed to the C. rosea f. catenula inoculum were not toxic to tomato seeds and seedlings. In conclusion, this study showed that C. rosea f. catenula improved the quality of composted materials in terms of fungal endophytism and seed germination.

Download Full-text