The Effectiveness of Interventions Aimed at Weight Loss, and Other Effects of Diet and Physical Activity in Achieving Control of Diabetes and Preventing Its Complications

2003 ◽  
pp. 353-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Wareham
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Control Of Diabetes

Effect of weight loss on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Penesova ◽  
J Babjakova ◽  
A Havranova ◽  
R Imrich ◽  
M Vlcek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Life Style Intervention ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background Central obesity and dyslipidemia are a cardinal features of the metabolic syndrome and represents increased cardiometabolic risk. It has been shown that weight loss is capable to improve insulin sensitivity and lipid parameters. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of a weight-lowering program (diet and physical activity) on LDL- and HDL-cholesterol subfractions and cardiometabolic risk factors (waist circumference, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, physical fitness). Methods We studied 2 groups of obese subjects, group A composed of 43 patients with obesity grade 1 and 2 (30F/13M; age: 43.2 ±12.4 years; BMI 31.3 ± 6.1 kg/m2); group B composed of patients with obesity grade 3 (6F/7M; age: 34.7 ±9.8 years; BMI 51.7 ± 7.9 kg/m2). The weight loss interventional program (NCT02325804) in duration of 8-week (group A) or 24 weeks (group B) consisted of hypocaloric diet and physical activity. Body composition, physical fitness, blood lipids profile (using the Lipoprint system (Quantimetrix Corp., CA, USA), and insulin sensitivity were measured. Results The average weight loss was 7.3±1.9 kg in group A and 35.3±16.0 kg in group B. Systolic, diastolic blood pressure (BP) as well as heart rate decreased in group A, in group B only systolic BP. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin decreased as well as insulin sensitivity and physical fitness has been improved after intervention. Total, LDL2, HDL2 cholesterol, as well as triglycerides (TG) decreased with weight in group A and total, LDL, TG, VLDL, LDL2 large, and small HDL subfractions decreased and intermediate HDL increased in group B. Conclusions Short term life style intervention (diet and physical activity) in patients with obesity lead to notable improvement of cardiometabolic parameters (decreased body fat mass, improved insulin sensitivity, lipid profile) as well as atheroprotective changes in LDL subfractions. Funding Supported by grants APVV 17-0099; VEGA 2/0129/20; VEGA 2/0072/18 Key messages Short term life style intervention in patients with obesity lead to notable improvement of cardiometabolic parameters. Weight-lowering program (diet and physical activity) lead to positive changes in LDL- and HDL-cholesterol subfractions.

Moderate Weight Loss: A Self-directed Protocol for Women

2008 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Santosa ◽  
Isabelle Demonty ◽  
Peter J.H. Jones ◽  
Alice H. Lichtenstein
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Motivational Strategies ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Personal Trainer ◽  
Weight Loss Study

This innovative, self-directed diet and physical activity program was designed to achieve moderate weight loss in women. Thirty-five overweight or obese hyperlipidemic women completed a 20-week weight loss study. The weight loss intervention consisted of a 20% decrease in energy intake through diet and a 10% increase in energy expenditure through physical activity. The diet consisted of 50-60% carbohydrates, 20% protein, and 20-30% fat. A personal trainer prescribed physical activity regimens. A progress-tracking system and monthly group sessions were used to maintain participant motivation throughout the weight loss period. Participants lost an average of 11.7 ± 2.5 kg (p<0.001). The pattern of weight loss was linear (p<0.001) throughout the study period. Average weight loss per week was 0.59 ± 0.55 kg. This 20-week program, combining a structured self-selected diet and independent preplanned physical activity with motivational strategies, resulted in weight loss comparable to that observed in more controlled interventions. The lower cost, ease of use, and outcome success make this approach potentially useful in a clinical setting.

scholarly journals A self-help diet and physical activity intervention with dietetic support for weight management in men treated for prostate cancer: pilot study of the Prostate Cancer Weight Management (PRO-MAN) randomised controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mohamad ◽  
M. Ntessalen ◽  
L. C. A. Craig ◽  
J. Clark ◽  
S. Fielding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Wait List ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity

AbstractOverweight and obesity may increase risk of disease progression in men with prostate cancer, but there have been few studies of weight loss interventions in this patient group. In this study overweight or obese men treated for prostate cancer were randomised to a self-help diet and activity intervention with telephone-based dietitian support or a wait-list mini-intervention group. The intervention group had an initial group meeting, a supporting letter from their urological consultant, three telephone dietitian consultations at 4-week intervals, a pedometer and access to web-based diet and physical activity resources. At 12 weeks, men in both groups were given digital scales for providing follow-up weight measurements, and the wait-list group received a mini-intervention of the supporting letter, a pedometer and access to the web-based resources. Sixty-two men were randomised; fifty-four completed baseline and 12-week measurements, and fifty-one and twenty-seven provided measurements at 6 and 12 months, respectively. In a repeated-measures model, mean difference in weight change between groups (wait-list mini-intervention minus intervention) at 12 weeks was −2·13 (95 % CI −3·44, −0·82) kg (P = 0·002). At 12 months the corresponding value was −2·43 (95 % CI −4·50, −0·37) kg (P = 0·022). Mean difference in global quality of life score change between groups at 12 weeks was 12·3 (95 % CI 4·93, 19·7) (P = 0·002); at 12 months there were no significant differences between groups. Results suggest the potential of self-help diet and physical activity intervention with trained support for modest but sustained weight loss in this patient group.

scholarly journals Short-term weight loss with diet and physical activity in young adults: The IDEA study

Obesity ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2385-2397 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Jakicic ◽  
Wendy C. King ◽  
Marsha D. Marcus ◽  
Kelliann K. Davis ◽  
Diane Helsel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity

Exercise and QUality diet After Leukemia (The EQUAL Study): An intervention trial in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS).

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10015-10015
Author(s):  
Emily S. Tonorezos ◽  
Jeanne M. Clark ◽  
Chaya S. Moskowitz ◽  
Jennifer S. Ford ◽  
Gregory T. Armstrong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
General Population ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Cranial Radiotherapy ◽  
Childhood All ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity

10015 Background: Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at risk for obesity and cardiovascular (CV) disease. Exposure to cranial radiotherapy (CRT) increases risks. We tested whether a weight loss intervention that was successful in the general population could result in weight loss or improvements CV risk factors for ALL survivors. Methods: Obese and overweight 5-year ALL survivors diagnosed < age 21 from CCSS were randomized to a 24-month remotely delivered diet/physical activity intervention or self-directed weight loss (control), stratified by CRT. The intervention emphasized a low calorie DASH diet and physical activity via an app, a website, and weekly coach calls. The primary endpoint was difference in weight loss after 24 months, using an intent-to-treat analysis. Secondary endpoints: differences in changes in blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Analyses were performed using linear mixed effects; the study was designed to detect a difference of 2.75 kg. Results: Of 358 survivors (59% female, 91% White non-Hispanic, median age 37, IQR: 33-43), 181 were randomized to the intervention and 177 to control. Baseline mean (SD) weight was 98.6 kg (24.0) for intervention and 94.9 kg (20.3) for controls. 55 (30%) of intervention participants were adherent beyond one year. At 12 months, after controlling for CRT, sex, race/ethnicity, and age, the adjusted mean (SE) change in weight from baseline was -1.83kg (0.7) for intervention and -0.16kg (0.64) for control participants. At 24 months, the adjusted mean (SE) change in weight was -0.36kg (0.78) for intervention and +0.18kg (0.66) for control participants with the average difference of -0.54 kg (95%CI: -2.5,1.5, p=0.59) between the arms. A small proportion had at least 5% weight loss at 24 months (intervention 24%; control 17%). No significant differences in CV risk factors were observed. Conclusions: A 24-month phone and app/web-based diet and physical activity intervention that was successful for weight loss in the general population did not result in greater weight loss or improvement in CV risk factors among adult survivors of childhood ALL. Reduced adherence to the intervention beyond 12 months, or lack of ALL survivor-specific tailoring, may account for these findings. Clinical trial information: NCT02244411. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Measuring Outcomes in Adult Weight Loss Studies That Include Diet and Physical Activity: A Systematic Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Millstein
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Adult Weight ◽  
Body Composition Change ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity

Background. Measuring success of obesity interventions is critical. Several methods measure weight loss outcomes but there is no consensus on best practices. This systematic review evaluates relevant outcomes (weight loss, BMI, % body fat, and fat mass) to determine which might be the best indicator(s) of success.Methods. Eligible articles described adult weight loss interventions that included diet and physical activity and a measure of weight or BMI change and body composition change.Results. 28 full-text articles met inclusion criteria. Subjects, settings, intervention lengths, and intensities varied. All studies measured body weight (−2.9 to −17.3 kg), 9 studies measured BMI (−1.1 to −5.1 kg/m2), 20 studies measured % body fat (−0.7 to −10.2%), and 22 studies measured fat mass (−0.9 to −14.9 kg). All studies found agreement between weight or BMI and body fat mass or body fat % decreases, though there were discrepancies in degree of significance between measures.Conclusions. Nearly all weight or BMI and body composition measures agreed. Since body fat is the most metabolically harmful tissue type, it may be a more meaningful measure of health change. Future studies should consider primarily measuring % body fat, rather than or in addition to weight or BMI.

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