Impact of interactive chemistry of stratospheric ozone on Southern Hemisphere paleoclimate simulation

Abstract. Chemistry climate models are important tools for addressing interactions of composition and climate in the Earth System. In particular, they are used for assessing the combined roles of greenhouse gases and ozone in Southern Hemisphere climate and weather. Here we present an evaluation of the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator-Chemistry Climate Model, focusing on the Southern Hemisphere and the Australian region. This model is used for the Australian contribution to the international Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative, which is soliciting hindcast, future projection and sensitivity simulations. The model simulates global total column ozone (TCO) distributions accurately, with a slight delay in the onset and recovery of springtime Antarctic ozone depletion, and consistently higher ozone values. However, October averaged Antarctic TCO from 1960 to 2010 show a similar amount of depletion compared to observations. A significant innovation is the evaluation of simulated vertical profiles of ozone and temperature with ozonesonde data from Australia, New Zealand and Antarctica from 38 to 90° S. Excess ozone concentrations (up to 26.4 % at Davis during winter) and stratospheric cold biases (up to 10.1 K at the South Pole) outside the period of perturbed springtime ozone depletion are seen during all seasons compared to ozonesondes. A disparity in the vertical location of ozone depletion is seen: centered around 100 hPa in ozonesonde data compared to above 50 hPa in the model. Analysis of vertical chlorine monoxide profiles indicates that colder Antarctic stratospheric temperatures (possibly due to reduced mid-latitude heat flux) are artificially enhancing polar stratospheric cloud formation at high altitudes. The models inability to explicitly simulated supercooled ternary solution may also explain the lack of depletion at lower altitudes. The simulated Southern Annular Mode (SAM) index compares well with ERA-Interim data. Accompanying these modulations of the SAM, 50 hPa zonal wind differences between 2001–2010 and 1979–1998 show increasing zonal wind strength southward of 60° S during December for both the model simulations and ERA-Interim data. These model diagnostics shows that the model reasonably captures the stratospheric ozone driven chemistry-climate interactions important for Australian climate and weather while highlighting areas for future model development.

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Examination of the 2002 major warming in the southern hemisphere using ground-based and Odin/SMR assimilated data: stratospheric ozone distributions and tropic/mid-latitude exchange

Canadian Journal of Physics ◽

10.1139/p07-143 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 85 (11) ◽

pp. 1287-1300 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

H Bencherif ◽

L El Amraoui ◽

N Semane ◽

S Massart ◽

D Vidyaranya Charyulu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Southern Hemisphere ◽

Transport Model ◽

Stratospheric Ozone ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Polar Vortex ◽

Low Latitude ◽

Height Range ◽

Weather Forecasts ◽

European Centre

Following an exceptionally active winter, the 2002 Southern Hemisphere (SH) major warming occurred in late September. It was preceded by three minor warming events that occurred in late August and early September, and yielded vortex split and break-down over Antarctica. Ozone (O3 and nitrous oxide (N2O) profiles obtained during that period of time (15 August – 4 October) by the Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (SMR) aboard the Odin satellite are assimilated into MOCAGE (Modélisation Isentrope du transport Mésoéchelle de l'Ozone Stratosphérique par Advection), a global three-dimensional chemistry transport model of Météo-France. The assimilated algorithm is a three-dimensional-FGAT built by the European Centre for Research and Advance Training in Scientific Computation (CERFACS) using the PALM (Projet d'Assimilation par Logiciel Multi-méthode) software. The assimilated O3 and N2O profiles and isentropic distributions are compared to ground-based measurements (LIDAR and balloon-sonde) and to maps of advected potential vorticity (APV). The latter is computed by the MIMOSA (Modélisation Isentrope du transport Mésoéchelle de l'Ozone Stratosphérique par Advection) model, a high-resolution advection transport model, using meteorological fields from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). It is found that O3 concentrations retrieved by the MOCAGE–PALM assimilation system show a reasonably good agreement in the 20–28 km height range when compared with ground-based profiles. This altitude range corresponds to the intersection between the MOCAGE levels (0–28 km) and SMR O3 retrievals (20–50 km). Moreover, comparison of N2O assimilated fields with MIMOSA APV maps indicates that the dramatic split and subsequent break-down of the polar vortex, as well as the associated mixing of mid- and low-latitude stratospheric air, are well resolved and pictured by MOCAGE–PALM. The present study demonstrates also that the tremendous dynamics and associated polar vortex deformations during the 2002-austral-winter have modified ozone and nitrous oxide distributions not only at the vicinity of the polar vortex, but over topics and subtropics as well. PACS Nos.: 92.60.H–, 92.60.Hd, 92.70.Cp, 92.70.Gt

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Technical note: LIMS observations of lower stratospheric ozone in the southern polar springtime of 1978

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-20-3663-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 3663-3668

Author(s):

Ellis Remsberg ◽

V. Lynn Harvey ◽

Arlin Krueger ◽

Larry Gordley ◽

John C. Gille ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Acid ◽

Nitrogen Dioxide ◽

Southern Hemisphere ◽

Polar Region ◽

Lower Stratosphere ◽

Stratospheric Ozone ◽

Polar Vortex ◽

Technical Note ◽

Stratospheric Ozone Layer ◽

Antarctic Ozone

Abstract. The Nimbus 7 Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) instrument operated from 25 October 1978 through 28 May 1979. This note focuses on its Version 6 (V6) data and indications of ozone loss in the lower stratosphere of the Southern Hemisphere subpolar region during the last week of October 1978. We provide profiles and maps that show V6 ozone values of only 2 to 3 ppmv at 46 hPa within the edge of the polar vortex near 60∘ S from late October through mid-November 1978. There are also low values of V6 nitric acid (∼3 to 6 ppbv) and nitrogen dioxide (< 1 ppbv) at the same locations, indicating that conditions were suitable for a chemical loss of Antarctic ozone some weeks earlier. These “first light” LIMS observations provide the earliest space-based view of conditions within the lower stratospheric ozone layer of the southern polar region in springtime.

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Effects of energetic particles precipitation on stratospheric ozone in the Southern Hemisphere

Advances in Space Research ◽

10.1016/j.asr.2016.02.019 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 58 (10) ◽

pp. 2080-2089 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marta Zossi de Artigas ◽

Elda M. Zotto ◽

Gustavo A. Mansilla ◽

Patricia Fernandez de Campra

Keyword(s):

Southern Hemisphere ◽

Stratospheric Ozone ◽

Energetic Particles

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Sensitivity of the southern hemisphere tropospheric jet response to Antarctic ozone depletion: prescribed versus interactive chemistry

10.5194/acp-2020-441 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sabine Haase ◽

Jaika Fricke ◽

Tim Kruschke ◽

Sebastian Wahl ◽

Katja Matthes

Keyword(s):

Southern Hemisphere ◽

Ozone Depletion ◽

Climate Models ◽

Climate Model ◽

Stratospheric Ozone ◽

Austral Summer ◽

Jet Stream ◽

Heating Rates ◽

Sea Ice Extent ◽

Poleward Shift

Abstract. Southern hemisphere lower stratospheric ozone depletion has been shown to lead to a poleward shift of the tropospheric jet stream during austral summer, influencing surface atmosphere and ocean conditions, such as surface temperatures and sea ice extent. The characteristics of stratospheric and tropospheric responses to ozone depletion, however, differ largely among climate models depending on the representation of ozone in the models. The most accurate way to represent ozone in a model is to calculate it interactively. However, due to computational costs, in particular for long-term coupled ocean-atmosphere model integrations, the more common way is to prescribe ozone from observations or calculated model fields. Here, we investigate the difference between an interactive and a specified chemistry version of the same atmospheric model in a fully-coupled setup using a 9-member chemistry-climate model ensemble. In the specified chemistry version of the model the ozone fields are prescribed using the output from the interactive chemistry model version. In contrast to earlier studies, we use daily-resolved ozone fields in the specified chemistry simulations to achieve a better comparability between the ozone forcing with and without interactive chemistry. We find that although the short-wave heating rate trend in response to ozone depletion is the same in the different chemistry settings, the interactive chemistry ensemble shows a stronger trend in polar cap stratospheric temperatures (by about 0.7 K per decade) and circumpolar stratospheric zonal mean zonal winds (by about 1.6 m/s per decade) as compared to the specified chemistry ensemble. This difference between interactive and specified chemistry in the stratospheric response to ozone depletion also affects the tropospheric response, namely the poleward shift of the tropospheric jet stream. We attribute part of these differences to the missing representation of feedbacks between chemistry and dynamics in the specified chemistry ensemble, which affect the dynamical heating rates, and part of it to the lack of spatial asymmetries in the prescribed ozone fields. This effect is investigated using a sensitivity ensemble that was forced by a three-dimensional instead of a two–dimensional ozone field. This study emphasizes the value of interactive chemistry for the representation of the southern hemisphere tropospheric jet response to ozone depletion and infers that for periods with strong ozone variability (trends) the details of the ozone forcing can be crucial for representing southern hemispheric climate variability.

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Missing stratospheric ozone decrease at Southern Hemisphere middle latitudes after Mt. Pinatubo: A dynamical perspective

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences ◽

10.1175/jas-d-10-05004 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 110415070133039

Author(s):

C. Schnadt Poberaj ◽

J. Staehelin ◽

D. Brunner

Keyword(s):

Southern Hemisphere ◽

Stratospheric Ozone ◽

Middle Latitudes

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LIMS observations of lower stratospheric ozone in the southern polar springtime of 1978

10.5194/acp-2019-1086 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ellis Remsberg ◽

V. Lynn Harvey ◽

Arlin Krueger ◽

Larry Gordley ◽

John C. Gille ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Acid ◽

Nitrogen Dioxide ◽

Southern Hemisphere ◽

Lower Stratosphere ◽

Stratospheric Ozone ◽

Polar Vortex

Abstract. The Nimbus 7 limb infrared monitor of the stratosphere (LIMS) instrument operated from October 25, 1978, through May 28, 1979. This paper focuses on its Version (V6) data for the lower stratosphere of the southern hemisphere, subpolar region during the last week of October 1978. We provide profiles and maps that show V6 ozone values of only 2 to 3 ppmv within the edge of the polar vortex at 46 hPa near 60° S from late October through mid-November 1978. There are also low values of V6 nitric acid (∼ 3 to 6 ppbv) and nitrogen dioxide (

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Emergence of Southern Hemisphere circulation changes in response to ozone recovery

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-22211 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Brian Zambri ◽

Susan Solomon ◽

David Thompson ◽

Qiang Fu

Keyword(s):

Southern Hemisphere ◽

Ozone Depletion ◽

Stratospheric Ozone ◽

Polar Vortex ◽

Montreal Protocol ◽

Stratospheric Polar Vortex ◽

Surface Climate ◽

Antarctic Ozone ◽

Ozone Depleting Substances ◽

Circulation Changes

<p>Ozone depletion in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) stratosphere in the late 20<sup>th</sup> century cooled the air there, strengthening the SH stratospheric westerly winds near 60&#186;S and altering SH surface climate. Since ~1999, trends in Antarctic ozone have begun to recover, exhibiting a flattening followed by a sign reversal in response to decreases in stratospheric chlorine concentration due to the Montreal Protocol, an international treaty banning the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances. Here we show that the post&#8211;1999 increase in ozone has resulted in thermal and circulation changes of opposite sign to those that resulted from stratospheric ozone losses, including a warming of the SH polar lower stratosphere and a weakening of the SH stratospheric polar vortex.&#160; Further, these altered trends extend to the upper troposphere, albeit of smaller magnitudes. &#160;Observed post&#8211;1999 trends of temperature and circulation in the stratosphere are about 20&#8211;25% the magnitude of those of the ozone depletion era, and are broadly consistent with expectations based on modeled depletion-era trends and variability of both ozone and reactive chlorine, thereby indicating the emergence of healing of dynamical impacts of the Antarctic ozone hole.</p>

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The Impact of Stratospheric Ozone Recovery on Tropopause Height Trends

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/2008jcli2215.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 429-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Seok-Woo Son ◽

Lorenzo M. Polvani ◽

Darryn W. Waugh ◽

Thomas Birner ◽

Hideharu Akiyoshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Southern Hemisphere ◽

Climate Models ◽

Stratospheric Ozone ◽

Reliable Estimate ◽

Intergovernmental Panel ◽

The Future ◽

Realistic Representation ◽

High Vertical Resolution ◽

The Impact

Abstract The evolution of the tropopause in the past, present, and future climate is examined by analyzing a set of long-term integrations with stratosphere-resolving chemistry climate models (CCMs). These CCMs have high vertical resolution near the tropopause, a model top located in the mesosphere or above, and, most important, fully interactive stratospheric chemistry. Using such CCM integrations, it is found that the tropopause pressure (height) will continue to decrease (increase) in the future, but with a trend weaker than that in the recent past. The reduction in the future tropopause trend is shown to be directly associated with stratospheric ozone recovery. A significant ozone recovery occurs in the Southern Hemisphere lower stratosphere of the CCMs, and this leads to a relative warming there that reduces the tropopause trend in the twenty-first century. The future tropopause trends predicted by the CCMs are considerably smaller than those predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) models, especially in the southern high latitudes. This difference persists even when the CCMs are compared with the subset of the AR4 model integrations for which stratospheric ozone recovery was prescribed. These results suggest that a realistic representation of the stratospheric processes might be important for a reliable estimate of tropopause trends. The implications of these finding for the Southern Hemisphere climate change are also discussed.

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