Starfish, Sea Urchins, Sea Cucumbers, and Fireworms (Phylum: Echinodermata)

2008 ◽  
pp. 1105-1111
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Sea Cucumbers

Phylogenetic relationships of extant echinoderm classes

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 1232-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Janies
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Evolutionary Models ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Evidential Value ◽  
Nuclear Loci

A well-supported phylogeny of echinoderm classes has eluded morphological, embryological, molecular, and combined analyses. From this body of work it is apparent that (i) echinoids (sea urchins) and holothuroids (sea cucumbers) are related, and (ii) crinoids (sea lilies) are the sister taxon to extant eleutherozoan classes (asteroids, ophiuroids, echinoids, and holothuroids). However, the relationships of asteroids and ophiuroids to other echinoderm classes have been difficult to recover. To address relationships between the asteroids and ophiuroids and other echinoderms, I have sequenced additional nuclear loci and taxa and used novel computational approaches for co-optimizing morphological with molecular evidence at the level of sequence alignment. Support for the monophyly of each class is strong. Support for a monophyletic Asteroidea + Xyloplax is as strong as for Asteroidea. Support for Asterozoa (Asteroidea + Ophiuroidea) is apparent, albeit not as strong as for other clades (e.g., Echinozoa, Eleutherozoa, and Echinodermata). I also present detailed sensitivity analyses to provide (i) a test of the monophyly of groups under a variety of evolutionary models and (ii) a statement of the evidential value of various character systems.

scholarly journals Unlocking the secrets of mutable collagenous tissue

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Himadri S. Gupta ◽  
Greg Szulgit ◽  
Maurice R. Elphick ◽  
Jingyi Mo
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Collagenous Tissue ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Shed Light

The mutable collagenous tissue (MCT) of echinoderms (e.g. sea cucumbers, starfish and sea urchins) is unique because of its ability to ‘switch’ mechanical states rapidly and reversibly – from stiff to soft and vice versa. This kind of tissue in humans, for example, in skin, tendons and ligaments, does not have this property. So what are the molecular-level secrets by which MCT achieves this transformative ability? New real-time ultrastructural investigations are beginning to shed light on this question. Synchrotron X-ray measurements of dynamic molecular conformational changes point to the key factor being the gel-like matrix between the collagen fibrils. These findings could have applications for developing treatments for collagen-based disorders.

Australian Echinoderms

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Abyssal Plain ◽  
Ecological Role ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Brittle Stars ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Antarctic Waters ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
First Time ◽  
Feather Stars

Echinoderms, including feather stars, seastars, brittle stars, sea urchins and sea cucumbers, are some of the most beautiful and interesting animals in the sea. They play an important ecological role and several species of sea urchins and sea cucumbers form the basis of important fisheries. Over 1000 species live in Australian waters, from the shoreline to the depths of the abyssal plain and the tropics to Antarctic waters. Australian Echinoderms is an authoritative account of Australia’s 110 families of echinoderms. It brings together in a single volume comprehensive information on the identification, biology, evolution, ecology and management of these animals for the first time. Richly illustrated with beautiful photographs and written in an accessible style, Australian Echinoderms suits the needs of marine enthusiasts, academics and fisheries managers both in Australia and other geographical areas where echinoderms are studied. Winner of the 2018 Whitley Medal

Echinodermata

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David V.P. Conway ◽  
Claudia Castellani ◽  
Eve C. Southward
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Brittle Stars ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Feather Stars

This chapter describes the taxonomy of Echinodermata, a diverse group of organisms consisting systematically of five classes including sea stars (Asteroidea), brittle stars (Ophiuroidea), sea urchins (Echinoidea), sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea), and feather stars (Crinoidea). It covers their life cycle, ecology, and general morphology. It includes a section that indicates the systematic placement of the taxon described within the tree of life, and lists the key marine representative illustrated in the chapter (usually to genus or family level). This section also provides information on the taxonomic authorities responsible for the classification adopted, recent changes which might have occurred, and lists relevant taxonomic sources.

scholarly journals Analisis Kandungan Merkuri (Hg) dan Kadar Klorofil Lamun Enhalus Acoroides Di Perairan Marlosso dan Nametek Kabupaten Buru Provinsi Maluku

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Nur Alim Natsir ◽  
Debby A.J. Selanno ◽  
Ch I Tupan ◽  
Yustinus T. Male
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides

Seagrass is a type of vegetation that is able to live and develop well in coastal areas and is a habitat for several types of marine animals,such as sea cucumbers, sea urchins, starfish and sea urchins. Seagrass is an organism that is susceptible to pollution of the coastal environment such as mercury (Hg) so that it has an impact on the chlorophyll content of seagrass leaves. This study aims to determine the content of heavy metal Hg and its relationship with the chlorophyll content of seagrass Enhalus acoroides in the waters of Marlosso and Nametek in Buru District Maluku Province. The study was conducted in May 2018 and laboratory analysis was conducted in June 2018. Samples were taken at two stations namely Nametek Beach and Muos Sungai Marlosso. The results showed that the content of heavy metal Hg in roots> rhizoma> seagrass leaves. The content of heavy metals and seagrass chlorophyll content has a negative correlation where the Hg metal has a correlation of (r = - 0.97) and indicates that the higher the content of heavy metals will reduce the seagrass chlorophyll content

scholarly journals Struktur Komunitas Bulu Babi Di Perairan Pantai Kampung Baru Pulau Banda Kabupaten Maluku Tengah

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Deli Wakano ◽  
Laury Marcia Chara Huwae
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
The Village ◽  
Do So

The waters of Kampung Baru Village are one of the waters in Banda Island, Central Maluku Regency, which has an abundance of marine life. The substrate conditions in these waters are rocky, rocky and sandy, surrounded by seagrass. On the coast of Kampung Baru Village, there are many marine biota, including crustaceans, gastropods, bivalves, echinoderms, sea cucumbers, starfish and others. Sea urchins are one of the most important biota because people in Kampung Baru Village use their gonads for daily consumption. The existence of sea urchins in coral reef ecosystems has a significant effect on the ecological balance. The purpose of this study was to determine the community structure of sea urchins in the coastal areas of Kampung Baru, Central Maluku Regency. It is necessary to do so so that the presence of sea urchins can be known so that the balance is well monitored. The method used is a quadratic linear transect. The results showed that the diversity of sea urchin species on the coast of the village of Kampung Baru, Banda Island, Central Maluku was 0.815, including the low category. The value of dominance is 0.512, which means there is a tendency for species to dominate. The density value is 0.065 and the distribution value is 0.277 which is included in the uniform category. Keywords: Community Structure, Sea Urchins, Kampung Baru, Banda Island

SEA URCHINS AND SEA CUCUMBERS FROM MATUA ISLAND (KURIL ISLANDS)

2017 ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
E.G. Panina ◽  
◽  
V.G. Stepanov ◽  
N.P. Sanamyan ◽  
K.E. Sanamyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Kuril Islands ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Matua Island
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