Window Design Method | ScienceGate

As the concept of prospect-refuge defines a preferred environment, the spatial elements that provide good conditions for the catalyst of the theory have been extensively studied. The well-known architectural element of this theory is the window that optimizes visual openness to outdoor or enclosure from outdoor. The aim of this paper is to develop a design method for prospect-refuge condition by adjusting window design attributes. A parametric design model that measures spatial conditions and presents design alternatives for the window is proposed in two major phases. First, this paper explains a parametric model to generate design alternatives for a window according to its size, aspect ratio, location, and shape. In the second phase, the parametric algorithm is defined for the measurement of prospect-refuge with 3D visibility. As a result, we explore the impact of window design variables on average visibility and difference visibility of prospect and refuge area. Using the parametric design technology, the proposed method presents analytical techniques, considering spatial characteristics.

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Conception of a complex window design method

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20199105018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 91 ◽

pp. 05018

Author(s):

Arsenii Tikhomirov ◽

Aleksandr Konstantinov ◽

Ksenia Kurushkina ◽

Maya Lambias Ratnayake

Keyword(s):

Thermal Protection ◽

Design Method ◽

Natural Lighting ◽

Technical Requirements ◽

Standard Design ◽

Minimum Requirements ◽

Design Solutions ◽

Poor Ventilation ◽

Window Design ◽

Optimal Window

Windows are an essential part of almost every civil building. The existing approach for designing windows is based on ensuring minimum requirements to provide natural lighting functions, thermal protection, etc. This approach does not take into account the interrelationship of certain technical characteristics of windows (for example, heat and lighting characteristics). This leads to the appearance of typical problems at the stage of operating the building (insufficient day light, poor ventilation, etc.). In this work, an analysis of functional and technical requirements of windows of civil buildings was conducted. The review of modern researches of optimal window designs and interrelation of certain technical characteristics of window between themselves was conducted. On the basis of this analysis, the concept of a new complex window design method was proposed. This method is based on the fact that windows are both bearing and enclosing elements of the building. The use of this method will create the standard design solutions of windows for civil buildings of different functional purposes and different climatic areas of construction.

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Lateral Window Design for Maxillary Sinus Graft Based on the Implant Position

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17176335 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (17) ◽

pp. 6335

Author(s):

Kyeong-Jun Cheon ◽

Byoung-Eun Yang ◽

Seoung-Won Cho ◽

Sung-Min Chung ◽

Soo-Hwan Byun

Keyword(s):

Maxillary Sinus ◽

Design Method ◽

Lateral Approach ◽

Sinus Augmentation ◽

Positioning Method ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group D ◽

Window Design ◽

Single Implant

The purpose of this study was to devise a classification and lateral window design method based on implants and to evaluate whether these classifications and methods are applicable to clinical practice. When applying the maxillary sinus elevation technique using the lateral window, possible situations were classified into four: (A) two or more sites for implants are required for maxillary sinus augmentation, (B) a single implant is required when there are no adjacent teeth, (C) a single implant is required when one adjacent tooth is present at the mesial or distal area, and (D) a single implant is required when both mesial and distal adjacent teeth are present. In order to verify whether this classification can be used in all situations, 76 patients who underwent maxillary sinus elevation with a lateral window were selected and investigated. Of them, 47 (62%) were included in Group A, 9 (12%) in Group B, 8 (11%) in Group C, and 12 (15%) in Group D. Lateral window designing in the lateral approach of sinus augmentation can be classified into four clinical situations. There were no unclassified cases. This classification and window positioning method can be applied to most cases.

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