scholarly journals Conception of a complex window design method

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 05018
Author(s):  
Arsenii Tikhomirov ◽  
Aleksandr Konstantinov ◽  
Ksenia Kurushkina ◽  
Maya Lambias Ratnayake
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Poor Ventilation ◽  
Window Design ◽  
Optimal Window

Windows are an essential part of almost every civil building. The existing approach for designing windows is based on ensuring minimum requirements to provide natural lighting functions, thermal protection, etc. This approach does not take into account the interrelationship of certain technical characteristics of windows (for example, heat and lighting characteristics). This leads to the appearance of typical problems at the stage of operating the building (insufficient day light, poor ventilation, etc.). In this work, an analysis of functional and technical requirements of windows of civil buildings was conducted. The review of modern researches of optimal window designs and interrelation of certain technical characteristics of window between themselves was conducted. On the basis of this analysis, the concept of a new complex window design method was proposed. This method is based on the fact that windows are both bearing and enclosing elements of the building. The use of this method will create the standard design solutions of windows for civil buildings of different functional purposes and different climatic areas of construction.

Review of the Current State and Future Development in Standardizing Natural Lighting in Interiors

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Darula
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Computer Tools ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Current State ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Window Design

Three elements mainly wind, water and sun seemed to determine in ancient ages the basic phenomena of life on Earth. Architectural history documented the importance of sun influence on urban and building construction already in layouts of Mesopotamian and Greek houses. Not only sun radiation but especially daylight played a significant role in the creation of indoor environment. Later, in the 20th century, a search of interaction between human life in buildings and natural conditions were studied considering well­being and energy conscious design recently using computer tools in complex research and more detail interdisciplinary solutions. At the same time the restricted daytime availability of natural light was supplemented by more efficient and continually cheaper artificial lighting of interiors. There are two main approaches to standardize the design and evaluation of indoor visual environment. The first is based on the determination of the minimum requirements respecting human health and visibility needs in all activities while the second emphasizes the behaviour and comfort of occupants in buildings considering year­around natural changes of physical quantities like light, temperature, noise and energy consumption. The new current standardization basis for daylight evaluation and window design criteria stimulate the study of methodology principles that historically were based on the overcast type of sky luminance pattern avoiding yearly availability of sky illuminance levels. New trends to base the daylight standardization on yearly or long­term availability of daylight are using the averages or median sky illuminance levels to characterise local climatological conditions. This paper offers the review and discussion about the principles of the natural light standardization with a short introduction to the history and current state, with a trial to focus on the possible development of lighting engineering and its standards in future.

scholarly journals Drainage and watering systems on even lands with the use of frontal and frontal-circular sprinklers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Kozhanov ◽  
◽  
O. V. Voyevodin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Humid Zone ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Intake Water ◽  
System Water

Purpose: research and development of design solutions for drainage and watering systems using linear and frontal-circular movement sprinkling machines for the effective use of system water resources when draining and moistening reclaimed lands in non-sloping (low-slope) areas and with a slight slope. Materials and methods. During the research, the well-known design solutions of drainage and watering, irrigation and water circulation systems of various scientists were analyzed. In the course of analysis of constructive solutions and methods of movement, analytical, comparative and logical methods were used. When developing (improving) design solutions, the design method was used. Results. During the research, it was found that in the humid zone, due to the decrease in irrigation norms, there is a possibility of increasing the seasonal load of sprinklers. Based on the results of studies of the principles of moving sprinkler machines and currently used design solutions in order to reduce energy consumption and increase the land use coefficient, three design solutions have been proposed for reclaimed lands with different slopes. It is proposed to use frontal and frontal-circular sprinklers in drainage and watering systems. Humidification in these solutions is carried out by accumulated drainage runoff with the possibility of discharging its excess water into a water intake-water source, as well as, additional withdrawal from it in case of necessity. Conclusions. As a result of the research, the constructive solutions for drainage and watering systems have been proposed using frontal-circular and frontal sprinklers on non-slope (low-slope) reclaimed lands, as well as those with a slope, which make it possible to reduce the number of sprinklers due to reduced irrigation norms and the location of the combined drainage-watering and watering networks.

scholarly journals Optimising Window Design on Residential Building Facades by Considering Heat Transfer and Natural Lighting in Nontropical Regions of Australia

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Zixuan Chen ◽  
Ahmed W. A. Hammad ◽  
Imriyas Kamardeen ◽  
Assed Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Pareto Optimum ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Window Design

Windows account for a significant proportion of the total energy lost in buildings. The interaction of window type, Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR) scheduled and window placement height influence natural lighting and heat transfer through windows. This is a pressing issue for nontropical regions considering their high emissions and distinct climatic characteristics. A limitation exists in the adoption of common simulation-based optimisation approaches in the literature, which are hardly accessible to practitioners. This article develops a numerical-based window design optimisation model using a common Building Information Modelling (BIM) platform adopted throughout the industry, focusing on nontropical regions of Australia. Three objective functions are proposed; the first objective is to maximise the available daylight, and the other two emphasize undesirable heat transfer through windows in summer and winter. The developed model is tested on a case study located in Sydney, Australia, and a set of Pareto-optimum solutions is obtained. Through the use of the proposed model, energy savings of up to 8.57% are achieved.

scholarly journals Technical requirements for translucent structures of schools and kindergartens

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 05019
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Konstantinov ◽  
Elena Romanerikova ◽  
Margarita Borisova
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Standard Construction ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Typical Composition ◽  
Room Lighting ◽  
Construction Practice

The article presents some features of the translucent structures design of schools and kindergartens. The analysis of technical requirements for translucent structures of schools and kindergartens was represented. Based on a review of the typical composition of the premises of schools and kindergartens, it was found that different technical requirements should be established for translucent structures installed in rooms of various functional purposes and operating conditions. It was determined that the existing construction practice doesn’t take into account the differentiation of requirements for translucent structures of various premises of schools and kindergartens, and their design, as a rule, is taken to be the same for the entire construction objects. In future, it leads to disruption of the normal operation of the facility (especially in terms of ensuring normal temperature and humidity conditions and natural lighting of the premises). The features of the replacement of translucent structures in reconstructed schools and kindergartens were considered. It has been revealed that the use of modern types of translucent structures of standard construction (first of all, PVC window units) in the reconstruction leads to a significant decrease in the indicators of natural room lighting. Ways to solve this problem were given. Moreover, perspective directions for future research of the issue under consideration were considered.

Design of layered structure for thermal cloak with complex shape

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (20) ◽  
pp. 1650256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuebo Yuan ◽  
Guochang Lin ◽  
Youshan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Layered Structure ◽  
Complex Shape ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Thermal Cloaking

Thermal cloaks have potential applications in thermal protection and sensing, and those cloaks with complex shapes are much more efficient in application. Layered discretization is a valid way to realize thermal cloaks designed through spatial transformation which are usually nonhomogeneous and anisotropic. However, previous studies are limited to two-dimensional cylindrical ones. Based on the theories of spatial transformation and effective medium, a four-step design method for layered structure of thermal cloak with complex shape is proposed. It is expected to realize the designed layered structure by utilizing the existing regular materials. According to the numerical simulations, the thermal cloaking performances of layered structures are good and close to that of the perfect thermal cloaks. This study has provided an effective way for realizing thermal cloak with complex shape.

Advances in Transformational Design: Correlating Context Evaluation to Quality Feasibility and Novelty

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Camburn ◽  
Kristin Wood ◽  
Richard Crawford ◽  
Jeremy Robbens ◽  
Dan Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Problem ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Problem Context ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Ideation Methods ◽  
Functional States

In response to the call for multi-functional products, we have developed several relevant ideation techniques. These techniques are tailored for design of transformers — devices with multiple functional states. In this paper, we present significant advancements in transformational design. Primarily, we introduce a method to enhance quality, novelty, and feasibility (QNF) of design solutions. The method is used to classify design problem context and suggest pursuit of one of the two following device archetypes, transformer or monomorph — devices with a single functional state. The Indicators method is associated with a significantly increased probability of producing a design problem solution with higher QNF than a control (standard) design method. The claim that this method is accurate, its results are repeatable, and usage thereof enhances QNF is supported by a network of experiments and analyses. Statistical analysis is used to establish the accuracy, precision and repeatability of the method. Industry-standard qualitative methods, including inter-rater reliability analysis, demonstrate that usage of the Indicators method enhances design concept QNF. Concurrent minor analyses highlight the novelty of transformable designs; and some positive psychological effects of using the method. Additionally, the contextual (archetype) indicators have shown implicit promise as a core element for future research into ideation methods.

Research on Structural Strength of Catamaran Superstructure Constructed with Aluminum Alloy

2012 ◽  
Vol 538-541 ◽  
pp. 3165-3169
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhou Zheng ◽  
Yan Ling Huang ◽  
Kai Zhou Peng
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Structural Strength ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Front Wall ◽  
Strength Theory ◽  
Local Strength ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
The Relationship

The design of Superstructure constructed with aluminum alloy do not have to follow the traditional standard design method. It can be designed by applying strength theory and ANSYS program or MSC Patran / Nastran program, which can ensure the strength requirements with the selected aluminum alloy components and make the weight of the ship lightest. In this paper, the 42.4m catamaran sightseeing boat is used as an example. The structural strength of the superstructure constructed with aluminum alloy is calculated by MSC Patran / Nastran program. The distribution of the superstructure stress is obtained, which proved the size of the selected components of the superstructure can meet the requirements of the local strength and can be the reference of selecting the structure size. As the other conditions are unchanged, the the local thickness of the junction of the front wall and the side wall of the compass deck is changed. the relationship between plate thickness and stress is obtained. It is found that as The plate thickness is thicker, the stress there decreases; and as the thickness is smaller, it is obvious to reduce stress as the plate thickness Increase. when the thickness increases to a certain extent, the effect of the plate stress decreases is not obvious.

scholarly journals Optimizing Window Design on Residential Building Facades by Considering Heat Transfer and Natural Lighting in Non-tropical Regions of Australia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zixuan Chen ◽  
Ahmed W A Hammad ◽  
Imriyas Kamardeen ◽  
Assed Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Pareto Optimum ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Window Design

Windows account for a significant proportion of the total energy lost in buildings. The interaction of window type, Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR) scheduled and window placement height would influence the natural lighting and heat transfer through windows. This is a pressing issue for non-tropical regions considering their high emissions and distinct climatic characteristics. A limitation exists in the adoption of common simulation-based optimisation approaches in the literature, which are hardly accessible to practitioners. This article develops a numerical-based window design optimisation model using a common Building Information Modelling (BIM) platform adopted throughout the industry, focusing on non-tropical regions of Australia. Three objective functions are proposed; the first objective is to maximize the available daylight, and the other two emphasize on the undesirable heat transfer through windows in summer and winter respectively. The developed model is tested on a case study located in Sydney, Australia, and a set of Pareto-optimum solutions is obtained. Through the use of the proposed model, energy savings of up to 16.43% are achieved. Key findings on the case example indicate that leveraging winter heat gain to reduce annual energy consumption should not be the top priority when designing windows for Sydney.

Set-Based Design Method for the Early Phase Design of Structures With Uncertainties

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Inoue ◽  
Yutaka Hattori ◽  
Haruo Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Point Solution ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Set Based Design ◽  
Express Information ◽  
Analyze Structure

Since an early phase of design intrinsically contains uncertainties from various sources of variations, design performances are fluctuating or reflect uncertainty caused by uncertain design variables. Analysis tool such as finite element method (FEM) is useful for structural analysis. However, using unique point solution does not express information about uncertainties. Designers need to figure out an outline of the structural feature and have to obtain a design idea under some uncertain design information in a structural design at the early phase of design. We have proposed a preference set-based design (PSD) method that generates a ranged set of design solutions that satisfy sets of performance requirements. This study proposes a structural design method for the early phase of design based on the PSD method that is possible to analyze structure with design uncertainty by elastic FEM and obtain a ranged set of design solutions. That is, a design method for analyzing structures and obtaining a ranged set of design solutions with uncertainties of material property and dimension of structure (coordinates of geometry) under fluctuating distribution of performance characteristics of stress and displacement is proposed. In order to illustrate the availability of our approach, design problem of 3-dimensional truss structure is solved.

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