scholarly journals Appendix D Actual Measurement Analysis of No-load Power Losses and Relationship between No-load Current and Voltage of Distribution Transformers

2015 ◽  
pp. 351-352
Keyword(s):  
Power Losses ◽  
Load Current ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Load Power ◽  
Measurement Analysis ◽  
Distribution Transformers

Power Losses and Efficiency in Transformers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2(44)2021) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Tadeusz GLINKA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Electrical Steel ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
The Core ◽  
Load Power ◽  
Distribution Transformers ◽  
Continuous Progress ◽  
European Standards

Energy efficiency of transformers has been defined in the paper. The continuous progress noted in technology of electrical steel used for transformer laminations results in decreased lossiness and increase of flux density saturation in the core. Therefore, conditions are established for decreasing core weight and, to a lesser degree, decreasing winding weight as well. The examples of idle and load power losses have been provided for distribution transformers manufactured in 1960s and for those manufactured now. The European Commission [8] and European Standards have ruled that further decrease in power losses and increase in efficiency of newly-installed transformers must come into effect by 1st July, 2021.

scholarly journals Active and Reactive Power Losses in Distribution Transformers

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-174
Author(s):  
Michal Kolcun ◽  
◽  
Anna Gawlak ◽  
Miroslaw Kornatka ◽  
Zsolt Čonka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Active And Reactive Power ◽  
Distribution Transformers

scholarly journals OPTIMASI PENEMPATAN KAPASITOR BANK UNTUK PERBAIKAN RUGI DAYA PADA PENYULANG SABA MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA GENETIKA

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
I. K. A. Wijaya ◽  
R. S. Hartati ◽  
I W. Sukerayasa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Network Reconfiguration ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Combined Method ◽  
Capacitor Banks ◽  
Distribution Transformers

Saba feeder is a feeder who supplies 78 distribution transformers with feeder length 38,959 kms, through this Saba feeder electrical energy is channeled radially to each distribution substation. In 2017 the voltage shrinkage at Saba feeder was 9.88% (18,024 kV) while the total power loss was 445.5 kW. In this study an attempt was made to overcome the voltage losses and power losses using the method of optimizing bank capacitors with genetic algorithms and network reconfiguration. The best solution obtained from this study will be selected for repair of voltage losses and power losses in Saba feeders. The results showed that by optimizing bank capacitors using genetic algorithms, the placement of capacitor banks was placed on bus 23 (the channel leading to the BB0024 transformer) and successfully reduced the power loss to 331.7 kW. The network reconfiguration succeeded in fixing the voltage on the Saba feeder with a voltage drop of 4.75% and a total power loss of 182.7 kW. With the combined method, reconfiguration and optimization of bank capacitors with genetic algorithms were obtained on bus 27 (channel to transformer BB0047) and managed to reduce power losses to 143 kW.

Cost-optimal as a tool for helping in designing distribution transformer using particle swarm optimization

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 862-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amin Jarrahi ◽  
Emad Roshandel ◽  
Mehdi Allahbakhshi ◽  
Mohammad Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Distribution Transformer ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Initial Cost ◽  
Distribution Transformers

Purpose This paper aims to achieve an optimal design for distribution transformers considering cost and power losses. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used as an optimization tool for minimizing the objective functions of design procedure which are cost and electrical and iron losses. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, distribution transformer losses are considered as operating costs. Also, transformer construction cost which depends on the amount of iron and copper in the structure is assumed as its initial cost. In addition, some other important constraints such as appropriate ranges of transformer efficiency, voltage regulation, temperature rise, no-load current, and winding fill factor are investigated in the design procedure. The PSO algorithm is applied to find optimum amount of needed copper and iron for a typical distribution transformer. Moreover, transformer impedance considered as a constraint to achieve an acceptable voltage regulation in the design process. Findings It is shown that the proposed design procedure provides a simple and effective approach to estimate the flux and current densities for minimizing the active part cost and active power losses which means reduction in amount of transformer total owning cost (TOC). Originality/value The methodology advances a proposal for reducing distribution transformers costs using PSO algorithm. The approach considers the aforementioned constraints and TOC to minimize the active part cost and maximize the efficiency. It is demonstrated that a designed transformer will not be optimum when the transformer losses over years are not considered in design procedure. Finally, the results prove the effectiveness of the proposed procedure in designing cost-effective distribution transformers from its initial cost until its whole life.

scholarly journals Studi Analisa Pengaruh Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) terhadap Rugi-Rugi, Efisiensi, dan Kapasitas Kerja Transformator pada Penyulang Kerobokan

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
I Putu Adi Wirajaya ◽  
I Wayan Rinas ◽  
I Wayan Sukerayasa
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Distribution Transformers ◽  
Direct Measurement Method ◽  
Electrical Loads

Kerobokan feeder supply electrical energy in the area of Kerobokan. This feeder supplies 67 distribution transformers that serve a variety of customers with nonlinier electrical loads. Nonlinier electrical loads cause harmonics which adversely affect customers and power system equipment, especially distribution transformers. In Kerobokan feeder, only 3 (4.5%) of the 67 transformers has THDi content that according with the IEEE 519-2014 standard and 64 (95.5%) of the 67 transformers has a high THDi content and exceed the IEEE 519-2014 standard. For this reason, the power losses, efficiency, and work capacity of the transformer are analyzed due to the effect of THDi. This study uses a direct measurement method in all transformers in the Kerobokan feeder and simulation on the ETAP Powerstation program. The results of the analysis showed that total power losses without being affected by THDi for all transformers were 49.4 kW and after being affected by THDi were 591.71 kW. The highest THDi content is in the KA 0992 transformer is 24.8% which results in an increased in power losses is 12.02 kW or 12.02% of its capacity and a decreased in efficiency is 12.66% and has a decreased in work capacity is 19.9%. While the smallest THDi content is found in the DB 449 transformer is 6.8% which results in an increased in power losses is 2.2 kW or 0.88% of its capacity and a decreased efficiency is 1.01% and has a decreased in work capacity is 2.7%.

scholarly journals Influence of current and temperature on discharge characteristics of electrochemical nickel−cadmium system

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-335
Author(s):  
Andreja Todorovic ◽  
Branimir Grgur ◽  
Jelena Rajovic
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Electromotive Force ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Load Current ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
The Given ◽  
Nickel Cadmium

The paper elaborates determination of characteristic values in the discharging process of non-hermetic nickel-cadmium galvanic battery with nominal voltage Un = 60 V and nominal capacity qn = C5 = 190 Ah and its dependence from current and temperature. Study has been performed with the set of experimental metering of voltages, electromotive force, current from discharge time range and electromotive force in steady state regime before and after battery charging. Electromotive force characteristics are obtained by using the Nernst?s equation, while the least square method was used to determine the average values of internal electrical resistivity, power losses and efficiency level. These results were used in the approximate exponential functions to determine the range dependence of the efficiency level from the internal electrical resistance of discharge current in reliance from the temperature range. Obtained results show that, in accordance to the given voltage variation of 10% Un, this type of battery holds maximal full load current of one hour capacity at the temperature of 25?C and maximal full load current of two hours capacity at the temperature of ?30?C. The methodology used in the case study covers determination of the electromotive force in time range based on the metered results of values during complete battery fullness and emptiness with prior determination of equilibrium constants of galvanic battery reaction through method suggested by the author of this paper. Further process, using the electromotive force values obtained through the aforementioned process, the metered current, and approximate polynomial function of the nominal discharge voltage characteristic determines range of battery internal electric resistance from time, followed by the selection of discharge cases with average values for: voltage, electromotive force, internal electrical resistance, available and utilized power, power losses, and battery efficiency level. An overview of the obtained characteristics for analyzed battery and their comparison with the producers prescribed values and standards led to gaining of the valuable data that show how and in what measure do current and temperature influence the discharge characteristic of non-hermetic nickel-cadmium batteries with an especial observation of internal electrical resistance and battery efficiency level. Obtained results show that electrochemical power sources may provide electric energy with prescribed quality and quantity, with high level of work reliability, as well as with all other positive technical and economic effects within the given current-temperature range.

scholarly journals NALISA SWITCHING SNUBBER AKTIF UNTUK BLOCK KONVERTER DC / DC

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
R. Ahmad Cholilurrahman ◽  
Dodie Indryanto
Keyword(s):  
Buck Converter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Load Current ◽  
Electronic Switching ◽  
Collector Voltage ◽  
Snubber Circuit

Problems using the snubber circuit at switcing electronic in buck converter circuit is to reduced of power losses caused by there is no other walked other dissimilar for the load current of burden of moment of switching of electronic of turn off, so that collector voltage will appear in the collector terminal. As evaluation, power losses at electronic switching of moment of turn off without snubber very big, this matter is happened by because its current descend and its voltage go up. There for need in tide of snubber circuit at switching electronic, because subber circuit give the other dissimilar walked for the current of burden of moment of switching electronic turn off. Result of the end show the power losses at electronic switching with snubber circuit of become minimize, if compare to by a power losses at electronic switching without snubber circuit at the time turn off.

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