Optical metasurfaces for generating and manipulating optical vortex beams

Optical vortices (OVs) carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have attracted considerable interest in the field of optics and photonics owing to their peculiar optical features and extra degree of freedom for carrying information. Although there have been significant efforts to realize OVs using conventional optics, it is limited by large volume, high cost, and lack of design flexibility. Optical metasurfaces have recently attracted tremendous interest due to their unprecedented capability in the manipulation of the amplitude, phase, polarization, and frequency of light at a subwavelength scale. Optical metasurfaces have revolutionized design concepts in photonics, providing a new platform to develop ultrathin optical devices for the realization of OVs at subwavelength resolution. In this article, we will review the recent progress in optical metasurface-based OVs. We provide a comprehensive discussion on the optical manipulation of OVs, including OAM superposition, OAM sorting, OAM multiplexing, OAM holography, and nonlinear metasurfaces for OAM generation and manipulation. The rapid development of metasurface for OVs generation and manipulation will play an important role in many relevant research fields. We expect that metasurface will fuel the continuous progress of wearable and portable consumer electronics and optics where low-cost and miniaturized OAM related systems are in high demand.

Molecular Advances in Hypertension and Blood

Hematopoietic cells and their microvesicles have recently emerged as novel markers of cardiovascular risk. The crosstalk between these vesicles and endothelial dysfunction or vascular damage is a field of continuous progress. Additionally, thromboinflammation represents an emerging concept in cardiovascular diseases. In hypertension, the role of signaling pathways in hypertension remains also under investigation. Realizing the unmet needs of increased awareness of treating physicians and active researchers in this complex setting, we launched our Special Issue on “Molecular Advances in Hypertension and Blood”. Our issue has addressed both sides of the coin by publishing four articles that are summarized in this editorial. Firstly, we published an experimental study providing evidence that certain molecular pathways may be involved in myocardial remodeling in the settings of arterial hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Secondly, an in vitro study revealed a novel immune-modulatory effect of Ticagrelor, which is widely used in patients with hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Thirdly, another translational study assessed endothelial injury and pro-coagulant activity using circulating microvesicles in survivors of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, compared to a control population matched for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Lastly, a review article delineated the role of Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.

The loss of geological memory of past catastrophes: the case of Pompeii

In 79 A.D. Vesuvius buried entire cities in a few days under a blanket of pumice and ashes. It was a sudden event, which occurred after centuries of inactivity, heralded only by earthquakes that repeated periodically, for many years, creating addiction rather than alarm. After the event, the vegetation covered the volcanic products, and the memory of the disaster was lost. The first excavations began in Herculaneum in 1738 and in Pompeii ten years later, in times when archeology still did not exist. Much was destroyed, given away, thrown away. Almost intact buildings emerged, with all their contents, with many inhabitants caught on the run. The arduous process of recovering the sites has had important and not always happy stages, accompanied by continuous progress in the excavation methods. Volcanology has drawn from those experiences as much as it could, setting itself the goal of reconstructing the story of an explosive eruption, the first in the world to be described, by Pliny the Younger, the one that most left its mark on buildings, vegetation, animals and humans. Without the eruption, Pompeii and Herculaneum would have disappeared. The details on how the romans lost their lives in the tragedy is an important component to be offered to Pompeii’s visitors and that is at present largely imperfect. Knowing it and reconstructing its impact on people and the territory, going beyond the archaeological site, is an experience of the past and a warning for today and for the future.

Application of Rotating Machinery Fault Diagnosis Based on Deep Learning

With the continuous progress of modern industry, rotating machinery is gradually developing toward complexity and intelligence. The fault diagnosis technology of rotating machinery is one of the key means to ensure the normal operation of equipment and safe production, which has very important significance. Deep learning is a useful tool for analyzing and processing big data, which has been widely used in various fields. After a brief review of early fault diagnosis methods, this paper focuses on the method models that are widely used in deep learning: deep belief networks (DBN), autoencoders (AE), convolutional neural networks (CNN), recurrent neural networks (RNN), generative adversarial networks (GAN), and transfer learning methods are summarized from the two aspects of principle and application in the field of fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. Then, the commonly used evaluation indicators used to evaluate the performance of rotating machinery fault diagnosis methods are summarized. Finally, according to the current research status in the field of rotating machinery fault diagnosis, the current problems and possible future development and research trends are discussed.

The changes of Chinese women in social economy

Under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, generation after generation of women have made pioneering efforts and contributed to China's construction, reform and development. In the great leap of the Chinese nation from standing up, becoming rich to becoming strong, great changes have taken place in the status of Chinese women. On the one hand, the old feudal ideas are gradually broken down and new education and ideas are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. On the other hand, economic development also needs and relies on the wisdom and strength of women to make continuous progress. Starting from the demographic indicators, this paper makes a gradual and progressive analysis of health and education. Finally, combining with the relevant contents of the female employment index report, this paper makes a prospect and puts forward some suggestions to promote the further development of the equal rights movement and women's cause.

CURRENT PERSPECTIVES OF DNA BARCODING IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA THROUGH BOLD DATABASE

UDK: 577.212:574]:007.5(497.6) DNA barcoding is a method designed to provide rapid and precise species identifications by using one or more of short gene sequences called barcodes. In most plant and fungi studies, the standard barcodes of choice are three plastid (rbcL, matK and trnH-psbA) and one nuclear (ITS) gene regions. The relatively high, but comparatively conserved rate of sequence evolution of mtDNA has made COI the marker of choice in animals. BOLD is a freely available cloud-based data storage and analysis platform developed with the aim to advance biodiversity science through DNA barcoding species identification. To date, over 6 million barcodes have been deposited in BOLD with 196,000 animal species, 68,000 plant species and 22,000 species of fungi and other organism entries. In this database, there are currently 447 entries for organisms from Bosnia and Herzegovina, which makes 0.0067% of the total number of BOLD entries. According to BOLD statistics, only 1.11% of all organism entries from B&H were submitted by B&H institutions. Despite the fact that Bosnia and Herzegovina has valuable natural resources with a high percentage of endemic and autochthonous species, BOLD statistics elucidated the lack of coordinated and systematic DNA barcoding research so far. It is necessary to establish continuous progress of molecular-genetic characterization of these resources in the future. It is up to B&H institutions to decide if they want to continue the practice of submitting the data sporadically or if they will animate the research community to actively participate in this global project.

Analysis of the Superiority of Flexible Construction

With the continuous development of the times and the continuous progress of science and technology, intelligent robots, big data, artificial intelligence, and other technologies are gradually emerging in the construction industry. Building construction inevitably needs new blood to solve current problems under the tide of information age. Intelligent building has become a necessary way for building development. At present, in the field of intelligent construction, research and theory in various directions have developed to varying degrees. Through the analysis of existing theories, this paper sorts out the theoretical framework and core logic of intelligent construction, and looks forward to the development trend of intelligent construction in the future.

Pendampingan Tata Kelola Keuangan Badan Usaha Milik Desa

The main problem in managing village-owned enterprises (known as BUMDes) is the sustainability of economic enterprises after BUMDes is formed. Many BUMDes are then inactive after being formed due to problems in their management. Problems with procedures in financial management are indicated as the main factor causing problems in the management of BUMDes in addition to other factors such as the limited ability of BUMDes managers and lack of supervisory functions. Most BUMDes managers have limited knowledge, understanding, and abilities in administering and reporting business finances. This condition will certainly be an obstacle to business continuity and the continuous progress of BUMDes as a productive economic business in the village which is expected to support the welfare of the village community. This partnership community service activity is carried out through a pattern of mentoring assistance to BUMDes managers in Peteluan Indah Village who are still experiencing problems in administering and reporting BUMDes finances due to limited knowledge and human resource capabilities of BUMDes managers. This assistance activity is carried out through an evaluation of the institutional aspects, business management and financial management of BUMDes. The results of this mentoring activity provide a strengthening of the organizational structure related to the duties, functions and authorities of BUMDes managers, advisors and supervisors. From the aspect of business management, this activity can direct the management of existing BUMDes businesses and identify other economic business opportunities according to the superior potential of the village. From the aspect of financial governance, this mentoring activity can evaluate weaknesses and problems in the pattern of financial management through financial administration and reporting that are needed to support financial accountability and transparency to realize best practices in BUMDes financial governance.

Primary Cell Wall Modifying Proteins Regulate Wall Mechanics to Steer Plant Morphogenesis

Plant morphogenesis involves multiple biochemical and physical processes inside the cell wall. With the continuous progress in biomechanics field, extensive studies have elucidated that mechanical forces may be the most direct physical signals that control the morphology of cells and organs. The extensibility of the cell wall is the main restrictive parameter of cell expansion. The control of cell wall mechanical properties largely determines plant cell morphogenesis. Here, we summarize how cell wall modifying proteins modulate the mechanical properties of cell walls and consequently influence plant morphogenesis.

Current Situation and Development Trend of Urban Traffic Engineering Management

With the continuous progress of social civilization and the development of the times, the industrial economy and people's living conditions in various regions of China have changed with each passing day in recent years. Relevant state departments have also paid more attention to the transportation industry. As the core of economic development, urban transportation projects are more complex than those in township areas and have higher requirements for managers. With the improvement of people's quality of life, the modes of transportation have become diverse. To ensure that all parts of the city can be carried out in an orderly manner and provide people with more unobstructed transportation facilities, we should constantly keep up with the pace of development of the times and improve the urban traffic engineering management. In this paper, the author mainly analyzes the current situation of urban traffic engineering management, and puts forward a series of effective measures to promote the development of urban traffic management.