The Potential Role of Phytochemical in Establishing Prophylactic Measurements Against Neurological Diseases

Abstract: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) are relatively easy to isolate from exfoliated deciduous teeth, which are obtained via dental therapy as biological waste. SHEDs originate from the embryonic neural crest and therefore have considerable potential for neurogenic differentiation. Currently, an increasing amount of research attention is focused on the therapeutic applications of SHEDs in neurological diseases and injuries. In this article, we summarize the biological characteristics of SHEDs and the potential role of SHEDs and their derivatives, including conditioned medium from SHEDs and the exosomes they secrete, in the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases and injuries.

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Metabolomic Identification of Exosome-Derived Biomarkers for Schizophrenia: A Large Multicenter Study

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbaa166 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yang Du ◽

Lei Chen ◽

Xue-Song Li ◽

Xiao-Lin Li ◽

Xiang-Dong Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Potential Role ◽

Neurological Diseases ◽

Bioinformatic Analysis ◽

Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Training Samples ◽

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽

Test Sets ◽

And Control ◽

Metabolomic Study

Abstract Exosomes have been suggested as promising targets for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases, including schizophrenia (SCZ), but the potential role of exosome-derived metabolites in these diseases was rarely studied. Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we performed the first metabolomic study of serum-derived exosomes from patients with SCZ. Our sample comprised 385 patients and 332 healthy controls recruited from 3 clinical centers and 4 independent cohorts. We identified 25 perturbed metabolites in patients that can be used to classify samples from patients and control participants with 95.7% accuracy (95% CI: 92.6%–98.9%) in the training samples (78 patients and 66 controls). These metabolites also showed good to excellent performance in differentiating between patients and controls in the 3 test sets of participants, with accuracies 91.0% (95% CI: 85.7%–96.3%; 107 patients and 62 controls), 82.7% (95% CI: 77.6%–87.9%; 104 patients and 142 controls), and 99.0% (95% CI: 97.7%–100%; 96 patients and 62 controls), respectively. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that these metabolites were enriched in pathways implicated in SCZ, such as glycerophospholipid metabolism. Taken together, our findings support a role for exosomal metabolite dysregulation in the pathophysiology of SCZ and indicate a strong potential for exosome-derived metabolites to inform the diagnosis of SCZ.

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Activity and Function of the PRMT8 Protein Arginine Methyltransferase in Neurons

Life ◽

10.3390/life11111132 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1132

Author(s):

Rui Dong ◽

Xuejun Li ◽

Kwok-On Lai

Keyword(s):

Potential Role ◽

Neurological Diseases ◽

Structural Features ◽

Protein Arginine Methyltransferases ◽

Synapse Maturation ◽

Membrane Bound ◽

And Function ◽

Neuronal Functions ◽

Mammalian Protein

Among the nine mammalian protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), PRMT8 is unusual because it has restricted expression in the nervous system and is the only membrane-bound PRMT. Emerging studies have demonstrated that this enzyme plays multifaceted roles in diverse processes in neurons. Here we will summarize the unique structural features of PRMT8 and describe how it participates in various neuronal functions such as dendritic growth, synapse maturation, and synaptic plasticity. Recent evidence suggesting the potential role of PRMT8 function in neurological diseases will also be discussed.

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Human Herpesvirus 6 and Neuroinflammation

ISRN Virology ◽

10.5402/2013/834890 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Joséphine M. Reynaud ◽

Branka Horvat

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Potential Role ◽

Neurological Diseases ◽

Human Herpesvirus ◽

Neurological Complications ◽

Human Herpesvirus 6 ◽

Proinflammatory Responses ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Infected Cells

Human herpesvirus (HHV-) 6A and HHV-6B are two distinct β-herpesviruses which have been associated with various neurological diseases, including encephalitis, meningitis, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis. Although the reactivation of both viruses is recognized as the cause of some neurological complications in conditions of immunosuppression, their involvement in neuroinflammatory diseases in immunocompetent people is still unclear, and the mechanisms involved have not been completely elucidated. Here, we review the available data providing evidence for the capacity of HHV-6A and -6B to infect the central nervous system and to induce proinflammatory responses by infected cells. We discuss the potential role of both viruses in neuroinflammatory pathologies and the mechanisms which could explain virus-induced neuropathogenesis.

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Absence of pathogenic Short Tandem Repeat expansions in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus disease-associated genes

10.1101/729467 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Audrey Lee ◽

Vicky Cho ◽

T. Daniel Andrews

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Tandem Repeat ◽

Huntington Disease ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Potential Role ◽

Neurological Diseases ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Computational Tools ◽

Short Tandem

AbstractShort tandem repeat (STR) expansions have been shown to be pathogenic in human neurological diseases, such as Huntington disease. Yet, the potential role of STRs in non-neurological diseases has yet to be fully investigated. In this study, the potential role of STR expansions in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was investigated using patient genomic data and two computational tools, HipSTR and exSTRa. The length variability of STRs in 76 SLE-associated genes was compared using exome data from 271 SLE affected individuals and 158 of their unaffected relatives. We conclude that no large STR expansions associated with SLE were present in these affected individuals within the 76 genes investigated. Lack of evidence does not negate a pathogenic role for STR expansions in SLE, yet given the number of individuals included in this study, we expect that this is not a common source of pathogenesis in SLE.Significance statementThe increasing availability and decreasing cost of sequencing genomes lends itself to computational analysis, extracting information to aid diagnosis, guide treatment or discover disease mechanisms and new treatments. Computational tools have been developed to look for various types of mutations, including short tandem repeats (STRs), which has been shown to cause diseases such as Huntington disease. Limited research on the possible role of STR expansions in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been done. Here we use computational tools to compare the length of STRs in 76 SLE-associated genes in patients and their unaffected relatives. Our results did not identify any large STR expansions associated with SLE, and further research is required to gain a better understanding of this complex disease.

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Potential role of dengue virus, chikungunya virus and Zika virus in neurological diseases

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz ◽

10.1590/0074-02760170538 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 113 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Marcelo Adriano da Cunha e Silva Vieira ◽

Carlos Henrique Nery Costa ◽

Alexandre da Costa Linhares ◽

Amariles de Sousa Borba ◽

Daniele Freitas Henriques ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dengue Virus ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Chikungunya Virus ◽

Potential Role ◽

Neurological Diseases

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The Potential Role of Dysfunctions in Neuron-Microglia Communication in the Pathogenesis of Brain Disorders

Current Neuropharmacology ◽

10.2174/1570159x17666191113101629 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 408-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Katarzyna Chamera ◽

Ewa Trojan ◽

Magdalena Szuster-Głuszczak ◽

Agnieszka Basta-Kaim

Keyword(s):

Potential Role ◽

Neurological Diseases ◽

Receptor Signalling ◽

Bidirectional Communication ◽

Key Factor ◽

Specific Localization ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Cell Type Specific ◽

Clusters Of Differentiation

: The bidirectional communication between neurons and microglia is fundamental for the proper functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). Chemokines and clusters of differentiation (CD) along with their receptors represent ligand-receptor signalling that is uniquely important for neuron – microglia communication. Among these molecules, CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and CD200 (OX-2 membrane glycoprotein) come to the fore because of their cell-type-specific localization. They are principally expressed by neurons when their receptors, CX3CR1 and CD200R, respectively, are predominantly present on the microglia, resulting in the specific axis which maintains the CNS homeostasis. Disruptions to this balance are suggested as contributors or even the basis for many neurological diseases. : In this review, we discuss the roles of CX3CL1, CD200 and their receptors in both physiological and pathological processes within the CNS. We want to underline the critical involvement of these molecules in controlling neuron – microglia communication, noting that dysfunctions in their interactions constitute a key factor in severe neurological diseases, such as schizophrenia, depression and neurodegeneration-based conditions.

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POPDC proteins and cardiac function

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst20190249 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 1393-1404 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Thomas Brand

Keyword(s):

Potential Role ◽

Striated Muscle ◽

Short Review ◽

Effector Proteins ◽

Muscle Disease ◽

Disease Genes ◽

Protein Protein Interaction ◽

Interaction Partners ◽

And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

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