Predicting Impacts of Land Use and Climate Change on Erosion and Sediment Yield in River Basins Using SHETRAN

2011 ◽  
pp. 263-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Bathurst
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
River Basins

scholarly journals Effect of Land Use Land Cover and Climate Change on River Flow and Soil Loss in Didessa River Basin, South West Blue Nile, Ethiopia

Hydrology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinati Chimdessa ◽  
Shoeb Quraishi ◽  
Asfaw Kebede ◽  
Tena Alamirew
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Losses

In the Didessa river basin, which is found in Ethiopia, the human population number is increasing at an alarming rate. The conversion of forests, shrub and grasslands into cropland has increased in parallel with the population increase. The land use/land cover change (LULCC) that has been undertaken in the river basin combined with climate change may have affected the Didessa river flow and soil loss. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the impact of LULCC on the Didessa river flow and soil loss under historical and future climates. Land use/land cover (LULC) of the years 1986, 2001 and 2015 were independently combined with the historical climate to assess their individual impacts on river flow and soil loss. Further, the impact of future climates under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) scenarios on river flow and soil loss was assessed by combining the pathways with the 2015 LULC. A physically based Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT2012) model in the ArcGIS 10.4.1 interface was used to realize the purpose. Results of the study revealed that LULCC that occurred between 1986 and 2015 resulted in increased average sediment yield by 20.9 t ha−1 yr−1. Climate change under RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 combined with 2015 LULC increased annual average soil losses by 31.3, 50.9 and 83.5 t ha−1 yr−1 compared with the 2015 LULC under historical climate data. It was also found that 13.4%, 47.1% and 87.0% of the total area may experience high soil loss under RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. Annual soil losses of five top-priority sub catchments range from 62.8 to 57.7 per hectare. Nash Stuncliffe Simulation efficiency (NSE) and R2 values during model calibration and validation indicated good agreement between observed and simulated values both for flow and sediment yield.

CLIMATE- AND LAND USE-INDUCED RISKS TO WATERSHED SERVICES IN THE NYANDO RIVER BASIN, KENYA

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
MWANGI GATHENYA ◽  
HOSEA MWANGI ◽  
RICHARD COE ◽  
JOSEPH SANG
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Watershed Services

SUMMARYClimate change and land use change are two forces influencing the hydrology of watersheds and their ability to provide ecosystem services, such as clean and well-regulated streamflow and control of soil erosion and sediment yield. The Soil Water Assessment Tool, SWAT, a distributed, watershed-scale hydrological model was used with 18 scenarios of rainfall, temperature and infiltration capacity of land surface to investigate the spatial distribution of watershed services over the 3587 km2 Nyando basin in Western Kenya and how it is affected by these two forces. The total annual water yield varied over the 50 sub-basins from 35 to 600 mm while the annual sediment yield ranged from 0 to 104 tons ha−1. Temperature change had a relatively minor effect on streamflow and sediment yield compared to change in rainfall and land surface condition. Improvements in land surface condition that result in higher infiltration are an effective adaptation strategy to moderate the effects of climate change on supply of watershed services. Spatial heterogeneity in response to climate and land use change is large, and hence it is necessary to understand it if interventions to modify hydrology or adapt to climate change are to be effective.

scholarly journals A New Indicator to Better Represent the Impact of Landscape Pattern Change on Basin Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield in the Upper Reach of Ganjiang, China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 990
Author(s):  
Yongfen Zhang ◽  
Nong Wang ◽  
Chongjun Tang ◽  
Shiqiang Zhang ◽  
Yuejun Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Landscape Pattern ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Soil Erodibility ◽  
Land Use Pattern

Landscape patterns are a result of the combined action of natural and social factors. Quantifying the relationships between landscape pattern changes, soil erosion, and sediment yield in river basins can provide regulators with a foundation for decision-making. Many studies have investigated how land-use changes and the resulting landscape patterns affect soil erosion in river basins. However, studies examining the effects of terrain, rainfall, soil erodibility, and vegetation cover factors on soil erosion and sediment yield from a landscape pattern perspective remain limited. In this paper, the upper Ganjiang Basin was used as the study area, and the amount of soil erosion and the amount of sediment yield in this basin were first simulated using a hydrological model. The simulated values were then validated. On this basis, new landscape metrics were established through the addition of factors from the revised universal soil loss equation to the land-use pattern. Five combinations of landscape metrics were chosen, and the interactions between the landscape metrics in each combination and their effects on soil erosion and sediment yield in the river basin were examined. The results showed that there were highly similar correlations between the area metrics, between the fragmentation metrics, between the spatial structure metrics, and between the evenness metrics across all the combinations, while the correlations between the shape metrics in Combination 1 (only land use in each year) differed notably from those in the other combinations. The new landscape indicator established based on Combination 4, which integrated the land-use pattern and the terrain, soil erodibility, and rainfall erosivity factors, were the most significantly correlated with the soil erosion and sediment yield of the river basin. Finally, partial least-squares regression models for the soil erosion and sediment yield of the river basin were established based on the five landscape metrics with the highest variable importance in projection scores selected from Combination 4. The results of this study provide a simple approach for quantitatively assessing soil erosion in other river basins for which detailed observation data are lacking.

Modeling the changing sediment yield of the Amazon under climate change and deforestation scenarios and the possible impacts on the Guiana coast

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safaa Naffaa ◽  
L.P.H. (Rens) van Beek ◽  
Frances E.Dunn ◽  
Steven de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Trapping Efficiency ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Land Cover Changes

<p>The Amazon River is an important source of the sediment that is transported and accumulated along the coast of Suriname. As such it is an important factor in maintaining the coastline as this sediment is deposited in mud banks that move towards the shore and coalesce with it, thus preventing coastal erosion. Accordingly, a steady and adequate supply of sediment from the Amazon river is required especially considering increased coastal erosion rates that may occur as a result of rising sea levels due to climate change. Yet at the same time, climate change may alter the hydrological regime of the Amazon and influence its transport capacity, affecting sediment transport to the mouth and coast. Furthermore, the sediment supply to the river may be altered as a result of land cover changes and other anthropogenic activities, including deforestation and sediment trapping in existing and future planned reservoirs.<br>Studying the transport of sediment from source to sink and quantifying how future changes affect the mean rate of sediment supply to the Surinam coast and its variability will lead to a better understanding of the intricacies involved. We use a spatial-temporal process-based model together with a set of plausible scenarios of future change based on combinations of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) and the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP). In this study, we used two models: PCRGLOB-Set and PCRGLOB-WB. PCRGLOB-SET is based on the RUSLE equation and is used to assess the local sediment supply including the effects of land cover changes. PCRGLOB-WB simulates hydrological responses and changes under climate and land-use change. Moreover, PCRGLOB-WB is used to determine the trapping efficiency of reservoirs. The PCRGLOB-WB model was applied to a business-as-usual scenario for the 21st century (SSP 2 with RCP 6.0) and we considered uncertainty in the projected climate by using 5 Global Climate Models (GCMs). We apply the model to different future scenarios considering climate, socioeconomic and land-use change. For validation, the observations of six stations along the Amazon river were compared to the estimations of the models for the historical period (1971-2010), which also serves as a reference run to evaluate changes in sediment production and sediment yield. </p>

scholarly journals The impact of land use and climate change on late Holocene and future suspended sediment yield of the Meuse catchment

Geomorphology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Ward ◽  
Ronald T. van Balen ◽  
Gert Verstraeten ◽  
Hans Renssen ◽  
Jef Vandenberghe
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Suspended Sediment Yield ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Climate change, vegetation restoration and engineering as a 1:2:1 explanation for reduction of suspended sediment in southwest China

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 12417-12451 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Ma ◽  
X. Lu ◽  
M. van Noordwijk ◽  
J. Xu ◽  
J. Li
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
River Channel ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract. Suspended sediment transport in rivers is controlled by terrain, climate and human activities. These variables affect hillslope and riverbank erosion at the source, transport velocities and sedimentation opportunities in the river channel, and entrapment in reservoirs. The relative importance of those factors varies with context but correct attribution is important for policy debates. We analyzed data from the Kejie watershed in the upper Salween, where a combination of land cover change (reforestation, soil and water conservation measures) and river channel engineering (sand mining and check dam construction) interact with a changing climate. Long-term records (1971–2010) of river flow and suspended sediment loads were combined with five land use maps from 1974, 1991, 2001, 2006 and 2009. Average annual sediment yield decreased from 13.7 t ha−1 yr−1 to 8.3 t ha−1 yr−1 between the 1971–1985 and 1986–2010. A distributed hydrological model (Soil and Water Assessment Tools, SWAT) was set up to simulate the sediment sourcing and transport process. By recombining land use and climate data for the two periods in model scenarios, the contribution of these two factors could be assessed with engineering effects derived from residual measured minus modeled transport. Overall 46% of the decrease was due to from land use and land cover change, 25% to climate change to a milder rainfall regime, 25% to engineering measures, and 4% to simulation bias. Mean annual suspended sediment yield decreased exponentially with the increase of forest cover. We discuss the implications for future soil and water conservation initiatives in China.

Innovative approaches to risk management in nature and land use and their optimization

2019 ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
Eduard Dehodyuk ◽  
Stanislav Dehodyuk ◽  
Natalya Buslaeva
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Small River ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Land Relations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Water Ecosystems ◽  
Innovative Approaches

Subject of research-theoretical and practical justification of risk managementfor climate change based on basin approach. The purpose of the article is to establish ecological equilibrium in the basins of small rivers of Ukraine through asystematic approach to the complex carrying out of nature-related works, agro-,chemo-, bio- and phyto-melioration in the small rivers basins. Methodology of work- system-structural and comparative analysis (for the definition of innovative approaches in environmental protection) as a landfill (in the determined cost of landfor optimizing land relations). Modeling and forecasting for risks reduction innature land use. The results of the work - degradation processes in the groundand water ecosystems of the basins of small rivers are considered. It is proposedto change the priorities in landscape studies by adopting the main taxonomic unitof any landscape of the small river basin instead of the abstract general principle“nature-territorial complex (PTC)”. A space-regulatory mechanism for the implementation of V.I. Vernadsky’s idea of Noosphere in the terrestrial ecosystems wasdeveloped. The sequence of ecologically-technogenic transformations of degradedsmall river basins in ecologically balanced ecosystems by means of restoration workswithout violating the basis of erosion and providing biocenosis of the self-healingmomentum has been determined. The system approach to the problem is to develop and adopt the laws of Ukraine on the restoration of small river basins, theircertification, land relations in the process of restorative works, and the increaseof natural biodiversity. Ways to overcome the risks of climate change are consistent implementation of the proposed programs. Conclusions-based on the resultsof the study, the lack of a scientifically grounded mechanism for overcomingdegradation processes in the basins of small rivers both in Ukraine and the international community and overcoming the risks to society for climate change in thepost-Holocene period was established. Proposed laws of Ukraine are proposed thatwill ensure the establishment of ecological balance in agro-and biogeocenosis forconducting relevant works in the basins of small rivers.

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