scholarly journals Advanced In Vitro Lung Models for Drug and Toxicity Screening: The Promising Role of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 2101139
Author(s):  
Anabela Moreira ◽  
Michelle Müller ◽  
Pedro F. Costa ◽  
Yvonne Kohl
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Toxicity Screening ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

scholarly journals Comparison analysis of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin induced Autophagy mechanisms in Macrophages Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and THP-1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyi Zhu ◽  
Danping Hong ◽  
Ouyang Li ◽  
Ahmed Salah Hassan ◽  
Yanqin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Submicroscopic Structure ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health problem and the leading cause of mortality by a single infectious agent. TB is a chronic infectious disease that is primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Macrophage (Mφ) are the main hosts of Mtb, the interaction between Mtb and Mφ plays an important role in the pathogenesis of TB.Summary The macrophages used in the current study are mostly derived from tumor cell lines or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), but the application of such cells still have many problems needed to be sloved, such as the loss of function due to changes in genetic structure and the difficulty in cell acquisition. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPS) represent an innovative source for the standardized in vitro generation of Mφ, and show novel promise in exploring disease pathogenesis, particularly TB. Current studies have revealed that autophagy plays a central role in the interaction between Mtb and Mφ, but the molecular mechanism involoved remains unclear and the exact role of hiPS-derived macrophages (hiPS-Mφ) in regulating autophagy induced by Mtb also remains unclear. To investigate the similarities and differences in hiPS-Mφ and THP-1-Mφ in anti-tuberculosis immunity, this study successfully obtained macrophages derived from hiPS and THP-1, then explored the mechanism behind Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-induced autophagy through transcriptome sequencing analysis, qPCR, Western Blot Analysis and cell submicroscopic structure observation etc.. Our findings revealed that BCG infection of hiPS-Mφ and THP-1-Mφ would promote autophagy by regulating the expression of autophagy-related genes, which also indicated that the BCG-induced autophagy in hiPS-Mφ and THP-1-Mφ may be associated with PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. However, there are some differences in the mechanism by which BCG infects macrophages from different sources and induces autophagy. Considering the above findings, we have provided novel insights into the role of macrophages along with autophagy in the anti-tuberculosis immune mechanism and the possibility of establishing an in vitro hiPS-Mφ-TB disease model.

scholarly journals Utilising Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Neurodegenerative Disease Research: Focus on Glia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4334
Author(s):  
Katrina Albert ◽  
Jonna Niskanen ◽  
Sara Kälvälä ◽  
Šárka Lehtonen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Human Ipscs ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a self-renewable pool of cells derived from an organism’s somatic cells. These can then be programmed to other cell types, including neurons. Use of iPSCs in research has been two-fold as they have been used for human disease modelling as well as for the possibility to generate new therapies. Particularly in complex human diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, iPSCs can give advantages over traditional animal models in that they more accurately represent the human genome. Additionally, patient-derived cells can be modified using gene editing technology and further transplanted to the brain. Glial cells have recently become important avenues of research in the field of neurodegenerative diseases, for example, in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. This review focuses on using glial cells (astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes) derived from human iPSCs in order to give a better understanding of how these cells contribute to neurodegenerative disease pathology. Using glia iPSCs in in vitro cell culture, cerebral organoids, and intracranial transplantation may give us future insight into both more accurate models and disease-modifying therapies.

In vitro propagation and cardiac differentiation of canine induced pluripotent stem cells on carbon nanotube substrates

2021 ◽  
pp. 101571
Author(s):  
Mahalakshmi Natarajan ◽  
Purnima Singh ◽  
Tanmay Mondal ◽  
Kuldeep Kumar ◽  
Kinsuk Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Cardiac Differentiation ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Neurons Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells of Patients with Down Syndrome Reproduce Early Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease Type Pathology in vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 835-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdem B. Dashinimaev ◽  
Alexander S. Artyuhov ◽  
Alexey P. Bolshakov ◽  
Ekaterina A. Vorotelyak ◽  
Andrey V. Vasiliev
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Disease Type ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Induced Pluripotent
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