scholarly journals Advanced Materials and Cellular Systems for Disease Diagnosis and Tissue Regeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (44) ◽  
pp. 2005693
Author(s):  
Dimitrios I. Zeugolis
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Advanced Materials

scholarly journals Application of Stem Cells and Advanced Materials in Nerve Tissue Regeneration

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaqiong Li ◽  
Adam Qingsong Ye ◽  
Ming Su
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Nerve Tissue

scholarly journals Therapeutic Nanomaterials for Neurological Diseases and Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Kankai Wang ◽  
Xiaohong Zhu ◽  
Enxing Yu ◽  
Priyanka Desai ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Functionalized Nanomaterials ◽  
Drug And Gene Delivery

In the recent decade, nanomedicine and nanotechnology have been broadly developed leading to a significant advancement in biomedical research as well as clinical practices. The application of several functionalized nanomaterials on the molecular and cellular levels has yielded a lot of promising progresses in various fields of regenerative medicine including disease diagnosis, combinational cell therapy, tissue engineering, and drug and gene delivery. In this review, we will summarize the recent approaches of nanoscale materials utilized in neurological diseases and cancer therapy, with highlights on the most current findings and future prospects of diverse biomedical nanomaterials for tissue regeneration, drug innovations, and the synthesis of delivery system.

Applications of nanobioceramics to healthcare technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Feng ◽  
Eng San Thian
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Healthcare Industry ◽  
Chemical Similarity ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Biological Solutions

AbstractThe development of functional, biological solutions to repair or replace damaged tissues and organs is the goal of tissue engineering. This involves an interplay of cells, scaffolds and biomolecules that would generate a favourable response when implanted into patients, thus restoring functions lost or impaired due to injuries or diseases. Advances in nanotechnology have enabled the design and fabrication of novel materials at the nanometre scale. Hailed as the next generation of advanced materials, nanomaterials possess advantages of being biochemically and nanostructurally similar to that of physiological tissues. Moreover, nanotopological cues are incorporated, ensuring appropriate cellular responses, thereby enhancing the success of tissue regeneration. Nanobioceramics play a crucial role in bone tissue engineering due to its close chemical similarity to physiological bone and excellent biocompatibility. In addition, nanoscale engineering of these materials has the ability to enhance mechanical and biological properties. This review will begin with an introduction to nanomaterials and its associated considerations that should be taken into account. Next, the role of nanobioceramics achieving these considerations will be discussed. An overview of the current form of nanobioceramics being developed will be provided, concluding with an outlook of nanobioceramics for the healthcare industry.

scholarly journals Sinking Our Teeth in Getting Dental Stem Cells to Clinics for Bone Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6387
Author(s):  
Sarah Hani Shoushrah ◽  
Janis Lisa Transfeld ◽  
Christian Horst Tonk ◽  
Dominik Büchner ◽  
Steffen Witzleben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Dental Stem Cells ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Dental Tissues

Dental stem cells have been isolated from the medical waste of various dental tissues. They have been characterized by numerous markers, which are evaluated herein and differentiated into multiple cell types. They can also be used to generate cell lines and iPSCs for long-term in vitro research. Methods for utilizing these stem cells including cellular systems such as organoids or cell sheets, cell-free systems such as exosomes, and scaffold-based approaches with and without drug release concepts are reported in this review and presented with new pictures for clarification. These in vitro applications can be deployed in disease modeling and subsequent pharmaceutical research and also pave the way for tissue regeneration. The main focus herein is on the potential of dental stem cells for hard tissue regeneration, especially bone, by evaluating their potential for osteogenesis and angiogenesis, and the regulation of these two processes by growth factors and environmental stimulators. Current in vitro and in vivo publications show numerous benefits of using dental stem cells for research purposes and hard tissue regeneration. However, only a few clinical trials currently exist. The goal of this review is to pinpoint this imbalance and encourage scientists to pick up this research and proceed one step further to translation.

Chemically Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Label for Immunoassay

2011 ◽  
Vol 1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyabeba Abera ◽  
Jin-Woo Choi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Detection Mechanism ◽  
Functionalized Carbon Nanotube

ABSTRACTA recent approach in disease diagnosis and viral epidemics is aimed at point-of-care tests that could be administered near the patient rather than time-consuming processes involving centralized laboratories. Point-of-care devices provide rapid results in simple and low-cost manner requiring only small sample volumes. These devices will strongly benefit from advanced materials and fabrication methods to improve their efficiency and sensitivity. We report a functionalized carbon nanotube label for an immunosensor application. Carbon nanotube label was prepared by modifying the carbon nanotube surface to anchor biomolecules. First, the carboxylic acid treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were uniformly dispersed with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) by sonication in aqueous solution. PVP partially wraps around the carbon nanotubes and exposes the surface of the nanotubes for further functionalization. The MWCNTs were then conjugated with human immunoglobulin G (IgG) using EDC/Sulfo-NHS coupling chemistry, where the antibodies occupied sites not covered by PVP. The dispersion, surfactant modification, and antibody conjugation of the MWCNTs were also confirmed using SEM and TEM images. The successful functionalization of the MWCNTs and reactivity of the covalent attached antibodies were demonstrated for specific antigen binding on the microelectrode device. The carbon nanotube-based detection mechanism could be tailored for screening various analyte specific molecules. Furthermore, the reported technique could easily be integrated in various microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip devices for the development of functional electronic sensors providing quantitative, sensitive, and low-cost detection in pointof- care setup.

Use of TEM in Plant Disease Diagnosis: A Xylem-Limited Bacterium Associated with Diseased ‘Toronto’ Creeping Bentgrass

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 414-415
Author(s):  
Karen K. Baker ◽  
David L. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Plant Disease Diagnosis

Plant disease diagnosis is most often accomplished by examination of symptoms and observation or isolation of causal organisms. Occasionally, diseases of unknown etiology occur and are difficult or impossible to accurately diagnose by the usual means. In 1980, such a disease was observed on Agrostis palustris Huds. c.v. Toronto (creeping bentgrass) putting greens at the Butler National Golf Course in Oak Brook, IL.The wilting symptoms of the disease and the irregular nature of its spread through affected areas suggested that an infectious agent was involved. However, normal isolation procedures did not yield any organism known to infect turf grass. TEM was employed in order to aid in the possible diagnosis of the disease.Crown, root and leaf tissue of both infected and symptomless plants were fixed in cold 5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, post-fixed in buffered 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in ethanol and embedded in a 1:1 mixture of Spurrs and epon-araldite epoxy resins.

Biomimetic materials: An introduction

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1020-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sarikaya ◽  
J. T. Staley ◽  
I. A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Structural Control ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Spider Webs ◽  
Biomimetic Materials ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
All Ceramic

Biomimetics is an area of research in which the analysis of structures and functions of natural materials provide a source of inspiration for design and processing concepts for novel synthetic materials. Through biomimetics, it may be possible to establish structural control on a continuous length scale, resulting in superior structures able to withstand the requirements placed upon advanced materials. It is well recognized that biological systems efficiently produce complex and hierarchical structures on the molecular, micrometer, and macro scales with unique properties, and with greater structural control than is possible with synthetic materials. The dynamism of these systems allows the collection and transport of constituents; the nucleation, configuration, and growth of new structures by self-assembly; and the repair and replacement of old and damaged components. These materials include all-organic components such as spider webs and insect cuticles (Fig. 1); inorganic-organic composites, such as seashells (Fig. 2) and bones; all-ceramic composites, such as sea urchin teeth, spines, and other skeletal units (Fig. 3); and inorganic ultrafine magnetic and semiconducting particles produced by bacteria and algae, respectively (Fig. 4).

Decellularized bone extracellular matrix in skeletal tissue engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-764
Author(s):  
Benjamin B. Rothrauff ◽  
Rocky S. Tuan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Skeletal Tissue ◽  
Large Bone

Bone possesses an intrinsic regenerative capacity, which can be compromised by aging, disease, trauma, and iatrogenesis (e.g. tumor resection, pharmacological). At present, autografts and allografts are the principal biological treatments available to replace large bone segments, but both entail several limitations that reduce wider use and consistent success. The use of decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM), often derived from xenogeneic sources, has been shown to favorably influence the immune response to injury and promote site-appropriate tissue regeneration. Decellularized bone ECM (dbECM), utilized in several forms — whole organ, particles, hydrogels — has shown promise in both in vitro and in vivo animal studies to promote osteogenic differentiation of stem/progenitor cells and enhance bone regeneration. However, dbECM has yet to be investigated in clinical studies, which are needed to determine the relative efficacy of this emerging biomaterial as compared with established treatments. This mini-review highlights the recent exploration of dbECM as a biomaterial for skeletal tissue engineering and considers modifications on its future use to more consistently promote bone regeneration.

Label-free, mass-sensitive single-molecule imaging using interferometric scattering microscopy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolas Hundt
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Single Molecule Imaging ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Measurement Sensitivity ◽  
Mass Distributions ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Contrast Mechanism ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Scattering Signal

Abstract Single-molecule imaging has mostly been restricted to the use of fluorescence labelling as a contrast mechanism due to its superior ability to visualise molecules of interest on top of an overwhelming background of other molecules. Recently, interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy has demonstrated the detection and imaging of single biomolecules based on light scattering without the need for fluorescent labels. Significant improvements in measurement sensitivity combined with a dependence of scattering signal on object size have led to the development of mass photometry, a technique that measures the mass of individual molecules and thereby determines mass distributions of biomolecule samples in solution. The experimental simplicity of mass photometry makes it a powerful tool to analyse biomolecular equilibria quantitatively with low sample consumption within minutes. When used for label-free imaging of reconstituted or cellular systems, the strict size-dependence of the iSCAT signal enables quantitative measurements of processes at size scales reaching from single-molecule observations during complex assembly up to mesoscopic dynamics of cellular components and extracellular protrusions. In this review, I would like to introduce the principles of this emerging imaging technology and discuss examples that show how mass-sensitive iSCAT can be used as a strong complement to other routine techniques in biochemistry.

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