Ion Exchange Lithography: Localized Ion Exchange Reactions for Spatial Patterning of Perovskite Semiconductors and Insulators

Na-MMT was modified with quaternary phosphonium salts, tetramethylolphosphonium chloride (THPC), via ion-exchange reactions, in acid conditions. Different factors such as reaction time , reaction temperature, the types of solvent, and CEC ratios, were investigated using orthogonal test. Results showed that the best combination of these four factors were A1B3C1D1, that is, the type of the solvent was acetone and water (1:1), reaction time was 3h, CEC ratio was 1:1, and the reaction temperature was 80°C.

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Kinetics of Ion-Exchange Reactions in Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Thin Films Studied by In Situ Real-Time X-ray Scattering

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters ◽

10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02916 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (23) ◽

pp. 6750-6754 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Alessandro Greco ◽

Alexander Hinderhofer ◽

M. Ibrahim Dar ◽

Neha Arora ◽

Jan Hagenlocher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Ion Exchange ◽

Real Time ◽

Exchange Reactions ◽

Inorganic Perovskite ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Kinetics Of Ion Exchange

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7—THE ACIDIC PROPERTIES OF COTTON CELLULOSE AND DERIVED OXYCELLULOSES Part III. ION-EXCHANGE REACTIONS WITH VARIOUS CATIONS

Journal of the Textile Institute Transactions ◽

10.1080/19447024808659404 ◽

1948 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. T87-T92 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. F. Davidson

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Cotton Cellulose ◽

Exchange Reactions ◽

Acidic Properties

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Thermodynamic Computations for Ion Exchange and Surface Protonation Reactions and the Implications for Acid Induced Contact Angle Evolution in Silica Rich Saline Aquifer Systems

International Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.5539/ijc.v9n4p98 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 98

Author(s):

Mumuni Amadu ◽

Adango Miadonye

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Gas Injection ◽

Saline Aquifer ◽

Geological Storage ◽

Water Mobility ◽

Free Energies ◽

Exchange Reactions ◽

Rock Interaction ◽

Aquifer Systems ◽

Thermodynamic Computations

To reduce current high concentrations of anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to levels stipulated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, geological sequestration has been universally proposed. On the basis of cost analysis and global availability, deep saline aquifers are the prime targets for most proposed commercial and pilot scale projects.While the geological storage of anthropogenic carbon dioxide is expected to mitigate global warming, the technical aspects of the injection deserve to be considered for efficient injection projects. The water rock interaction phenomenon occurs due to carbonic acid generation which causes surface protonation reactions and has the potential to decrease water wettability of the system leading to enhanced water mobility and efficient gas injection. Therefore, for a saline aquifer rock with minerals capable of ion exchange reactions that consume solution protons, the wettability of such a system is likely to be preserved leading to reduced water mobility and poor gas injection. Generally, the extents to which surface protonation and ion exchange reactions occur depend on the free energy change of the reaction.In this paper, we have carried out thermodynamic computations for the free energies of surface protonation and ion exchange reactions. Based on the values of computed free energies, which show that ion exchange reactions have lower free energies, we have discussed the wettability implications for geological storage in silica rich saline aquifer systems.

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Sources and controls of calcium and magnesium in storm runoff: the role of groundwater and ion exchange reactions along water flowpaths

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-1-671-1997 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 671-685 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

P. J. Chapman ◽

B. Reynolds ◽

H. S. Wheater

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Overland Flow ◽

Divalent Cations ◽

Stream Water ◽

Storm Runoff ◽

Natural Soil ◽

Exchange Reactions ◽

Mineral Horizon ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Pipe Water

Abstract. A combined hydrological and chemical investigation was undertaken in a small moorland catchment at Plynlimon to determine the processes controlling storm runoff chemistry. Flow from natural soil pipes, overland flow from peat soils, throughflow from a mineral horizon and streamflow were gauged and sampled intensively during seven storms. Stormflow Ca and Mg concentrations in stream water consistently exceeded those observed in overland flow, pipeflow and throughflow. The response of Ca and Mg to increases in streamflow varied between the storms and could not be explained readily by the mixing of the dominant source waters monitored within the catchment. Intensive sampling of pipe water along a major stormflow pathway revealed a large and consistent increase in the concentration of dissolved Ca and Mg accompanied by a corresponding decrease in acidity, the magnitude of which was strongly influenced by antecedent conditions. Analyses of soil exchangeable cations along the stormflow pathway revealed soils enriched in divalent cations probably derived from a groundwater source. Laboratory leaching experiments confirmed that rapid cation exchange reactions could explain the changes in pipe water chemistry along the stormflow pathway. The relative contribution of flow from pathways where these ion exchange reactions occur strongly influences the stormflow response of Ca and Mg in the stream. The results also highlight a potentially important, indirect role for base-rich groundwater in modifying storm runoff chemistry along water flowpaths.

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