Orthogonal Investigation of Influencing Factors on the Modification of Montmorillonite by THPC in Acid Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 1017-1021
Author(s):  
Pan Chen ◽  
Jin Cheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Phosphonium Salts ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Quaternary Phosphonium Salts

Na-MMT was modified with quaternary phosphonium salts, tetramethylolphosphonium chloride (THPC), via ion-exchange reactions, in acid conditions. Different factors such as reaction time , reaction temperature, the types of solvent, and CEC ratios, were investigated using orthogonal test. Results showed that the best combination of these four factors were A1B3C1D1, that is, the type of the solvent was acetone and water (1:1), reaction time was 3h, CEC ratio was 1:1, and the reaction temperature was 80°C.

Investigation on Decoloration of Zanthoxylum Bungeanum Seed Oil

2012 ◽  
Vol 460 ◽  
pp. 275-278
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Xuan Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Industrial Application ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Single Test ◽  
Zanthoxylum Bungeanum

The decoloration method experiment on ZSO was studied. The different influencing factors on reaction were investigated by single test, such as content of peroxide, reaction temperature, and reaction time. The results of orthogonal test showed that the dominated sequence of influencing on chroma value was content of peroxide, and then was for reaction temperature, the last was reaction time. The optimal combination proved was A2B2C2. On this condition, the chroma value of ZSO could be reduced to 1.45, it fully meets the requirement of industrial application.

Study on a High-Temperature Delayed Cross-Linked Acid

2012 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 252-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhao ◽  
Qi Song ◽  
Hai Lin ◽  
Yan Ling Wang ◽  
Zeng Bao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Zirconium Oxychloride ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Acid System ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions

A retarded zirconium cross-linking agent ECA-1 was prepared by using zirconium oxychloride, lactic acid， xylitol, and so on, then we got a high-temperature delayed cross-linking acid with cross-linking agent ECA-1 added to EVA-180 gelling acid, cross-linked acid performance and its influencing factors were discussed in details, such as reaction conditions of crosslinker, concentrations of crosslinker and thickener, and so on. The results showed that the obtained cross-linked acid had good temperature-tolerate and shear-tolerate properties when the mass ratio of zirconium oxychloride, lactic acid and xylitol is 1:1.25:0.0208 , the reaction temperature is 50~55°C, the reaction time is 4 hours, the delayed cross-linking time of acid system can be adjusted by changing the dosage of crosslinker and thickener.

Study on the Saccharification Conditions of Fuel Ethanol from Corn Straw

2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 172-176
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Jin Yang Li ◽  
Hai Bin Fu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Fuel Ethanol ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Main Factors

To study the saccharification conditions of cellulase on lignocellulose material, this paper used corn straw as the material to do research on the effect of cellulase. The hydrolysis factors, including reaction temperature, reaction time and cellulase concentration, were measured in order to determine the optimal saccharification conditions for fuel ethanol production. The results showed that, when the reaction temperature was 45°C, reaction time was 72 h and cellulase concentration was 60 IU/g, the hydrolysis rate can respectively reach 6.25 %, 14.7 % and 14.4 %. By the analysis of orthogonal test, the main factors effects the saccharification was reaction time. And the optimal combination of saccharification conditions was the reaction time of 54 h, the reaction temperature of 45 °C, and the cellulase concentration of 55 IU/g.

Research on the Synthetic of Silicone Emulsion

2013 ◽  
Vol 826 ◽  
pp. 233-236
Author(s):  
Rui Mu ◽  
Cui Hua Ji
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Weight Increment ◽  
Silicone Emulsion

This study synthesized silicon emulsions by emulsion polymerization, mainly focused on how influencing factors including catalyst, emulsifier, reaction temperature and synthesis process could affect product conversion rate, appearance and molecular weight. The result showed that the conversion rate of the first 2 hours increased rapidly and became stable afterwards. Molecular weight increment was proportional to the extension of the reaction time. The silicon emulsions could achieve high convention rate and stability while applying 5% catalyst DBSA and 3% emulsifier (OP-10: SDS = 1:2) of Octmethyl cyclotetrasiloxane(D4) under an reaction temperature of 80 °C.

Synthesis of Adipic Acid Using H4SiW6Mo6O40/TiO2-SiO2 as Catalyst

2014 ◽  
Vol 692 ◽  
pp. 326-331
Author(s):  
Fang Peng ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Shui Jin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Adipic Acid ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Orthogonal Test Method

A new environmental friendly catalyst, H4SiW6Mo6O40/TiO2-SiO2 was prepared by impregnation method, the synthesis of cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal was the probe reaction to optimize the synthetic condition of catalyst. The reactive condition of catalyst was optimized by orthogonal test method. The optimum conditions are n (TiO2): n (SiO2)= 3: 1, 20 % mass ratio of m (H4SiW6Mo6O40): m (TiO2-SiO2), the calcined time is 3 h and 300 °C of activated temperature. Using H4SiW6Mo6O40/TiO2-SiO2 as catalyst, adipic acid was synthesized from the oxidation of cyclohexanone by 30 % H2O2. Influences of dosage of H4SiW6Mo6O40/TiO2-SiO2, reaction temperature, volume of hydrogen peroxide and reaction time were discussed. Experimental results showed that H4SiW6Mo6O40/TiO2-SiO2 is a good catalyst for synthesis of adipic acid. When n (cyclohexene): n (H2O2): n (H4SiW6Mo6O40/TiO2-SiO2)= 100: 979: 0.04, reaction temperature is 130 °C and reaction time is 5 h, under the optimum conditions, the yield of adipic acid is 45.9 %.

Effect of Crumb Rubber Particle Size and Content on Properties of Crumb Rubber Modified (CRM) Asphalt

2011 ◽  
Vol 99-100 ◽  
pp. 955-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Dong Cao ◽  
Shu Tang Liu ◽  
Xin Zhuang Cui ◽  
Xiao Qing Yu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Test Results

Effects of crumb rubber of different particle sizes (20mesh, 40mesh, 60mesh, 80mesh and120mesh) and contents (10%, 15% and 20% by weight of the total of CRM asphalt) on the properties of CRM asphalt and change rule of performance of CRM asphalt with reaction temperature and time were studied in laboratory. The results indicate that CRM asphalt has the best performance when the particle size of crumb rubber used is 80 mesh and the content is 15%. The performance of CRM asphalt is strongly depended on reaction temperature and time. When reaction temperature is higher than 200°C and time more than 60 minutes, the viscosity of CRM asphalt significantly decline with reaction temperature rising and time delaying. The performance of CRM asphalt starts aging when reaction time more than 4 hours at high temperature. Based on test results, some suggestions for production and application of CRM asphalt are put forward.

Influencing Factors for NOx Reduction by SCR

2012 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 2418-2421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Shan Chen ◽  
Chen Sun ◽  
Chen Xu Tang
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Simulation Research ◽  
State Test ◽  
Scr System

At all-state test of SCR system，the maximum NOx emission value occurs at 1100r/min and 50% of The throttle opening degree condition. The NOx emission value is 2611.08ppm. During simulation research, Influencing factors such as urea spray, reaction temperature, space velocity and NH3/NOx concentration proportion are elaborated. During 0.4s simulation cycle, it shows better atomize results and better homogeneity. The reaction temperature on catalyst is kept at 319oC value which is helpful for continuous SCR reaction. NH3/NO concentration proportion is kept from 0.2 to 0.3, which NOx reduction rate is from 65% to 75% in accordance with test results on the base of 1200r/min condition. The research can provide references for optimization on compact SCR system.

scholarly journals Removal of Fluorine from RECl3 in Solution by Adsorption, Ion Exchange and Precipitation

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
DongLiang Zhang ◽  
Kai Gao ◽  
XiaoWei Zhang ◽  
MiTang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Lanthanum Carbonate ◽  
Injection Flow ◽  
Rare Earth Chloride ◽  
Initial Ph

In this paper, methods of effective removal of fluorine from rare earth chloride solution by adsorption, ion exchange and precipitation with lanthanum carbonate or CO2 gas as fluorine-removal agent, respectively, were studied. The relevant parameters studied for fluorine-removal percentage were the effects of the type and dosage of fluorine-removal agent, the injection flow and mode of CO2, the initial concentration of rare earth solution and initial pH value, contact time, temperature and stirring. XRD, SEM and EDS were used to analyze and characterize the filter slag obtained after fluorine removal. SEM and EDS results showed that RECO3(OH) with a porous structure was formed in rare earth chloride solution when lanthanum carbonate was used as fluorine-removal agent, and it had strong selective adsorption for F−. The XRD spectra showed that F− was removed in the form of REFCO3 precipitates, which indicates that the adsorbed F− replaced the OH- group on the surface of RECO3(OH) by ion exchange. The experimental results showed that a fluorine-removal percentage of 99.60% could be obtained under the following conditions: lanthanum carbonate dosage, 8%; initial conc. of rare earths, 240 g/L; initial pH, 1; reaction temperature, 90 °C; reaction time, 2 h. Simultaneously, a fluorine-removal process by CO2 precipitation was explored. In general, RE2(CO3)3 precipitation is generated when CO2 is injected into a rare earth chloride solution. Interestingly, the results of XRD, SEM and EDS showed that the sedimentation slag was composed of REFCO3 and RE2O2CO3. It was inferred that RE2(CO3)3 obtained at the initial reaction stage had a certain adsorption effect on F− in the solution, and then F− replaced CO32− on the surface of RE2(CO3)3 by ion exchange. Therefore, F− was finally removed by the high crystallization of REFCO3 precipitation, and excess RE2(CO3)3 was aged to precipitate RE2O2CO3. The fluorine-removal percentage can reach 98.92% with CO2 precipitation under the following conditions: venturi jet; CO2 injection flow, 1000 L/h; reaction temperature, 70 °C; initial pH, 1; reaction time, 1.5 h; initial conc. of rare earths, 240–300 g/L; without stirring. The above two methods achieve deep removal of fluorine in mixed fluorine-bearing rare earth chloride solution by exchanging different ionic groups. The negative influence of fluorine on subsequent rare earth extraction separation is eliminated. This technology is of great practical significance for the further development of the rare earth metallurgy industry and the protection of the environment.

Investigation of Iodine Distribution in the Semi-Hydrate Wet Phosphoric Acid Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 1347-1350
Author(s):  
Hong Jing Han ◽  
Yan Guang Chen ◽  
Hong Qi Wang ◽  
Wen Guo Duan ◽  
Chao Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Acid Process

The influencing factors of reaction such as reaction temperature, reaction time and the ratio of liquid to solid are investigated by analyzing the iodine distribution in the semi-hydrate wet process of phosphoric acid. The result shows that with the increase of reaction temperature, reaction time and the ratio of liquid to solid, the iodine distribution in the phases of liquid and solid presents has the tendency of decrease, in the range between 20% and 30%, while the iodine distribution in the gas phase tends to increase, the maximum value is 67.54%.

Study on the Synthesis of Ethylene Glycol by Catalytic Hydrolyze of Ethylene Carbonate

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Ethylene Carbonate ◽  
Catalytic Hydrolysis ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The process for ethylene glycol (EG) by catalytic hydrolysis of ethylene carbonate (EC) was studied. The influencing factors of the reaction products were studied which include the reaction temperature, the mole ratio of H2O to EC, the mass fraction of the catalyst and the reaction time. The optimal conditions were identified as follows: the reaction temperature is 140-145°C, n (H2O) :n (EC) = 2.0-2.5 : 1, the catalyst of Al2O3is about 2.0wt%, the reaction time is about two hours. Under the above conditions, EC can be completely hydrolyzed and the selectivity of EG is above 98%.

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