Influence of surfactant‐humectant adjuvants on physical properties, droplet size, and efficacy of glufosinate formulations

A one-dimensional monodisperse aerosol spray combustion facility is described and experimental results of post flame NO/NOx emissions are presented. Four different hydrocarbon fuels were studied: isopropanol, methanol, n-heptane, and n-octane. The results indicate an optimum droplet size in the range of 48–58 microns for minimizing NO/NOx production for all of the test fuels. This NOx behavior is associated with droplet interactions and the transition from diffusive type of spray burning to that of a prevaporized and premixed case. Decreasing the droplet size results in a trend of increasing droplet interactions, which suppresses temperatures and reduces NOx. This trend continues until prevaporization effects begin to dominate and the system tends towards the premixed limit. The occurrence of the minimun NOx point at different droplet diameters for the different fuels appears to be governed by the extent of prevaporization of the fuel in the spray, and is consistent with theoretical calculations based on each fuel’s physical properties.

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Role of Formulation Ingredients and Physical Properties on Droplet Size Spectra, Deposition, and Persistence of Aerially Sprayed Aminocarb and Mexacarbate in Forest Litter and Soil Samples

Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems: Seventh Volume ◽

10.1520/stp25887s ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 139-139-13

Author(s):

KMS Sundaram ◽

A Sundaram

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Droplet Size ◽

Forest Litter ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Size Spectra

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Effects of Physical Properties of Fuels on Diesel Injection

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.2906496 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 112 (3) ◽

pp. 308-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

N. A. Henein ◽

B. Jawad ◽

E. Gulari

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Droplet Size ◽

Drop Size ◽

Droplet Size Distribution ◽

High Pressure Chamber ◽

Fraunhofer Diffraction ◽

Injection Process ◽

Pressure Line ◽

Diesel Injection

The physical properties of the fuel, such as density, viscosity, surface tension, and bulk modulus of elasticity, affect many aspects of the diesel injection process. The effects of these fuel properties on the fuel pressure in the high-pressure line, rate of injection, leakage, spray penetration, and droplet size distribution were determined experimentally. The mechanism of spray development was investigated by injecting the fuel into a high-pressure chamber. A pulsed Malvern drop-size analyzer, based on Fraunhofer diffraction, was utilized to determine droplet size ranges for various fuels.

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Influence of Emulsifiers on Physical Properties of Oil/Water Emulsions Containing Ostrich Oil

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.777.592 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 777 ◽

pp. 592-596

Author(s):

Juthaporn Ponphaiboon ◽

Sontaya Limmatvapirat ◽

Chutima Limmatvapirat

Keyword(s):

Zeta Potential ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Droplet Size ◽

Emulsion Stability ◽

Tween 80 ◽

High Viscosity ◽

Soy Lecithin ◽

Oil Emulsion ◽

Oil Water ◽

Oil Emulsions

The fabrication of oil/water (O/W) emulsions in order to prepare the spray-dried encapsulated bioactive ostrich oil emulsions can be useful for increasing stability of commercial products. In this study, O/W emulsions were stabilized with mixed emulsifiers (Span and Tween) or soy lecithin. The effects of emulsifiers on the physical properties of emulsions containing ostrich oil were investigated. Results showed that the addition of a mixture of Span and Tween emulsifiers at concentrations between 5 and 15% w/w reduced the droplet size of the emulsions but did not decrease the zeta potential in the emulsion system. The smallest droplet size of 5.01±0.43 μm was obtained from the emulsion containing 15% w/w mixture of Span 20 and Tween 80. The zeta potential values of all emulsions containing a mixture of Span and Tween emulsifiers in the concentration range of 5 to 20% w/w were between-23 and-55 mV. In addition, the viscosity of these emulsions increased with increases in the concentrations of both emulsifiers. The stable 20% w/w ostrich oil emulsion stabilized with 15% w/w Span 20/Tween 80 presented viscosity equal to 69.56±1.82 cP. For 10% w/w ostrich oil emulsions stabilized with lecithin, the droplet size and zeta potential of the emulsions tended to decrease with increasing lecithin concentrations. An emulsion containing 10% w/w lecithin exhibited the smallest droplet size (3.93±0.11 μm). The zeta potential values of all emulsions composed of 1-15% w/w lecithin were between-33 and –66 mV and the viscosity of these emulsions increased with increases in the concentrations of lecithin. The stable 10% w/w ostrich oil emulsion stabilized with 10% w/w lecithin exhibited a high viscosity of 172.50±1.01cP. In summary, 10% w/w lecithin provides better emulsion stability than 15% w/w Span 20/Tween 80. These results therefore reveal important parameters for the fabrication of stable O/W emulsions containing ostrich oil.

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Influence of physical properties on droplet size spectra and deposit patterns of two mexacarbate formulations, following spray application under laboratory and field conditions

Pesticide Science ◽

10.1002/ps.2780200304 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 179-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alam Sundaram ◽

Kanth M. S. Sundaram ◽

John W. Leung ◽

Stephen B. Holmes ◽

Beresford L. Cadogan

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Droplet Size ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Spray Application ◽

Size Spectra

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Droplet Size Effects on NOx Formation in a One-Dimensional Monodisperse Spray Combustion System

Journal of Engineering for Power ◽

10.1115/1.3227483 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 105 (4) ◽

pp. 791-796 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Sarv ◽

A. A. Nizami ◽

N. P. Cernansky

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Droplet Size ◽

Size Effects ◽

Theoretical Calculations ◽

Spray Combustion ◽

Nox Emissions ◽

Combustion System ◽

Nox Formation ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Aerosol Spray

A one-dimensional monodisperse aerosol spray combustion facility is described and experimental results of post-flame NO/NOx emissions are presented. Four different hydrocarbon fuels were studied: isopropanol, methanol, n-heptane, and n-octane. The results indicate an optimum droplet size in the range of 43-58 microns for minimizing NO/NOx production for all of the test fuels. This NOx behavior is associated with droplet interactions and the transition from diffusive type of spray burning to that of a prevaporized and premixed case. Decreasing the droplet size results in a trend of increasing droplet interactions, which suppresses temperatures and reduces NOx. This trend continues until prevaporization effects begin to dominate and the system tends towards the premixed limit. The occurrence of the minimum NOx point at different droplet diameters for the different fuels appears to be governed by the extent of prevaporization of the fuel in the spray and is consistent with theoretical calculations based on each fuel’s physical properties.

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Correlation Between Physical Properties and Field Performance of Insecticidal Emulsion Sprays

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/58.1.35 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 35-39

Author(s):

Abd R El-Refai ◽

Zakaria M El-Attal ◽

Ali A A Said

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Droplet Size ◽

Laboratory Tests ◽

Emulsion Stability ◽

Field Performance ◽

Field Trials ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Extensive Field ◽

Leaf Surfaces ◽

Physical And Chemical

Abstract Commercial and laboratory-prepared insecticide emulsiliable concentrates were tested in the laboratory and in the field to study their physical and chemical characteristics. Distribution of spray emulsion and retained deposits of active ingredients on leaf surfaces are directly related to emulsion stability, amount of emulsifier, and droplet size of spray emulsion. Thus the laboratory tests described for the measurement of the latter 3 properties can be performed before extensive field trials are conducted.

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Effect of Emulsifiers on Physical Properties and Stability of Oral Rice Bran Oil Nanoemulsions

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.859.197 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 859 ◽

pp. 197-202

Author(s):

Punnarut Nongnuan ◽

Dusadee Charnvanich

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Droplet Size ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Oral Delivery ◽

Negative Charge ◽

Ph Value ◽

Rice Bran Oil ◽

Physical Stability ◽

Sodium Caseinate ◽

Low Viscosity

The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of emulsifier types and concentrations on the physical properties and stability of rice bran oil O/W nanoemulsions for oral administration. The nanoemulsions were formulated by using 10% of rice bran oil (RBO) as an oil phase and either single emulsifier (1,3,5% sodium caseinate (SC) or 4,6,8% polysorbate 80 (P80)) or mixed emulsifiers (1,3,5% SC and 4,6,8% P80). The nanoemulsions were prepared by Microfluidizer® at 1,500 bar for five cycles and evaluated for droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, pH, and viscosity. Their physical stability was tested under heating-cooling cycles for six cycles. The results indicated that the nanoemulsions with SC (162.50-163.48 nm) had a larger droplet size than those with P80 (90.11-105.94 nm). The concentration of SC had no significant effect on the droplet size, whereas increasing the P80 concentration resulted in a significant decrease in the droplet size. For the formulations with mixed emulsifiers, an increase in the concentration of the second emulsifier leaded to a decrease in the droplet size. All nanoemulsions had narrow size distribution (PDI < 0.2), negative charge, neutral pH value, and low viscosity. The nanoemulsions with alone SC showed a larger negative charge value as compared to those with alone P80 and mixed emulsifiers. All formulations with a single emulsifier were physically stable under heating-cooling cycles for six cycles, whereas the nanoemulsions with mixed emulsifiers showed good stability for only those with the low SC concentration (1%). The rice bran oil O/W nanoemulsions obtained from this study could be developed as oral delivery systems for further applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

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The Photometric Properties of the Ap Stars

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100080684 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 365-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B. Hauck

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Ap Stars

The Ap stars are numerous - the photometric systems tool It would be very tedious to review in detail all that which is in the literature concerning the photometry of the Ap stars. In my opinion it is necessary to examine the problem of the photometric properties of the Ap stars by considering first of all the possibility of deriving some physical properties for the Ap stars, or of detecting new ones. My talk today is prepared in this spirit. The classification by means of photoelectric photometric systems is at the present time very well established for many systems, such as UBV, uvbyβ, Vilnius, Geneva and DDO systems. Details and methods of classification can be found in Golay (1974) or in the proceedings of the Albany Colloquium edited by Philip and Hayes (1975).

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