scholarly journals Lessons learned while protecting wild chimpanzees in West Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Boesch ◽  
Arnaud Gotanegre ◽  
Annika Hillers ◽  
Joseph Kouassi ◽  
Hedwige Boesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Lessons Learned

scholarly journals Ebola Virus Epidemic in West Africa: Global Health Economic Challenges, Lessons Learned, and Policy Recommendations

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Elmahdawy ◽  
Gihan H. Elsisi ◽  
Joao Carapinha ◽  
Mohamed Lamorde ◽  
Abdulrazaq Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Economic ◽  
Global Health ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Policy Recommendations

scholarly journals The Ebola outbreak, 2013–2016: old lessons for new epidemics

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1721) ◽  
pp. 20160297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cordelia E. M. Coltart ◽  
Benjamin Lindsey ◽  
Isaac Ghinai ◽  
Anne M. Johnson ◽  
David L. Heymann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
West African ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Epidemiological Parameters

Ebola virus causes a severe haemorrhagic fever in humans with high case fatality and significant epidemic potential. The 2013–2016 outbreak in West Africa was unprecedented in scale, being larger than all previous outbreaks combined, with 28 646 reported cases and 11 323 reported deaths. It was also unique in its geographical distribution and multicountry spread. It is vital that the lessons learned from the world's largest Ebola outbreak are not lost. This article aims to provide a detailed description of the evolution of the outbreak. We contextualize this outbreak in relation to previous Ebola outbreaks and outline the theories regarding its origins and emergence. The outbreak is described by country, in chronological order, including epidemiological parameters and implementation of outbreak containment strategies. We then summarize the factors that led to rapid and extensive propagation, as well as highlight the key successes, failures and lessons learned from this outbreak and the response. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The 2013–2016 West African Ebola epidemic: data, decision-making and disease control’.

scholarly journals Lessons learned, challenges and outlooks for decision-making after a decade of experience monitoring the impact of indoor residual spraying in Benin, West Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin C. Akogbéto ◽  
Fortuné Dagnon ◽  
Rock Aïkpon ◽  
Razaki Ossé ◽  
Albert S. Salako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Lessons Learned in the Development of Smallholder Private Irrigation for High-Value Crops in West Africa

10.1596/27375 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Abric ◽  
Moise Sonou ◽  
Benedicte Augeard ◽  
Francois Onimus ◽  
Dominique Durlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Lessons Learned

Tie-in of a Rigid Pipeline to a Flexible Rise: Design and Installation — Challenges and Lessons Learnt

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianbattista Curti ◽  
Francois Lirola ◽  
Gianluigi Pirinu ◽  
Diego Pavone ◽  
Frederic Perrin
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Capacity Analysis ◽  
Flexible Pipe ◽  
Horizontal Connection ◽  
Flexible Pipes ◽  
Flexible Risers

Abstract This paper presents the experience made with the engineering and execution of the tie-in of flexible risers to rigid pipelines on a project recently completed in West Africa. Five production and injection pipelines (10” and 6”) were tied back to the host platform with flexible risers, in Lazy wave configurations, in ∼600m water depth. The risers are directly connected to the terminations structures (PLETs) of the rigid pipelines, through horizontal connection systems. The structures forming the tie-in (risers, PLETs and pipelines) have been designed to accommodate axial displacements of the pipelines in the range 0.3m to 1.0m, as positive displacements (expansions) and −0.1m to −0.7m as negative displacements (contractions) of the pipelines, respectively towards and away from the risers, due to pipelines thermal expansions and pipe walking. Note that along some of the lines anchoring structures have been installed to control pipe walking. The tie-in interface loads were to be limited, in order not to threaten the flexible pipe, the PLETs and the connectors, and, despite the small pipeline end displacements, keeping the interface loads within allowable values, was a challenge. The positive displacements were causing interface loads as high as 80% of the allowable values, while the negative displacements were causing up to 90% utilization of the capacity of the connectors and 95% of the allowable loading of the foundations of the PLETs. The main drivers of such high loadings are the stiffness of the flexible pipe, combined with the layout of the tie-in. Extensive in place analyses were done to simulate the effects of progressive displacements of the pipelines, the pipe-soil interactions and the specifics of the behaviour of the flexible pipes (hysteretic stiffness). Full 3D FE analyses of the foundations (mud mats) of the PLETs were done, to circumvent the limitations of a classical bearing capacity analysis approach. As built information were also used, to remove some conservatisms in the assumptions initially taken in the design. A special installation procedure was implemented, to achieve a layout of the riser at the approach of the pipeline capable to better relieve the displacements of the pipelines and reduce interface loads. Feedbacks from the installation are given in the paper. The lessons learned are also presented: a “flexible” pipe is a “stiff” structure and a direct tie-in to the pipeline may become an issue, if not addressed early enough during the execution of the project, when it can be too late to add mitigation structures, like intermediate tie-in spools, or to change significantly the routing of the risers and pipelines.

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