scholarly journals Operator Transpose within Normal Ordering and its Applications for Quantifying Entanglement

2021 ◽  
pp. 2000589
Author(s):  
Liyun Hu ◽  
Luping Zhang ◽  
Xiaoting Chen ◽  
Wei Ye ◽  
Qin Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Ordering

scholarly journals Nonrelativistic near-BPS corners of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 super-Yang-Mills with SU(1, 1) symmetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Baiguera ◽  
Troels Harmark ◽  
Nico Wintergerst
Keyword(s):  
Classical Limit ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Matrix Theory ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Positive Definite ◽  
Normal Ordering ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Three Sphere ◽  
Dilatation Operator ◽  
Definite Expressions

Abstract We consider limits of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 super Yang-Mills (SYM) theory that approach BPS bounds and for which an SU(1,1) structure is preserved. The resulting near-BPS theories become non-relativistic, with a U(1) symmetry emerging in the limit that implies the conservation of particle number. They are obtained by reducing $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 SYM on a three-sphere and subsequently integrating out fields that become non-dynamical as the bounds are approached. Upon quantization, and taking into account normal-ordering, they are consistent with taking the appropriate limits of the dilatation operator directly, thereby corresponding to Spin Matrix theories, found previously in the literature. In the particular case of the SU(1,1—1) near-BPS/Spin Matrix theory, we find a superfield formulation that applies to the full interacting theory. Moreover, for all the theories we find tantalizingly simple semi-local formulations as theories living on a circle. Finally, we find positive-definite expressions for the interactions in the classical limit for all the theories, which can be used to explore their strong coupling limits. This paper will have a companion paper in which we explore BPS bounds for which a SU(2,1) structure is preserved.

scholarly journals Canonical brackets of a toy model for the Hodge theory without its canonical conjugate momenta

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (20) ◽  
pp. 1550115 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Shukla ◽  
T. Bhanja ◽  
R. P. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Present Method ◽  
Hodge Theory ◽  
Rigid Rotor ◽  
Normal Ordering ◽  
Creation And Annihilation Operators ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Continuous Symmetries ◽  
Internal Symmetries ◽  
Theory Lead

We consider the toy model of a rigid rotor as an example of the Hodge theory within the framework of Becchi–Rouet–Stora–Tyutin (BRST) formalism and show that the internal symmetries of this theory lead to the derivation of canonical brackets amongst the creation and annihilation operators of the dynamical variables where the definition of the canonical conjugate momenta is not required. We invoke only the spin-statistics theorem, normal ordering and basic concepts of continuous symmetries (and their generators) to derive the canonical brackets for the model of a one [Formula: see text]-dimensional (1D) rigid rotor without using the definition of the canonical conjugate momenta anywhere. Our present method of derivation of the basic brackets is conjectured to be true for a class of theories that provide a set of tractable physical examples for the Hodge theory.

W-ALGEBRA REALIZATIONS AND W-GRAVITY ANOMALIES

1991 ◽  
Vol 06 (32) ◽  
pp. 2995-3003 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. HULL ◽  
L. PALACIOS
Keyword(s):  
Path Integral ◽  
Current Algebra ◽  
Gravity Anomalies ◽  
Normal Ordering ◽  
Path Integral Quantization ◽  
Transformation Rules ◽  
Higher Derivative ◽  
Quantum Current ◽  
Boson Model ◽  
Background Charge

The coupling of scalars fields to chiral W3 gravity is reviewed. In general the quantum current algebra generated by the spin-two and three currents does not close when the "natural" regularization (corresponding to the normal ordering with respect to the modes of ∂ϕi) is used, and the non-closure reflects matter-dependent anomalies in the path integral quantization. We consider the most general modification of the current, involving higher derivative "background charge" terms, and find the conditions for them to form a closed algebra in the "natural" regularization. These conditions can be satisfied only for the two-boson model. In that case, it is possible to cancel all the matter-dependent anomalies by adding finite local counter terms to the action and modifying the transformation rules of the fields.

Squeezing in systems described by quartic Hamiltonians: Normal ordering technique

1992 ◽  
Vol 107 (9) ◽  
pp. 1041-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Baseia ◽  
C. A. Bonato
Keyword(s):  
Normal Ordering

scholarly journals On $xD$-Generalizations of Stirling Numbers and Lah Numbers via Graphs and Rooks

10.37236/6699 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen-Peng Eu ◽  
Tung-Shan Fu ◽  
Yu-Chang Liang ◽  
Tsai-Lien Wong
Keyword(s):  
Weyl Algebra ◽  
Stirling Numbers ◽  
Stirling Number ◽  
Combinatorial Structures ◽  
Normal Ordering ◽  
Rook Placements ◽  
Threshold Graphs ◽  
Combinatorial Interpretations ◽  
Ferrers Boards

This paper studies the generalizations of the Stirling numbers of both kinds and the Lah numbers in association with the normal ordering problem in the Weyl algebra $W=\langle x,D|Dx-xD=1\rangle$. Any word $\omega\in W$ with $m$ $x$'s and $n$ $D$'s can be expressed in the normally ordered form $\omega=x^{m-n}\sum_{k\ge 0} {{\omega}\brace {k}} x^{k}D^{k}$, where ${{\omega}\brace {k}}$ is known as the Stirling number of the second kind for the word $\omega$. This study considers the expansions of restricted words $\omega$ in $W$ over the sequences $\{(xD)^{k}\}_{k\ge 0}$ and $\{xD^{k}x^{k-1}\}_{k\ge 0}$. Interestingly, the coefficients in individual expansions turn out to be generalizations of the Stirling numbers of the first kind and the Lah numbers. The coefficients will be determined through enumerations of some combinatorial structures linked to the words $\omega$, involving decreasing forest decompositions of quasi-threshold graphs and non-attacking rook placements on Ferrers boards. Extended to $q$-analogues, weighted refinements of the combinatorial interpretations are also investigated for words in the $q$-deformed Weyl algebra.

scholarly journals Operational Methods in the Study of Sobolev-Jacobi Polynomials

Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Behr ◽  
Giuseppe Dattoli ◽  
Gérard Duchamp ◽  
Silvia Penson
Keyword(s):  
Generating Functions ◽  
Hypergeometric Functions ◽  
Jacobi Polynomials ◽  
Hermite Polynomials ◽  
Umbral Calculus ◽  
Generalized Hypergeometric Functions ◽  
Normal Ordering ◽  
Gamma Functions ◽  
Image Technique ◽  
Operational Methods

Inspired by ideas from umbral calculus and based on the two types of integrals occurring in the defining equations for the gamma and the reciprocal gamma functions, respectively, we develop a multi-variate version of umbral calculus and of the so-called umbral image technique. Besides providing a class of new formulae for generalized hypergeometric functions and an implementation of series manipulations for computing lacunary generating functions, our main application of these techniques is the study of Sobolev-Jacobi polynomials. Motivated by applications to theoretical chemistry, we moreover present a deep link between generalized normal-ordering techniques introduced by Gurappa and Panigrahi, two-variable Hermite polynomials and our integral-based series transforms. Notably, we thus calculate all K-tuple L-shifted lacunary exponential generating functions for a certain family of Sobolev-Jacobi (SJ) polynomials explicitly.

scholarly journals A combinatorial Hopf algebra for the boson normal ordering problem

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imad Eddine Bousbaa ◽  
Ali Chouria ◽  
Jean-Gabriel Luque
Keyword(s):  
Hopf Algebra ◽  
Normal Ordering ◽  
Combinatorial Hopf Algebra

scholarly journals The general boson normal ordering problem

2003 ◽  
Vol 309 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 198-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Blasiak ◽  
K.A Penson ◽  
A.I Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Normal Ordering
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