Changes in the reactivity of functional groups during polyesterification: A new approach to polymerization in fatty-acid-modified polyesters (alkyd resins)

1967 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1593-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Solomon ◽  
B. C. Loft ◽  
Jean D. Swift
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Alkyd Resins

scholarly journals Extraction and Characterization of Oil from Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) Seed

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
J. A. Olowokere ◽  
A. I. Onen ◽  
M. C. Odineze ◽  
I. D. B’aga ◽  
E. G. Kefas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Weight Composition ◽  
Soap Production

This work focuses on the extraction of oil from date palm seed. Using n-hexane in Soxlet extraction apparatus, standard procedures were followed to determine the oil feed stock yield. Proximate compositions and physicochemical characteristics were carried out. Also, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to determine the functional groups and the fatty acid composition of the oil respectively. The result shows that the appearance of date palm seed oil is reddish brown in colour. Result from the FTIR analysis also shows that 17 peaks were noticed from date palm seed oil, indicating the presence of various functional groups such as OH, C-H, C=C, C=O, C  The dominating types and number of functional groups are found on the single bond stretch and on the fingerprint region skeletal vibration. Similarly, the GC-MS result also reveals that there are 5 dominating fatty acid compounds present in date palm seed oil in relation to their abundant relative weight composition. In date seed oil, oleic acid which comprise of omega-9 fatty acid is found to be the only monounsaturated fatty acid with the highest weight composition of 49.4%. The inference that can be drawn from the results in this work in relation to application suggest that, date palm seed oil will be suitable for soap production and cleansing agents. Also, omega-9 fatty acid has some health benefits that can strengthen the brain as well as the heart. Furthermore, research on the life shelf and storage of this oil should be looked into, as it relates to the peroxidation of oil.

Detection Study on the Mineral Processing Reagents Preparation from Catering Waste Oil and Application on Ore Flotation

2013 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Hui Mei Yu ◽  
Hua Jun Wang ◽  
Ai Fei Yi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Mineral Processing ◽  
Reverse Flotation ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Field Production

The composition of catering waste oil is similar to that of traditional materials for the preparation of fatty acid collectors, which makes it possible to change catering waste oil into fatty acid collector applied to ore flotation. The collectors which come from catering waste oil are detected by FTIR and GC-MS analyses. The FTIR date shows that collectors contains lively carboxyl functional groups and The GC-MS date reveals that those carboxyl functional groups exist in single unsaturated fatty acid and three unsaturated fatty acid. The collectors can be applied to iron ore reverse flotation, apatite flotation, and fluorite flotation. It has better flotation experiment results than the traditional collector that using in field production.

Investigation on Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) Based Alkyd Resin and Styrene as a Coating Material

2017 ◽  
Vol 901 ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Rochmadi ◽  
Budhijanto ◽  
Mohammad Fahrurrozi ◽  
Suhandono ◽  
Febbie Setyaningrum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Phthalic Anhydride ◽  
Alkyd Resin ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Alkyd Resins ◽  
Palm Fatty Acid Distillate ◽  
Fatty Acid Distillate

The Abundant production of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) can be utilized to make high value product, such as alkyd resins for coating materials. In this research, PFAD was reacted with glycerol and phthalic anhydride at various composition and temperature for 4-5 hours, employing one-step and two-step methods. The alkyd resin product was analyzed its acid value, iodine number, viscosity of 5% solution in xylene, and curing possibility with styrene monomer. The results showed that reaction temperature at 180° - 220°C influenced the acid value, but not significant for iodine number, and had no effect to molecular weight of alkyd resin product. Phthalic anhydride had more effect upon acid number than PFAD. Iodine number of the alkyd resin product was generally low, which indicated that this alkyd resin could not be used as drying oil. All alkyd resins produced either by one and two steps could only harden with 20% alkyd resin - 80% styrene using MEKP initiator. Viscosity of 5% alkyd resin solution in xylene was around 11-14 cp, independent of composition and reaction temperature.

Niko Tinbergen's life and work: a new approach to biology

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-553
Author(s):  
Iver Mysterud
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Facteurs Environnementaux ◽  
Fatty Acid Deficiency ◽  
Protein Intolerance

English The life and work of the eminent ethologist and Nobel laureate Nikolaas Tinbergen (1907—1988) played an essential role in the introduction of a new approach that is transforming the scientific understanding of animal behaviour, human nature and evolution. This article focuses on an extremely well-written biography of him, Niko's Nature, by Hans Kruuk, one of Tinbergen's former students. Niko's Nature is more than a biography: it is a presentation and an evaluation of the main lines of European ethology and behaviour research in the 20th century up to the 1980s. Tinbergen suffered from depression most of his adult life, and if he had been a child today, he probably would have been diagnosed as hyperactive (ADHD). Tinbergen fits into a pattern of lifelong fatty-acid deficiency. I also discuss other possible causes of his problems (like protein intolerance, vitamin deficiency, genetics and novel environmental factors) and speculate how Tinbergen would have approached such issues if he were alive today. French La vie et l’oeuvre de Nikolaas Tinbergen (1907–1988), éthologue éminent et Prix Nobel, ont été essentielles pour l’apparition d’une approche nouvelle dans la compréhension scientifique du comportement animal, de la nature humaine et de l’évolution. Ce texte commente une biographie de Tinbergen écrite par l’un de ses anciens étudiants Hans Kruuk, Niko’s Nature. Niko’s Nature est plus qu’une simple biographie, il s’agit en fait d’une présentation et d’une évaluation des principaux courants de l’éthologie et de la recherche comportementale en Europe au 20ème siècle, jusqu’aux années 1980. Durant toute sa vie d’adulte, Tinbergen a souffert de dépression et s’il avait été enfant de nos jours, il aurait probablement été diagnostiqué comme enfant hyperactif (THADA). Tinbergen semble correspondre à un schéma de déficience durable en acides gras. L’auteur évoque aussi d’autres pistes explicatives (comme l’intolérance aux protéines, la déficience en vitamines, la génétique, l’apparition de nouveaux facteurs environnementaux) et s’interroge sur la façon dont Tinbergen aurait approché l’étude de ces questions s’il était encore vivant.

scholarly journals Improving Atom Type Diversity and Sampling in Co-Solvent Simulations Using λ-Dynamics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr Mahmoud ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Markus Lill
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Md Simulation ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Rank Ligand ◽  
Atom Type ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Pharmacophoric Feature

<div>Here we present a novel co-solvent MD simulation method based on the lambda-dynamics simulation concept that aims to address a serious issue of current co-solvent simulation approaches, the limited chemical diversity of probe molecules ignoring the chemical context of the pharmacophoric feature represented by a probe. The new concept significantly increases the chemical diversity of functional groups investigated during co-solvent simulations. Application to four different test cases highlights the utility of the new approach to identify binding preferences of different functional groups and to correctly rank ligand series that differ by their substitution patterns.</div>

scholarly journals Extraction and Characterization of Oil from African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) Seed

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
J. A. Olowokere ◽  
A. I. Onen ◽  
M. C. Odineze ◽  
I. D. B’aga ◽  
J. N. Akoji
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Weight Composition ◽  
Locust Bean ◽  
African Locust Bean

The extraction of oil from African locust bean seeds was carried out in this work. Standard procedures were followed to determine the yield present in the oil feed stocks using n-hexane in a Soxhlet extraction apparatus. Analyses were carried out to determine their proximate compositions and physicochemical characteristics. The determination of the functional groups and fatty acid compositions present in the extracted oils was also carried out using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS) respectively. The results revealed that African locust bean seed has higher oil yield, crude fat, crude protein, ash content, crude fibre, moisture content than some other seeds such as Date palm seed with the exception of the carbohydrates content. Similarly, African locust bean seed oil which was yellowish brown in colour contained higher acid value, iodine value, peroxide value, free fatty acid with the exception of saponification value and specific gravity in comparism. Result from the FTIR analysis shows that 15 peaks were noticed in African locust bean seed oil, indicating the presence of various functional groups such as OH, C-H, C=C, C=O, C≡ C and C — N. Similarly, the GC-MS result also reveals that there are 6 dominating fatty acid compounds present in locust beans seed oil in relation to their relative weight composition abundance. In locust bean seed oil, linoleic acid stood out as the fatty acid compound with the highest weight composition of 31.9% having a relatively high degree of unsaturation. Furthermore, capric acid and lauric acid were found in this oil.  Judging from all the results in this work, it can be deduced that African locust bean seed oil may serve as better alternative oil for consumption and in large-scale production of lubricants, cosmetics, paints, and hydraulic brake fluid.

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