scholarly journals Extraction and Characterization of Oil from African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) Seed

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
J. A. Olowokere ◽  
A. I. Onen ◽  
M. C. Odineze ◽  
I. D. B’aga ◽  
J. N. Akoji
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Weight Composition ◽  
Locust Bean ◽  
African Locust Bean

The extraction of oil from African locust bean seeds was carried out in this work. Standard procedures were followed to determine the yield present in the oil feed stocks using n-hexane in a Soxhlet extraction apparatus. Analyses were carried out to determine their proximate compositions and physicochemical characteristics. The determination of the functional groups and fatty acid compositions present in the extracted oils was also carried out using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS) respectively. The results revealed that African locust bean seed has higher oil yield, crude fat, crude protein, ash content, crude fibre, moisture content than some other seeds such as Date palm seed with the exception of the carbohydrates content. Similarly, African locust bean seed oil which was yellowish brown in colour contained higher acid value, iodine value, peroxide value, free fatty acid with the exception of saponification value and specific gravity in comparism. Result from the FTIR analysis shows that 15 peaks were noticed in African locust bean seed oil, indicating the presence of various functional groups such as OH, C-H, C=C, C=O, C≡ C and C — N. Similarly, the GC-MS result also reveals that there are 6 dominating fatty acid compounds present in locust beans seed oil in relation to their relative weight composition abundance. In locust bean seed oil, linoleic acid stood out as the fatty acid compound with the highest weight composition of 31.9% having a relatively high degree of unsaturation. Furthermore, capric acid and lauric acid were found in this oil.  Judging from all the results in this work, it can be deduced that African locust bean seed oil may serve as better alternative oil for consumption and in large-scale production of lubricants, cosmetics, paints, and hydraulic brake fluid.

scholarly journals Extraction and Characterization of Oil from Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) Seed

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
J. A. Olowokere ◽  
A. I. Onen ◽  
M. C. Odineze ◽  
I. D. B’aga ◽  
E. G. Kefas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Weight Composition ◽  
Soap Production

This work focuses on the extraction of oil from date palm seed. Using n-hexane in Soxlet extraction apparatus, standard procedures were followed to determine the oil feed stock yield. Proximate compositions and physicochemical characteristics were carried out. Also, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to determine the functional groups and the fatty acid composition of the oil respectively. The result shows that the appearance of date palm seed oil is reddish brown in colour. Result from the FTIR analysis also shows that 17 peaks were noticed from date palm seed oil, indicating the presence of various functional groups such as OH, C-H, C=C, C=O, C  The dominating types and number of functional groups are found on the single bond stretch and on the fingerprint region skeletal vibration. Similarly, the GC-MS result also reveals that there are 5 dominating fatty acid compounds present in date palm seed oil in relation to their abundant relative weight composition. In date seed oil, oleic acid which comprise of omega-9 fatty acid is found to be the only monounsaturated fatty acid with the highest weight composition of 49.4%. The inference that can be drawn from the results in this work in relation to application suggest that, date palm seed oil will be suitable for soap production and cleansing agents. Also, omega-9 fatty acid has some health benefits that can strengthen the brain as well as the heart. Furthermore, research on the life shelf and storage of this oil should be looked into, as it relates to the peroxidation of oil.

scholarly journals Functionalization of Molybdenum Disulfide via Plasma Treatment and 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid for Gas Sensors

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1860
Author(s):  
Won Seok Seo ◽  
Dae Ki Kim ◽  
Ji-Hoon Han ◽  
Kang-Bak Park ◽  
Su Chak Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Molybdenum Disulfide ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Mercaptopropionic Acid ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Mechanical Factors

Monolayer and multilayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) materials are semiconductors with direct/indirect bandgaps of 1.2–1.8 eV and are attractive due to their changes in response to electrical, physicochemical, biological, and mechanical factors. Since the desired electrical properties of MoS2 are known, research on its electrical properties has increased, with focus on the deposition and growth of large-area MoS2 and its functionalization. While research on the large-scale production of MoS2 is actively underway, there is a lack of studies on functionalization approaches, which are essential since functional groups can help to dissolve particles or provide adequate reactivity. Strategies for producing films of functionalized MoS2 are rare, and what methods do exist are either complex or inefficient. This work introduces an efficient way to functionalize MoS2. Functional groups are formed on the surface by exposing MoS2 with surface sulfur vacancies generated by plasma treatment to 3-mercaptopropionic acid. This technique can create 1.8 times as many carboxyl groups on the MoS2 surface compared with previously reported strategies. The MoS2-based gas sensor fabricated using the proposed method shows a 2.6 times higher sensitivity and much lower detection limit than the untreated device.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Purification, and Quantification of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters After trans-Esterification of Large Batches of Tobacco Seed Oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Ashraf-Khorassani ◽  
William Monroe Coleman ◽  
Michael Francis Dube ◽  
Giorgis Isaac ◽  
Larry Thomas Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Tobacco Seed

SummaryThe goal of the study was to quantify fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE’s) produced from two large batches of tobacco seed oil after trans-esterification by heating in ethanol with sulfuric acid catalyst. Purification of the combined ethyl ester reaction products by removing as much of the color and odor from the final product as possible was achieved via conventional column chromatography with amorphous silica and tandem elution of first hexane and then ethyl alcohol as the mobile phase. Gas chromatography was used to quantify specific FAEE’s in the purified material. Recovery of pure FAEE's in batch #1 was near 87%; while, recovery of FAEE’s in batch #2 was greater than 89% with mass yields greater than 400 g of ethyl esters per esterification trial. The FAEE’s possessed no detectable aroma and only a slight yellow color after this chromatographic treatment. Supercritical fluid chromatography with a mobile phase of methanol/acetonitrile modified carbon dioxide and an octadecyl bonded silica stationary phase were used to characterize the purity of each batch of fatty acid ethyl ester product. No free fatty acids nor glycerolrelated impurities were detected in the purified transesterified product.This is the first report describing the optimized trans-esterification of tobacco seed oil on a relatively large scale coupled with subsequent purification and isolation of the resultant ethyl esters. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 26 (2015) 205-213]

scholarly journals Extraction of Omega-3 Fatty Acid from Jade Perch (Scortum barcoo) Using Enzymatic Hydrolysis Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Nur Izzati Iberahim ◽  
Yee Chee Hann ◽  
Zainab Hamzah ◽  
Khairunissa Syairah Ahmad Sohaimi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Peroxide Value ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Candida Rugosa ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Extraction of omega-3 fatty acid from Jade Perch (Scortum barcoo) using enzymatic hydrolysis techniques are expected to be more economically possible techniques due to the uses of the enzyme with the characteristic of environmentally friendly, reusable and less energy required during large-scale production. Design of Experiments (DOE) was used to study the effect of process parameters such as the concentration of alcalase (0.5–1.5%), temperature (50–70 °C) and pH (6.5–8.5) towards the yield of oil. The findings showed 16.55% of oil yield was extracted from the jade perch under an optimum condition at 50 °C, 6.5 pH with 0.5% of enzyme concentration for 2 h incubation time. The fish oil was then undergone enzymatic concentration of omega-3 FA using lipase from Candida rugosa. The acid value and peroxide value of the fish oil was 71.422 mg KOH/g and 0.799 meq/kg, while the acid and peroxide value of the omega-3 concentrated oil was lower to 49.074 mg KOH/g and 0.399 meq/kg. The FTIR spectrum showed the presence of C–H stretch, =C–H stretch and C=O stretch bond justified the existence of lipids as it presents of alkanes, alkene, and carboxylic acids functional group. At the same time, GC-MS analysis showed the fish oil contains higher total PUFA content and omega-3 fatty acid content than omega-3 concentrated oil.

scholarly journals COMPARISON STUDY OF EXPERIMENTAL AND SIMULATION TEMPERATURE DATA IN THE ESTERIFICATION PROCESS OF PALM FATTY ACID DISTILLATE (PFAD) IN A FLUIDISED REACTOR

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norliza BT. Abdul Rahman ◽  
Sam Yet ◽  
Noorhisham Tan Kofli
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Sugar Ester ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Reactor Kinetic ◽  
Fatty Acid Distillate

Palm Oil Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is a by-product from palm oil refinery process and normally used as ingredient of making candles, soap and others. Recently, many researchers have been carried out to diversify the utilisation of PFAD in industry. Among others is the enzimatically production of sugar ester using PFAD as substrate. However, limited kinetic and simulation data hindered the effort of large scale production. Hence, this study was executed to determine the kinetic parameters of the esterification process based on the simplified Ping-pong Bi-Bi model under the temperature range of 30°C ~ 45°C where immobilised lipase (Lipozyme 1M) was used as biocatalyst and isopropyl alcohol was used as solvent. The reaction was conducted in a cylinder resemble a fluidised reactor. Kinetic parameters derived from the experiments were used to simulate the production of sugar ester. The optimum temperature for the production of sugar ester was found to be at 40°C. The experimental results deviate slightly from the simulation results with error percentage of less than 11%. The model can be used to predict the production of sugar ester when the concentrations of the reactants are varied.

scholarly journals Extraction and Characterization of Omega-3 Fatty Acid from Catfish Using Enzymatic Hydrolysis Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 01005 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.I. Iberahim ◽  
Z. Hamzah ◽  
Y.J. Yin ◽  
K.S.A. Sohaimi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Catfish Oil

Extraction of Omega-3 fatty acid from Catfish using enzymatic hydrolysis techniques are expected to be more economically possible techniques due to the uses of enzyme with the characteristic of reusable, environmental friendly and less energy required for large-scale production. Malaysian like to consume Catfish in their daily diet. Thus, it is very popular among farmers in Malaysia. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid have many benefit to human health. Based on research, EPA and DHA can reduce the risk of heart disease by regulate the blood coagulation. The main purpose of this research is to extract the Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid by using enzymatic hydrolysis method. Enzymatic extraction technique by using Alcalase was used to extract the Catfish oil. Then, lipase was used to concentrate the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid. Peroxide value and acid value were used to determine the Catfish oil quality. Optimization using DOE verify that the highest percentage of oil yields at 51°C, 0.91% enzyme concentration and 155 minute incubation time. Finally, there are two types of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid can be found in Catfish oil which is EPA and ALA.

scholarly journals Calcium-Phosphate Combination Enhances Spinosad Production in Saccharopolyspora Spinosa via Regulation of Fatty Acid Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyang Wan ◽  
Cheng Peng ◽  
Wenxin Ding ◽  
Mengran Wang ◽  
Jinfeng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Inhibition Effect

Abstract Phosphate concentration above 10 mM reduces the production of many secondary metabolites; however, the phenomenon is not mechanistically understood yet. Specifically, the problem of phosphorus limitation in antibiotic production remains unresolved. This study investigates the phosphorus inhibition effect on spinosad production and alleviates it by calcium and phosphate supplementation to fermentation media. Furthermore, we examined the mechanism of fatty acids induced increase in polyketides production. NaH2PO4 was found to be the most effective phosphate. Under the optimal phosphate condition, the maximal spinosad production reached 520 mg/L, showing a 1.65-fold increase over the control treatment. In the NaH2PO4-CaCO3 system, the de novo fatty acid biosynthesis was significantly downregulated while spinosad biosynthesis and β-oxidation were upregulated. The coordination of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis and β-oxidation promoted intracellular acetyl-CoA concentration. The results demonstrate that NaH2PO4-CaCO3 combined addition is a simple and effective strategy to alleviate phosphorus inhibition effect through the regulation of fatty acid metabolism and accumulation of immediate precursors. This information improves our understanding of phosphates' influence on the large-scale production of polyketides.

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