The effect of the growth hormone on the brain weight-body weight ratio

1932 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Rubinstein
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Brain Weight ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals NEUROPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF DRY EXTRACTS OF FUMARIA SCHLEICHERI AND OCIMUM BASILICUM

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim Vladimirovich Tsyvunin ◽  
Sergey Yurevich Shtrygol ◽  
Yuliya Sergeevna Prokopenko
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Brain Mass ◽  
The Brain

On the model of closed traumatic brain injury in rats dry extracts of Fumaria schleicheri and Ocimum basilicum have shown a neuroprotective effect by the reduction of behavioral and cognitive disorders, normalization of the brain mass / body weight ratio and the prooxidative-antioxidative balance in CNS. According to the sum of the effects the extracts take precedence over reference drug bilobile.

scholarly journals Khat distorts the prefrontal cortex histology and function of adult Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1121-1131
Author(s):  
Isaac Echoru ◽  
Edmund E.M. Bukenya ◽  
Godfrey Masilili ◽  
Elna Owembabazi ◽  
Ann Monima Lemuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Pharmacological Significance ◽  
The Brain

Khat is a psychoactive herbal drug of pronounced ethno-pharmacological significance often abused due to its unregulated use. It affects many brain centers including the prefrontal cortex which is the anterior most part of the frontal lobe. The prefrontal cortex modulates working memory, planning complex cognitive behaviors however; it is linked to many psychological disorders such as depression, schizophrenia and memory loss. We studied the effects exerted by khat on the PFC cytoarchitecture and functions since this part of the brain is highly interconnected with various cortical regions. This was an experimental study of 6 weeks. A total of 24 male adult wistar rats of 130g-155g were divided into four groups of 6 animals that received respective khat doses of 2000mg/kg, 1000mg/kg, 500mg/kg and 10ml/kg of distilled water for the controls. Brain to body weight ratio was determined at week 6 using an analytical balance (Fisher Science Education™, RS232C; USA). Histology of the brain was determined using H and E and Kulvers staining technique. Khat exhibited features of prefrontal cortex disorientation such as necrosis, vacuolations, chromatolysis, demyelination, cortical degeneration and hemorrhage in a dose dependent manner. Selective attention and working memory were impaired well as brain to body weight ratio was reduced significantly (P ≤ 0.05). Repeated exposure to khat distorts the prefrontal cortex cytoarchitecture and impairs selective attention and working memory accuracy due to ischemia and cell exhaustion by khat toxicity.Keywords: Khat, prefrontal cortex histology, working memory, selective attention

Brain weight–body weight ratio in sudden infant death syndrome revisited

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A Elliott ◽  
Robert Vink ◽  
Lisbeth Jensen ◽  
Roger W Byard
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Brain Weight ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Body Weight Ratio

scholarly journals Nigella Sativa Prevented Parkinson's-Like Motor Functions Impairment, Dopamine Depletion and Neuronal Degeneration in the Striatum of Mptp-Induced Balb/C Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Royhaan Folarin ◽  
Akinola Olonade ◽  
Imam Aminu ◽  
Praise Ogunkunle ◽  
Paul Folarin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dopamine Depletion ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Parkinsonism is a neurological disease characterised by dopaminergic neuron degeneration in the substantial nigra and dopamine deficiency in the brain, with motor and psycho-cognitive implications, while limitations masked the efficacy of the available drugs, thus the need to find alternatives with less side effects are essential. Nigella sativa is a multi-potent plant with therapeutic potentials in the brain and other body organs. This study investigated the effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on the cognitive and other Parkinsonism endophenotypes elicited by MPTP in the BALB/c strain mice. Materials and Methods Body weights, brain-body ratios, recognition memory (through novel object recognition test), as well as fronto-cortical, striatal and cerebellar dopamine and neuronal density were assayed in thirty-two (32) male BALB/c mice (18 g − 25 g). They were randomized into four groups exposed to; normal feed, 18 mg/kg MPTP i.p, 1 ml/kgbw NSO p.o., and NSO + MPTP respectively, for 5 consecutive days. Behaviours were analysed 24 hours after the last exposure, subsequently euthanized, the brains removed and processed for biomarkers analysis and histochemistry. Results Parkinsonism-like traits such as mild tremor, down-regulation of striatal and fronto-cortical dopamine and neurons were recorded in the BALB/c mice administered with MPTP only. However, significant increase (p < 0.05) in appetite, body weight, brain-body weight ratio, and recognition memory was also recorded in the MPTP-administered mice, though Nigella sativa was significantly prophylactic against the negative Parkinsonic features, and ‘moderative’ of the up-regulations induced by MPTP. Conclusion While this suggests selective MPTP sensitivity and resistance in BALB/c strains, this study recommends the investigation of possible (though ironic) beneficial potentials of MPTP.

Factors Affecting Blood Volumes in Hypophysectomized Female Rats

1957 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Bond ◽  
Samuel L. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Total Plasma Protein

Plasma volume by the dye (T-1824) method, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and plasma specific gravity were determined, and from them total blood and erythrocyte volumes and plasma protein concentration were derived in hypophysectomized female rats fed standard and enriched diets. The effects of insulin, growth hormone and prolactin were also studied. Hypophysectomy decreased the plasma volume and established a lower, stable plasma volume/body weight ratio which was not influenced significantly by diet or hormones. The erythrocyte volume/body weight ratio markedly reduced after hypophysectomy, was readily increased by the enriched diet, especially in younger animals. Insulin injections did not alter the blood picture or increase the body weight. Growth hormone increased both plasma and erythrocyte volumes proportionally to the elevation in body weight and also increased the total plasma protein. Prolactin, possibly contaminated with growth hormone as noted by the tibia test, acted similarly to growth hormone but to a lesser extent.

Effects of growth hormone and thyroxine on kidney insulin-like growth factor-I and renal growth in hypophysectomized rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Marshall ◽  
A. Flyvbjerg ◽  
K. D. Jørgensen ◽  
J. Weeke ◽  
H. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Renal Growth ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

ABSTRACT The effects of treatment for 11 days with human growth hormone (hGH; 140 μg/day), thyroxine (T4; 3 μg/day) and hGH + T4 on renal growth and content of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in hypophysectomized rats have been compared with saline-treated hypophysectomized animals and intact control animals. Right kidney weight and kidney weight/body weight ratio remained low in the saline-treated group (313±9 vs 694±28 mg in controls on day 11, P<0·001 and 3·4±0·12 × 10−3 vs 4·2±0·10× 10−3, P< 0·005 respectively). In T4- and hGH-treated animals, kidney weight gain was similar (to 420 ± 14 and 450±22 mg on day 11 respectively, P>0·05), whilst the increase was greater in the group given hGH + T4 (to 572 ±34 mg, P< 0·001 compared with hGH- and T4-treated groups). The kidney weight/body weight ratio became normal in the T4- and hGH + T4-treated animals but remained low in the hGH-treated group. The renal content of IGF-I was low in the salinetreated animals throughout the study (92±10 ng/g on day 11 vs 219±8 ng/g in control animals, P< 0·001), but increased to a maximum of 88% above baseline on day 1 in the group given T4. In the hGH-and hGH + T4-treated groups, renal IGF-I concentration rose to a peak of 317% above baseline on days 2 to 4, then fell to the values seen in control animals on day 11 (hGH: 242±18 ng/g; hGH + T4: 320 ± 41 ng/g; controls: 219 ± 8 ng/g; P> 0·05 for all comparisons). Thus treatment with hGH or T4 results in similar kidney weight gain, despite a greater rise in the renal concentration of IGF-I in the hGH-treated animals. Treatment with both hGH + T4 leads to an increase in the renal concentration of IGF-I similar to that seen with hGH treatment alone, but a larger increase in kidney weight, suggesting that T4 does not stimulate renal growth via the IGF-I pathway and that growth promotion by hGH and T4 is additive. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 136, 399–406

scholarly journals Creatine Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Liver Damage by Inhibiting Liver Fibrosis, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Cellular Senescence

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Nouf Aljobaily ◽  
Michael J. Viereckl ◽  
David S. Hydock ◽  
Hend Aljobaily ◽  
Tsung-Yen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Chromosomal Stability

Background: Treatment with the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX) may lead to toxicities that affect non-cancer cells including the liver. Supplementing the diet with creatine (Cr) has been suggested as a potential intervention to minimize DOX-induced side effects, but its effect in alleviating DOX-induced hepatoxicity is currently unknown. Therefore, we aimed to examine the effects of Cr supplementation on DOX-induced liver damage. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a diet supplemented with 2% Cr for four weeks, 4% Cr for one week followed by 2% Cr for three more weeks, or control diet for four weeks. Animals then received either a bolus i.p. injection of DOX (15 mg/kg) or saline as a placebo. Animals were then sacrificed five days-post injection and markers of hepatoxicity were analyzed using the liver-to-body weight ratio, aspartate transaminase (AST)-to- alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lipemia, and T-Bilirubin. In addition, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Picro-Sirius Red staining, and immunofluorescence staining for CD45, 8-OHdG, and β-galactosidase were performed to evaluate liver morphology, fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular senescence, respectively. The mRNA levels for biomarkers of liver fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and senescence-related genes were measured in liver tissues. Chromosomal stability was evaluated using global DNA methylation ELISA. Results: The ALT/AST ratio and liver to body weight ratio tended to increase in the DOX group, and Cr supplementation tended to attenuate this increase. Furthermore, elevated levels of liver fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and senescence were observed with DOX treatment, and Cr supplementation prior to DOX treatment ameliorated this hepatoxicity. Moreover, DOX treatment resulted in chromosomal instability (i.e., altered DNA methylation profile), and Cr supplementation showed a tendency to restore chromosomal stability with DOX treatment. Conclusion: The data suggest that Cr protected against DOX-induced hepatotoxicity by attenuating fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and senescence.

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