scholarly journals Nigella Sativa Prevented Parkinson's-Like Motor Functions Impairment, Dopamine Depletion and Neuronal Degeneration in the Striatum of Mptp-Induced Balb/C Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Royhaan Folarin ◽  
Akinola Olonade ◽  
Imam Aminu ◽  
Praise Ogunkunle ◽  
Paul Folarin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dopamine Depletion ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Parkinsonism is a neurological disease characterised by dopaminergic neuron degeneration in the substantial nigra and dopamine deficiency in the brain, with motor and psycho-cognitive implications, while limitations masked the efficacy of the available drugs, thus the need to find alternatives with less side effects are essential. Nigella sativa is a multi-potent plant with therapeutic potentials in the brain and other body organs. This study investigated the effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on the cognitive and other Parkinsonism endophenotypes elicited by MPTP in the BALB/c strain mice. Materials and Methods Body weights, brain-body ratios, recognition memory (through novel object recognition test), as well as fronto-cortical, striatal and cerebellar dopamine and neuronal density were assayed in thirty-two (32) male BALB/c mice (18 g − 25 g). They were randomized into four groups exposed to; normal feed, 18 mg/kg MPTP i.p, 1 ml/kgbw NSO p.o., and NSO + MPTP respectively, for 5 consecutive days. Behaviours were analysed 24 hours after the last exposure, subsequently euthanized, the brains removed and processed for biomarkers analysis and histochemistry. Results Parkinsonism-like traits such as mild tremor, down-regulation of striatal and fronto-cortical dopamine and neurons were recorded in the BALB/c mice administered with MPTP only. However, significant increase (p < 0.05) in appetite, body weight, brain-body weight ratio, and recognition memory was also recorded in the MPTP-administered mice, though Nigella sativa was significantly prophylactic against the negative Parkinsonic features, and ‘moderative’ of the up-regulations induced by MPTP. Conclusion While this suggests selective MPTP sensitivity and resistance in BALB/c strains, this study recommends the investigation of possible (though ironic) beneficial potentials of MPTP.

scholarly journals SUB-CHRONIC MPTP-INDUCED PARKINSONISM: SELECTIVE SENSITIVITY OF THE BALB/c MICE AND THE PROPHYLACTIC ROLES OF NIGELLA SATIVA OIL

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Royhaan Folarin ◽  
Akinola Olonade ◽  
Praise Ogunkunle ◽  
Philemon Shallie ◽  
Thomas Adenowo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Striatal Neurons ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Nigella Sativa Oil ◽  
Neuron Density ◽  
Animal Research Ethics ◽  
Selective Sensitivity

Parkinsonism is a degenerative neurological syndrome characterised by dopamine deficiency in the basal ganglia. Despite ages of research, there is still lack of holistic and side-effect-free therapy for the disease. Nigella sativa is a multi-potent plant known for its historical and scientifically proven therapeutic potentials in the brain and other body organs. Despite the validity debates on the use of BALB/c mice strains in the modelling of Parkinsonism using MPTP, this study re-appraised the sensitivity versus resistance of the BALB/c mice strain to MPTP and further investigated the possible neuro-thrapeutic role of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) in the Parkinsonic endophenotypes elicited by MPTP in the BALB/c strain. Body weights, relative brain weights, striatal dopamine, striatal neuron density and recognition memory were studied in thirty-two (32) male albino mice, weighing between 18g -25g. They were divided equally into Control (administered with normal feed for 5 days), MPTP (administered with 18mg/kg MPTP i.p for 5 days), NS (administered with 1ml/kgbw NSO p.o. for 5 days), and NS+MPTP (administered with 1ml/kgbw NSO p.o. followed by 18mg/kg MPTP i.p for 5 days). Recognition memory was assayed through Novel Object Recognition test (NORT), and the animals were weighed and euthanised 24 hours after last administration. The brains were excised and the striatum assayed neurochemically for dopamine and illustrated histologically for neuronal density using the H&amp;E stain. Parkinsonic traits such as mild tremor, significant down-regulation of dopamine and striatal neurons (p&lt;0.05) were recorded in the BALB/c mice administered with MPTP only, confirming MPTP-sensitivity for these features. However, significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in appetite, body weight, brain-body weight ratio, and recognition memory was also recorded in the MPTP-administered mice, though Nigella sativa was significantly prophylactic against the negative Parkinsonic features, and ‘moderative’ of the up-regulations induced by MPTP. While this suggests selective MPTP sensitivity and resistance in BALB/c strains, this study recommends the investigation of possible beneficial potentials of MPTP as observed. The research was conducted in conformance with the Animal Research Ethics Committee (AREC) guidelines of the Olabisi Onabanjo University.

scholarly journals NEUROPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF DRY EXTRACTS OF FUMARIA SCHLEICHERI AND OCIMUM BASILICUM

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim Vladimirovich Tsyvunin ◽  
Sergey Yurevich Shtrygol ◽  
Yuliya Sergeevna Prokopenko
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Brain Mass ◽  
The Brain

On the model of closed traumatic brain injury in rats dry extracts of Fumaria schleicheri and Ocimum basilicum have shown a neuroprotective effect by the reduction of behavioral and cognitive disorders, normalization of the brain mass / body weight ratio and the prooxidative-antioxidative balance in CNS. According to the sum of the effects the extracts take precedence over reference drug bilobile.

scholarly journals Khat distorts the prefrontal cortex histology and function of adult Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1121-1131
Author(s):  
Isaac Echoru ◽  
Edmund E.M. Bukenya ◽  
Godfrey Masilili ◽  
Elna Owembabazi ◽  
Ann Monima Lemuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Pharmacological Significance ◽  
The Brain

Khat is a psychoactive herbal drug of pronounced ethno-pharmacological significance often abused due to its unregulated use. It affects many brain centers including the prefrontal cortex which is the anterior most part of the frontal lobe. The prefrontal cortex modulates working memory, planning complex cognitive behaviors however; it is linked to many psychological disorders such as depression, schizophrenia and memory loss. We studied the effects exerted by khat on the PFC cytoarchitecture and functions since this part of the brain is highly interconnected with various cortical regions. This was an experimental study of 6 weeks. A total of 24 male adult wistar rats of 130g-155g were divided into four groups of 6 animals that received respective khat doses of 2000mg/kg, 1000mg/kg, 500mg/kg and 10ml/kg of distilled water for the controls. Brain to body weight ratio was determined at week 6 using an analytical balance (Fisher Science Education™, RS232C; USA). Histology of the brain was determined using H and E and Kulvers staining technique. Khat exhibited features of prefrontal cortex disorientation such as necrosis, vacuolations, chromatolysis, demyelination, cortical degeneration and hemorrhage in a dose dependent manner. Selective attention and working memory were impaired well as brain to body weight ratio was reduced significantly (P ≤ 0.05). Repeated exposure to khat distorts the prefrontal cortex cytoarchitecture and impairs selective attention and working memory accuracy due to ischemia and cell exhaustion by khat toxicity.Keywords: Khat, prefrontal cortex histology, working memory, selective attention

scholarly journals Lymphoid organ weights and organ: body weight ratios of growing beagles

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Yang ◽  
S. L. Gawlak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Lymphoid Organ ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Body Weights

Although dogs, especially beagles, are used extensively in biological and clinical investigations, the literature dealing with normal biological measurements of their lymphoid organs is scanty. This study was undertaken to provide the information on the weight of lymphoid organs of beagles. The thymus, spleen, and prescapular, popliteal, and mesenteric lymph nodes of 95 normal beagle dogs, from one day to 11 months of age, were weighed and compared with body weights. The weight of the thymus and spleen increased drastically at and after 2 months of age, although the organ : body weight ratios remained the same at 2 months of age and decreased afterward. Similar increases in the weight of the mesenteric lymph node complex, but with an increase in the organ : body weight ratio, occurred also at and after 2 months of age, reflecting the importance of the gut-associated lymphoid organs after weaning. The increases in the size of the cutaneous nodes, prescapular and popliteal, were less pronounced and their organ : body weight ratios remained the same from birth through 11 months of age.

scholarly journals T191. FRONTO-CORTICAL ROLES OF NIGELLA SATIVA IN SOCIALLY ISOLATED MICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S304-S304
Author(s):  
Royhaan Folarin ◽  
Bolaji Otenaike ◽  
Goodness Samuel ◽  
Falilat Bakare ◽  
Barnabas Onamusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Brain Weight ◽  
Isolation Rearing ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Nigella Sativa Oil ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Socially Isolated ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Background Schizophrenia is a chronic debilitating mental disorder, modelled developmentally in animals by social isolation rearing (SIR). This study investigated the roles of Nigella sativa, a multi-therapeutic plant oil, on the fronto-cortical functions and alterations in socially isolated BALB/c mice. Methods Body weights, relative brain weights, dopamine, glutamate and GPX levels, as well as recognition memory were measured in 75 albino pups of 10 weeks age. These pups were divided into CTRL,NS,SIR, SIR NS and NS SIR. CTRL (socialised) and SIR (isolated) received 10ml/kg normal saline orally for 10 days, while the NS-SIR, NS and SIR-NS received 1ml/kg Nigella sativa oil orally for 10 days either prophylactically (prenatal exposure), alone without isolation, or interventionally respectively. Recognition memory was assayed through novel object recognition test and the animals were euthanized. Brains were excised for histological examination of the frontal Cortex using the H&E stain. Results Significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in fronto-cortical glutamate, dopamine, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), as well as recognition memory index, relative brain weight and total body weights were recorded in the isolated mice that were pre-treated and post-treated with Nigella sativa, compared with the untreated ones. However, no significant neuroarchitectural difference was observed histologically across the frontal cortices of the mice. Discussion Nigella sativa was significantly prophylactic and ameliorative of the neurochemical and neurobehavioural schizotypic deficits induced in socially isolated BALB/c mice. This was revealed by glutamate, dopamine, GPX, recognition index and relative brain weight values of the pretreated and post-treated mice. Use of dendritic and Nissl markers are recommended for better histological appreciation

scholarly journals Creatine Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Liver Damage by Inhibiting Liver Fibrosis, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Cellular Senescence

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Nouf Aljobaily ◽  
Michael J. Viereckl ◽  
David S. Hydock ◽  
Hend Aljobaily ◽  
Tsung-Yen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Chromosomal Stability

Background: Treatment with the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX) may lead to toxicities that affect non-cancer cells including the liver. Supplementing the diet with creatine (Cr) has been suggested as a potential intervention to minimize DOX-induced side effects, but its effect in alleviating DOX-induced hepatoxicity is currently unknown. Therefore, we aimed to examine the effects of Cr supplementation on DOX-induced liver damage. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a diet supplemented with 2% Cr for four weeks, 4% Cr for one week followed by 2% Cr for three more weeks, or control diet for four weeks. Animals then received either a bolus i.p. injection of DOX (15 mg/kg) or saline as a placebo. Animals were then sacrificed five days-post injection and markers of hepatoxicity were analyzed using the liver-to-body weight ratio, aspartate transaminase (AST)-to- alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lipemia, and T-Bilirubin. In addition, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Picro-Sirius Red staining, and immunofluorescence staining for CD45, 8-OHdG, and β-galactosidase were performed to evaluate liver morphology, fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular senescence, respectively. The mRNA levels for biomarkers of liver fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and senescence-related genes were measured in liver tissues. Chromosomal stability was evaluated using global DNA methylation ELISA. Results: The ALT/AST ratio and liver to body weight ratio tended to increase in the DOX group, and Cr supplementation tended to attenuate this increase. Furthermore, elevated levels of liver fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and senescence were observed with DOX treatment, and Cr supplementation prior to DOX treatment ameliorated this hepatoxicity. Moreover, DOX treatment resulted in chromosomal instability (i.e., altered DNA methylation profile), and Cr supplementation showed a tendency to restore chromosomal stability with DOX treatment. Conclusion: The data suggest that Cr protected against DOX-induced hepatotoxicity by attenuating fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and senescence.

Exercise and clenbuterol as strategies to decrease the progression of muscular dystrophy in mdx mice

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 734-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Dupont-Versteegden
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mdx Mice ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Sedentary Group ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Tetanic Tension

The effects of exercise and the combination of exercise and clenbuterol on progression of muscular dystrophy were studied in mdx mice. At 3 wk of age, mdx mice were randomly assigned to sedentary (MS), exercise (ME), or combined exercise and clenbuterol (MEC) groups. Clenbuterol was given in the drinking water (1.0-1.5 mg . kg body weight-1 . day-1), and exercise consisted of spontaneous running activity on exercise wheels. At 3 mo or 1 yr of age, ventilatory function, contractile properties, and morphological characteristics of the soleus (Sol) and diaphragm (Dia) muscles were measured. The mdx mice receiving clenbuterol ran less than the mice without clenbuterol. The combination of clenbuterol and exercise was associated with an increase in Sol muscle weight and a muscle weight-to-body weight ratio of 30-35% compared with the sedentary group and approximately 20% compared to exercise alone. Myosin and total protein concentrations of the Sol and Dia increased in the MEC group at 1 yr of age only. Normalized active tension was increased in the Dia at 1 yr of age in both the ME and MEC groups by approximately 30%. Absolute tetanic tension of the Sol was increased at both 3 mo and 1 yr of age in the MEC compared with the MS group. At 1 yr of age, there was an additional 23% increase compared with the ME group. Fatigability increased in the MEC group by approximately 25% in the Sol and Dia muscles at both ages compared with the MS and ME groups. Results indicate that exercise and exercise plus clenbuterol decrease the progression of muscular dystrophy. However, different mechanisms may be involved because the combination of clenbuterol and exercise resulted in increased fatigability and the development of deformities, whereas exercise alone did not. Therefore, clenbuterol may not be suitable for use in patients with muscular dystrophy.

A study on the safety evaluation of buphrenorphine administered through an autoinjector compared with manual injection using haematological and biochemical variables in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 901-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sheela ◽  
R Vijayaraghavan ◽  
S Senthilkumar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Manual Group ◽  
Significant Change

Buprenorphine drug cartridge was made for autoinjector device for use in emergency and critical situations to reduce the morbidity and mortality. Water-filled cartridges were prepared and buprenorphine was injected aseptically in the cartridge, to make 0.05 and 0.10 mg/mL. Rats were injected intraperitoneally, buprenorphine (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg), repeatedly with the autoinjector and compared with manual injection (7 days and 14 days) using various haematological and biochemical parameters. No significant change was observed in the body weight, organ to body weight ratio and haematological variables in any of the experimental groups compared with the control group. Except serum urea and aspartate aminotransferase, no significant change was observed in glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, bilirubin, protein, albumin, creatinine, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase. The autoinjectors deliver the drugs with spray effect and force for faster absorption. In the present study, the autoinjector meant for intramuscular injection was injected intraperitoneally in rats, and the drug was delivered with force on the vital organs. No significant difference was observed in the autoinjector group compared to the manual group showing tolerability and safety of the buphrenorphine autoinjector. This study shows that buprenorphine autoinjector can be considered for further research work.

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