Factors Affecting Blood Volumes in Hypophysectomized Female Rats

1957 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Bond ◽  
Samuel L. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Total Plasma Protein

Plasma volume by the dye (T-1824) method, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and plasma specific gravity were determined, and from them total blood and erythrocyte volumes and plasma protein concentration were derived in hypophysectomized female rats fed standard and enriched diets. The effects of insulin, growth hormone and prolactin were also studied. Hypophysectomy decreased the plasma volume and established a lower, stable plasma volume/body weight ratio which was not influenced significantly by diet or hormones. The erythrocyte volume/body weight ratio markedly reduced after hypophysectomy, was readily increased by the enriched diet, especially in younger animals. Insulin injections did not alter the blood picture or increase the body weight. Growth hormone increased both plasma and erythrocyte volumes proportionally to the elevation in body weight and also increased the total plasma protein. Prolactin, possibly contaminated with growth hormone as noted by the tibia test, acted similarly to growth hormone but to a lesser extent.

A study on the safety evaluation of buphrenorphine administered through an autoinjector compared with manual injection using haematological and biochemical variables in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 901-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sheela ◽  
R Vijayaraghavan ◽  
S Senthilkumar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Manual Group ◽  
Significant Change

Buprenorphine drug cartridge was made for autoinjector device for use in emergency and critical situations to reduce the morbidity and mortality. Water-filled cartridges were prepared and buprenorphine was injected aseptically in the cartridge, to make 0.05 and 0.10 mg/mL. Rats were injected intraperitoneally, buprenorphine (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg), repeatedly with the autoinjector and compared with manual injection (7 days and 14 days) using various haematological and biochemical parameters. No significant change was observed in the body weight, organ to body weight ratio and haematological variables in any of the experimental groups compared with the control group. Except serum urea and aspartate aminotransferase, no significant change was observed in glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, bilirubin, protein, albumin, creatinine, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase. The autoinjectors deliver the drugs with spray effect and force for faster absorption. In the present study, the autoinjector meant for intramuscular injection was injected intraperitoneally in rats, and the drug was delivered with force on the vital organs. No significant difference was observed in the autoinjector group compared to the manual group showing tolerability and safety of the buphrenorphine autoinjector. This study shows that buprenorphine autoinjector can be considered for further research work.

THE INTERRELATION OF THE GROWTH AND METABOLIC RESPONSES TO ANTERIOR PITUITARY GROWTH HORMONE ADMINISTRATION

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1113-1118
Author(s):  
George H. Beaton ◽  
Hannah Z. Banky ◽  
Audrey M. Haufschild
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Metabolic Alterations ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Body Weight Increase

Doses of growth hormone which were minimal with respect to body weight increase were sufficient to produce significant alterations in liver alanine – glutamic transaminase and arginase activities and blood urea and amino nitrogen levels. The biochemical effects of the hormone appeared coincident with the body weight increase. Female rats showed a more pronounced response to growth hormone than did male rats. This sex difference was evident with respect to all of the metabolic alterations observed. Although it is not possible to state whether the metabolic alterations are direct effects of the hormone, they do take an integral part in bringing about the over-all biological effect.

Hypertension and Cardiac Hypertrophy in Growth Hormone-Deficient Rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Harrap ◽  
Shari R. Datodi ◽  
Emma K. Crapper ◽  
Leon A. Bach
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Deoxycorticosterone Acetate ◽  
F344 Rats

1. Growth hormone may influence cardiac growth during post-natal maturation or in response to hypertension, and the growth-hormone deficient dwarf rat model offers an opportunity to study this question. 2. We compared the blood pressure and heart weight of dwarf rats and Fischer (F344) control rats in early adulthood, after two hypertensive stimuli: unilateral renal ischaemia (two-kidney, one-clip) or the administration of deoxycorticosterone acetate and saline drinking fluid. 3. In untreated animals at 13 weeks of age the body weight of dwarf rats was significantly less than that of F344 rats, but the mean arterial pressure was similar. Although the hearts of dwarf rats were smaller than those of F344 rats, the heart weight/body weight ratio was significantly greater in dwarf rats. 4. Both dwarf and F344 rats developed similar hypertensive mean arterial pressures 5 weeks after left renal artery clipping or treatment with deoxycorticosterone acetate salt. The heart weights of hypertensive dwarf and F344 rats were equivalent, indicating a proportionally greater increase in cardiac size in dwarf rats for the same rise in blood pressure. 5. The plasma insulin-like growth factor-I level was markedly lower in dwarf than in F344 rats, and hypertension did not have any significant effects on these levels. 6. These findings indicate that the developmental increase in blood pressure and heart size in growing animals and the adaptive cardiac hypertrophy accompanying hypertension are not affected by growth hormone deficiency.

scholarly journals PSX-15 Fall grazing of annual forages with fall born lambs may improve animal growth and total protein concentrations when compared to stockpiled pastures

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 451-452
Author(s):  
Braden J Campbell ◽  
Christine Gelley ◽  
Jefferson S McCutcheon ◽  
Francis L Fluharty ◽  
Anthony J Parker
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Total Plasma Protein

Abstract There is a consistent demand for grass-fed livestock products in the domestic market. Alternative grazing strategies should be considered to sustain the year-round production of grass-fed products that meet consumer demand and support animal health and performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of annual forages on the growth and parasite resilience of growing lambs. We hypothesized that lambs grazing annual forages would increase their body weight at a greater rate when compared to lambs grazing stockpiled pasture. A total of 54, 60-day-old lambs (24 kg ± 4.9 kg) were stratified by weight, sex, and randomly assigned to one of three grazing treatments: 1) oats (O); 2) turnips (T); and 3) stockpiled tall fescue pasture (F). Lamb body weight and indices of parasitism were measured every 14 days. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS. There was a treatment × day effect for body weight such that T lambs were heavier on days 42 and 56 than O and F lambs (P < 0.03). Furthermore, there was a treatment × day effect for average daily gain (ADG) whereas T lambs had a greater ADG on days 28 and 42 than O and F lambs (P < 0.0001). In addition, on day 42, F lambs had a greater ADG when compared to O lambs (P < 0.003). For the indices of parasitism, T lambs demonstrated lesser total plasma protein concentration on days 28 and 42 when compared with O lambs (P < 0.05). Forage type plays a critical role in lamb resilience to gastrointestinal parasites and body weight gain whereas T lambs showed a greater liveweight gain. However, T lambs also demonstrated lesser concentrations of total plasma protein when compared to O lambs. Under these conditions, annual forages adequately sustained the growth of fall grazing lambs.

Oxygen Toxicity in the Newborn Lung: Reversal of Inhibition of DNA Synthesis in the Mouse

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
William H. Northway ◽  
Laurel Rezeau ◽  
Rita Petriceks ◽  
Klaus G. Bensch
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Oxygen Toxicity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Newborn Mice ◽  
Inhibition Of Dna Synthesis

Continuous exposure to 100% oxygen at atmospheric pressure for two weeks causes significant alterations in the growth of the lung and the body of newborn mice. These changes can be divided into three phases. The initial phase, which lasts 96 hours, is characterized by inhibition of lung DNA synthesis, diminished total lung DNA, and a decrease in the ratio of lung DNA to body weight. The intermediate phase from 96 to 144 hours is characterized by a sharp increase in mortality, a plateau in body weight, and a minimal lung DNA/body weight ratio. During this period, however, surviving animals show a reversal of the inhibition of DNA synthesis and thus an increase in total lung DNA. The third phase, occurring after 144 hours, is characterized by a continued increase in DNA synthesis and total lung DNA, a gain in body weight, a return of the lung DNA/body weight ratio to control levels, and a sharp decline in mortality. The survival rate of 54% in newborn mice over two weeks contrasts with the near total mortality reported for adult experimental animals similarly exposed. The reversal of the inhibition of lung DNA synthesis in surviving mice suggests either that some newborn animals are inherently resistant to pulmonary oxygen toxicity or that they develop, during a critical exposure period, an adaptive process necessary for their survival.

Renaturalizing the sexually dimorphic profiles of circulating growth hormone in hypophysectomized rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisar A. Pampori ◽  
Arun K. Agrawal ◽  
Bernard H. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Indwelling Catheter ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

Abstract. Hypophysectomy resulted in a total elimination of measurable circulating growth hormone with an associated loss of body weight gain. The typical sexually dimorphic plasma growth hormone patterns: pulsatile profiles in male rats and tonic-like secretion in female rats, were lost. The male- and female-dependent profiles of plasma growth hormone, monitored from serial blood collections, were restored by administering the hormone through a single electrically controlled external pump attached to an indwelling catheter, and by implanting osmotic pumps intraperitoneally, respectively. Restoring the natural patterns of plasma growth hormone in animals devoid of pituitaries, re-initiated body growth. However, the body weight gains in both sexes of hypophysectomized rats were much greater when rat growth hormone was introduced to the animals in a masculine (pulsatile) pattern that appeared to be independent of pulse frequency, rather than in a continuous feminine profile. Subcutaneous injections, the most commonly reported method of administration, produced low-amplitude, long-lasting plasma peaks that were not as effective as pulse infusion in restoring growth. The procedure allows manipulation of the hormone profile (i.e. number of pulses/day, pulse amplitude, and through duration in the pulsatile pattern, and plasma concentration in the tonic pattern) in order to identify, and thus study the presumed salient components of the pattern regulating growth hormone responses.

Hormonal Influences on DDT Metabolism in the White Rat

1956 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Durham ◽  
Cipriano Cueto ◽  
Wayland J. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Gonadal Growth

The influence of diethylstilbestrol (DES) and testosterone propionate (TP) on the storage of DDT and its metabolite, DDE, was studied in normal and in gonadectomized rats. As expected, TP dosage increased the growth of female rats while DES administration inhibited the growth of males. Both hormones inhibited gonadal growth. Rats that received either DDT or hormone showed an increased liver weight/body weight ratio as compared to control animals. This effect was more marked in males than in females. DES increased DDT and DDE storage in fat in the male while TP decreased these values in the female. Similar effects of hormone dosage were noted on the ratio of DDE to total DDT-derived material stored in fat.

Ovariectomy augments pressure overload-induced hypertrophy associated with changes in Akt and nitric oxide synthase signaling pathways in female rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (6) ◽  
pp. E1606-E1614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Shenuarin Bhuiyan ◽  
Norifumi Shioda ◽  
Kohji Fukunaga
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Body Weight Ratio

To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying estrogen-mediated cardioprotection in left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and remodeling, we analyzed myocardial hypertrophy as well as cardiac function and hypertrophy-related protein expression in ovariectomized, aortic-banded rats. Wistar rats subjected to bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) were further treated with abdominal aortic stenosis. Effects on LV morphology and function were assessed using echocardiography, and expression of protein levels was determined by Western blot analysis. The heart-to-body weight ratio was most significantly increased in the OVX-pressure overload (PO) group compared with the OVX group and in the PO group compared with sham. The LV weight-to-body weight ratio was also significantly increased in the OVX-PO group compared with the OVX group and in the PO group compared with sham. The most significant increases in LV end diastolic pressure, LV developed pressure, and ±dp/d tmax were observed in the OVX-PO group compared with the OVX group and represent compensatory phenotypes against hypertrophy. Both endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) synthase expression and activity was markedly reduced in the OVX-PO group, and protein kinase B (Akt) activity was largely attenuated. Marked breakdown of dystrophin was also seen in hearts of OVX-PO groups. Finally, significantly increased mortality was observed in the OVX-PO group following chronic isoproterenol administration. Our results demonstrate that rats subjected to ovariectomy are unable to compensate for hypertrophy, showed deteriorated heart function, and demonstrated increased mortality. Simultaneous impairment of eNOS and Akt activities and reduced dystrophin by ovariectomy likely contribute to cardiac decompensation during PO-induced hypertrophy in ovariectomized rats.

Effects of growth hormone and thyroxine on kidney insulin-like growth factor-I and renal growth in hypophysectomized rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Marshall ◽  
A. Flyvbjerg ◽  
K. D. Jørgensen ◽  
J. Weeke ◽  
H. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Renal Growth ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

ABSTRACT The effects of treatment for 11 days with human growth hormone (hGH; 140 μg/day), thyroxine (T4; 3 μg/day) and hGH + T4 on renal growth and content of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in hypophysectomized rats have been compared with saline-treated hypophysectomized animals and intact control animals. Right kidney weight and kidney weight/body weight ratio remained low in the saline-treated group (313±9 vs 694±28 mg in controls on day 11, P<0·001 and 3·4±0·12 × 10−3 vs 4·2±0·10× 10−3, P< 0·005 respectively). In T4- and hGH-treated animals, kidney weight gain was similar (to 420 ± 14 and 450±22 mg on day 11 respectively, P>0·05), whilst the increase was greater in the group given hGH + T4 (to 572 ±34 mg, P< 0·001 compared with hGH- and T4-treated groups). The kidney weight/body weight ratio became normal in the T4- and hGH + T4-treated animals but remained low in the hGH-treated group. The renal content of IGF-I was low in the salinetreated animals throughout the study (92±10 ng/g on day 11 vs 219±8 ng/g in control animals, P< 0·001), but increased to a maximum of 88% above baseline on day 1 in the group given T4. In the hGH-and hGH + T4-treated groups, renal IGF-I concentration rose to a peak of 317% above baseline on days 2 to 4, then fell to the values seen in control animals on day 11 (hGH: 242±18 ng/g; hGH + T4: 320 ± 41 ng/g; controls: 219 ± 8 ng/g; P> 0·05 for all comparisons). Thus treatment with hGH or T4 results in similar kidney weight gain, despite a greater rise in the renal concentration of IGF-I in the hGH-treated animals. Treatment with both hGH + T4 leads to an increase in the renal concentration of IGF-I similar to that seen with hGH treatment alone, but a larger increase in kidney weight, suggesting that T4 does not stimulate renal growth via the IGF-I pathway and that growth promotion by hGH and T4 is additive. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 136, 399–406

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