The relationship of natural and social sciences to social problems and the contribution of the information scientist to their solutions

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe R. Hoffer
Author(s):  
Horst Holzer

This paper presents the English translation of one of Horst Holzer’s works on communication and society. Holzer elaborates foundations of a critical sociology of communication(s) that studies the relationship of communication and society based on the approach of critical political economy. He shows that such an approach relates communication and production, communication and capitalism; communication, ideology and fetishism; and situates communication in the context of social struggles for alternatives to capitalist social forms. The paper is followed by a postface in which Christian Fuchs contemplates why Holzer’s approach has been largely “forgotten” in the German social sciences and media and communication studies, in turn stressing the continued relevance of Holzer’s theory today.


1970 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
Ryszard Cichocki ◽  
Klaudia Jankowska

The article attempts a reconstruction and an in-depth characterization of the connections between basic sociological research and their applications for solving social problems. For W.I. Thomas and F. Znaniecki, social phenomena and processes that arose in American cities under the influence of mass migration processes at the turn of the 19th century constituted the starting point of their research program. By conducting sociological research, originally intended as applied sociological research, they decided that in order to create conditions for rational social control over socially unacceptable phenomena it was crucial to formulate a theoretical model, which would serve as a basis for describing, explaining and predicting the researched phenomena. Consequently, it would allow presenting the key conditions for creating rational techniques for controlling the environment on the basis of scientific research. The present article contains an analysis of the following elements: assumptions regarding the rational technique models, the relationship between the aforementioned type of technique and other techniques, the relationship between this type of technique and theoretical knowledge in social sciences, assumptions with respect to scientific knowledge in sociology that it needs to meet in order to constitute a foundation for solving social problems strategies. Ryszard Cichocki, Klaudia Jankowska, „Chłop polski w Europie i Ameryce” a problem relacji pomiędzy badaniami socjologicznymi a ich aplikacjami dla potrzeb rozwiązywania problemów społecznych [„The Polish Peasant in Europe and America” and the problem of relations between sociological research and its applications for solving social problems] edited by M. Nowak, „Człowiek i Społeczeństwo” vol. XLVII: „Chłop polski w Europie i Ameryce” po stu latach [Polish peasant in Europe and America after one hundred years], Poznań 2019, pp. 19–35, Adam Mickiewicz University. Faculty of Social Sciences Press. ISSN 0239-3271.


2020 ◽  
pp. 111-134
Author(s):  
Paul Thompson ◽  
Ken Plummer ◽  
Neli Demireva

This chapter focuses on the age-old debate in the social sciences about the primacy of methods and the relationship of our pioneers to one of the main ideological battles blighting disciplines such as sociology. Every researcher makes a conscious decision to adopt a qualitative or quantitative method in their social enquiry, or sometimes to even mix them both, and it would have been extremely unusual for the pioneers not to engage sometimes with the oppressive responsibility to pick a 'side'. The chapter explores the extremes in this debate, as well as less-entrenched positions that advocate a middle-ground approach.


Author(s):  
Chelsea Drent

In Inuktituk, nuna means the land. It means the rocks, rivers, mountains and the forests. Nuna is everything, and all parts of the nuna have an inua, which means a living soul. There is a special, if not sacred relationship between members of northern communities and the nuna. However, these sacred relationships are all too often glossed over, if not forgotten. In the social sciences, author John Sorenson articulates a critical argument and evocative opinions about hunting in his article; Hunting is a Part of Human Nature (John Sorenson, “Hunting is a Part of Human Nature,” Culture of Prejudice, Arguments in Critical Social Science. Eds. Judith Blackwell, Murray Smith, John Sorenson, (Canada: Broadview Press, 2003).Sorenson demonstrates that hunting is an unnatural human activity which is linked to a cultural domination over animals. However, in these statements Sorenson neglects to consider the northern hunter in Inuit communities around the world. Cultural myths, social constructions and daily activities prove that hunting animals is a core value to how many Inuit peoples relate to each other and perceive themselves in the cosmos. This is a study that examines the relationship of people, land, animals and faith in order to understand the significance of hunting within Inuit cultures.


2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Dina F Islamutdinova

The development of regionalization in the context of international relations. Globalism and regionalism are considered one-directional: the interdependence, the growth of cross-border movement of factors of production, focus on solving environmental and social problems.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-181
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ozimek

Social sciences, understood as critical and not neutral by nature, they should be equipped with specific competencies and sensivity. C.  W. Mills these comptence define as sociological imagination – which is study of the relationship of history and biography, Giddens interpreted it as three basic senses: historical, anthropological, critical. The translation into political science would be a political theories imagination, it consist,, among over things like a: historicity of political phenomena, antisubstansialism, research self-awareness. Definition of political theories imagination I propose in the context of Wiktor Marzec’s paper Rebelion and Reaction, which is a study from field of historical sociology, it’s in itself a lot of inspiration for theorists of politics: research, theoretical and methodological. It is worth considering – in this context – fundamental categories of political science, like political subjectivity and the political, also revalidate in their range.


Sociologija ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-151
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ilic

Quantitative and qualitative orientations, as dominant in contemporary methodology of social sciences, are based on different forms, parts and types, data. They have their own epistemological specificity. They disintegrate classical sociological methods, such as observation, reducing their penetration and thus reducing the cognitive potential of sociology, while increasing the possibility of its use for ideological purposes. Observation methodologically disintegrates through a normal binding of its participatory forms for qualitative methodology, and structured observation, systematic observation and quantification in the application of observation solely for the quantitative methodology. This article analyzes the degree of justification of such methodological views. Moreover, it examines the efforts to implement diverse mixed or combined strategies with quantitative and qualitative strategy, with particular reference to their impact on observation as a method. The article also points to the relationship of induction, supposedly inherent to qualitative orientation, and deduction, that the literature associates with a quantitative orientation, the possibility of application of observations in social sciences.


Author(s):  
Oleg A. Ustinov ◽  

The article analyzes the attempt to develop a synthesized concept of man, or the «unified science of man», undertaken in the 1980s by a group of Soviet philosophers led by academician I.T. Frolov. The complex interdisciplinary study of the human phenomenon, first presented to the academic community in this period, included not only the traditional synthesis of philosophical data with the data of natural and social sciences but also the experience of co-optation of certain religious philosophy provisions into philosophy. Some scientists put forward a hypothesis about the convergence of science and religion in the future. However, the idea of abandoning a strict materialistic worldview was not accepted by the academic community. The article reconstructs and analyzes the basic provisions of the «unified science of man»: ideas about the anthropological ideal, the origin of man and the correlation of biological and social principles in his nature, the interrelation of freedom and necessity, external and internal freedom, the meaning and purpose of life, the relationship of personality and society. The paper concludes that in the 1980s there was developed a strategy in the USSR for the holistic solution of the philosophical problems of man based on the creative development of classical Marxism, which could subsequently lead to the transition of Russian philosophical anthropology and philosophy in general to a whole new level. Due to external circumstances, this work was actually stopped at the very beginning, and the task declared paramount in terms of scientific and social significance was never solved.


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