Cycles of Disturbance and Recovery of Reef‐Building Corals, and Their Interplay with Gradual Environmental Stressors

The crucial need for safe and healthy aquatic animals obligates researchers in aquaculture to investigate alternative and beneficial additives. Medicinal herbals and their extracts are compromised with diverse effects on the performances of aquatic animals. These compounds can affect growth performance and stimulate the immune system when used in fish diet. In addition, the use of medicinal herbs and their extracts can reduce oxidative stress induced by several stressors during fish culture. Correspondingly, aquatic animals could gain increased resistance against infectious pathogens and environmental stressors. Nevertheless, the exact mode of action where these additives can affect aquatic animals’ performances is still not well documented. Understanding the mechanistic role of herbal supplements and their derivatives is a vital tool to develop further the strategies and application of these additives for feasible and sustainable aquaculture. Gene-related studies have clarified the detailed information on the herbal supplements’ mode of action when administered orally in aquafeed. Several review articles have presented the potential roles of medicinal herbs on the performances of aquatic animals. However, this review article discusses the outputs of studies conducted on aquatic animals fed dietary, medicinal herbs, focusing on the gene expression related to growth and immune performances. Furthermore, a particular focus is directed to the expected influence of herbal supplements on the reproduction of aquatic animals.

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THE ENTANGLED MULTI-LEVEL RESPONSES OF Mytilus galloprovincialis (LAMARCK, 1819) TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS AS DETECTED BY AN INTEGRATED APPROACH

Marine Environmental Research ◽

10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105292 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105292

Author(s):

M.G. Parisi ◽

A. Giacoletti ◽

C. Mandaglio ◽

M. Cammarata ◽

G. Sarà

Keyword(s):

Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Environmental Stressors ◽

Multi Level

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Light and CO2 Modulate the Accumulation and Localization of Phenolic Compounds in Barley Leaves

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10030385 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 385

Author(s):

Lena Hunt ◽

Karel Klem ◽

Zuzana Lhotáková ◽

Stanislav Vosolsobě ◽

Michal Oravec ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Environmental Stressors ◽

Low Light ◽

Mesophyll Cells ◽

Stress Prevention ◽

Tolerant Variety ◽

Barley Leaves

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) accumulates phenolic compounds (PhCs), which play a key role in plant defense against environmental stressors as antioxidants or UV screening compounds. The influence of light and atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) on the accumulation and localization of PhCs in barley leaves was examined for two varieties with different tolerances to oxidative stress. PhC localization was visualized in vivo using fluorescence microscopy. Close relationships were found between fluorescence-determined localization of PhCs in barley leaves and PhC content estimated using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy detection. Light intensity had the strongest effect on the accumulation of PhCs, but the total PhC content was similar at elevated [CO2], minimizing the differences between high and low light. PhCs localized preferentially near the surfaces of leaves, but under low light, an increasing allocation of PhCs in deeper mesophyll layers was observed. The PhC profile was significantly different between barley varieties. The relatively tolerant variety accumulated significantly more hydroxycinnamic acids, indicating that these PhCs may play a more prominent role in oxidative stress prevention. Our research presents novel evidence that [CO2] modulates the accumulation of PhCs in barley leaves. Mesophyll cells, rather than epidermal cells, were most responsive to environmental stimuli in terms of PhC accumulation.

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Environmental stressors and well-being on middle-aged and elderly people: the mediating role of outdoor leisure behaviour and place attachment

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-021-13244-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kuo-Shu Yuan ◽

Tung-Ju Wu

Keyword(s):

Elderly People ◽

Place Attachment ◽

Well Being ◽

Environmental Stressors ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Mediating Role

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Contextualizing Autophagy during Gametogenesis and Preimplantation Embryonic Development

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22126313 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. 6313

Author(s):

Marcelo T. Moura ◽

Laís B. Latorraca ◽

Fabíola F. Paula-Lopes

Keyword(s):

Embryonic Development ◽

Germ Cells ◽

Physiological Role ◽

Degradation Pathway ◽

Environmental Stressors ◽

Preimplantation Embryos ◽

Environmental Cues ◽

Term Survival ◽

Assisted Reproduction Technologies

Mammals face environmental stressors throughout their lifespan, which may jeopardize cellular homeostasis. Hence, these organisms have acquired mechanisms to cope with stressors by sensing, repairing the damage, and reallocating resources to increase the odds of long-term survival. Autophagy is a pro-survival lysosome-mediated cytoplasm degradation pathway for organelle and macromolecule recycling. Furthermore, autophagy efflux increases, and this pathway becomes idiosyncratic depending upon developmental and environmental contexts. Mammalian germ cells and preimplantation embryos are attractive models for dissecting autophagy due to their metastable phenotypes during differentiation and exposure to varying environmental cues. The aim of this review is to explore autophagy during mammalian gametogenesis, fertilization and preimplantation embryonic development by contemplating its physiological role during development, under key stressors, and within the scope of assisted reproduction technologies.

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Relevance of Translation Initiation in Diffuse Glioma Biology and its Therapeutic Potential

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells8121542 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 1542 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Digregorio Marina ◽

Lombard Arnaud ◽

Lumapat Paul Noel ◽

Scholtes Felix ◽

Rogister Bernard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Translation Initiation ◽

Protein Production ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Environmental Stressors ◽

Current Therapy ◽

Diffuse Glioma ◽

Overall Survival Rate ◽

Malignant Cells ◽

Translational Machinery ◽

Initiation Step

Cancer cells are continually exposed to environmental stressors forcing them to adapt their protein production to survive. The translational machinery can be recruited by malignant cells to synthesize proteins required to promote their survival, even in times of high physiological and pathological stress. This phenomenon has been described in several cancers including in gliomas. Abnormal regulation of translation has encouraged the development of new therapeutics targeting the protein synthesis pathway. This approach could be meaningful for glioma given the fact that the median survival following diagnosis of the highest grade of glioma remains short despite current therapy. The identification of new targets for the development of novel therapeutics is therefore needed in order to improve this devastating overall survival rate. This review discusses current literature on translation in gliomas with a focus on the initiation step covering both the cap-dependent and cap-independent modes of initiation. The different translation initiation protagonists will be described in normal conditions and then in gliomas. In addition, their gene expression in gliomas will systematically be examined using two freely available datasets. Finally, we will discuss different pathways regulating translation initiation and current drugs targeting the translational machinery and their potential for the treatment of gliomas.

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