Modelling of stadium stand foundation in poor soil conditions

Giant Swamp Taro (Cyrtosperma merkusii) is a staple food crop in the Pacific, especially in the low lying atoll islands such as Tuvalu and Kiribati. This is owing to its ability to survive under poor soil conditions and harsh environments. However, as a result of the effects of climate change such as sea water inundation and intrusion into the fresh ground water lens, this crop is now under threat. To address this issue an adaption approach was taken whereby, Cyrtosperma merkusii was screened in vivo for salt tolerance. The epistemology followed random selection of two cultivars Ikaraoi and Katutu. These two cultivars were subjected to 0% (0 parts per trillion), 0.5% (5 ppt), 1% (10 ppt), 1.5% (15 ppt) and 2% (20 ppt) of salt in Yates’s advance seedling common potting mix. Both cultivars were able to tolerate salinity levels up-to 5ppt which is significantly more than the salt tolerance in glycophytes of 2.83 ppt. This research provides an insight into the variation of salt tolerance that may exist in C.merkusii gene pool, which can be used to adapt to natural disasters and buffer its impacts.

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Seasonal Nutrient Cycling and Enrichment of Nutrient-Related Soil Microbes Aid in the Adaptation of Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) to Nutrient-Deficient Conditions

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.644904 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Shenglan Wu ◽

Shuai Xue ◽

Yasir Iqbal ◽

Hucheng Xing ◽

Yucheng Jie

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Cycling ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Field Trials ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Adverse Conditions ◽

Boehmeria Nivea ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Poor Soil

The breeding for varieties tolerant of adverse growing conditions is critical for sustainable agriculture, especially for ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.). However, a lack of information on the tolerance of ramie to nutrient-deficient conditions has hindered efforts to breed ramie varieties tolerant of such conditions. The main objective of this study was to explore the tolerance strategies of ramie plants under poor soil conditions using long-term (8–9 years) field trials. Genotypes of Duobeiti 1 and Xiangzhu XB were highly tolerant of poor soil conditions. The contributions of seasonal nutrient cycling and rhizobacteria to the ability of ramie to tolerate poor soil were tested. Nitrogen and phosphorus retranslocation to the root at the end of the growing season helped ramie adapt to poor soil conditions. The contribution of the microbial community was analyzed using high-throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology. The enrichment of beneficial bacteria (mainly Bradyrhizobium, Gaiella, and norank_o_Gaiellales) and the reduction of harmful fungi (mainly Cladosporium and Aspergillus) also contributed to the ability of ramie to tolerate poor soils. The results of this study provide new insight into the ability of ramie to tolerate adverse conditions and aid future efforts to breed and cultivate ramie tolerant of adverse conditions.

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Phytomining to re-establish phosphorus-poor soil conditions for nature restoration on former agricultural land

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/s11104-019-04049-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 440 (1-2) ◽

pp. 233-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stephanie Schelfhout ◽

An De Schrijver ◽

Margot Vanhellemont ◽

Pieter Vangansbeke ◽

Safaa Wasof ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Land ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Nature Restoration ◽

Poor Soil

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Sweet sorghum for phytoremediation and bioethanol production

Journal of Leather Science and Engineering ◽

10.1186/s42825-021-00074-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ming-Zhao Xiao ◽

Qian Sun ◽

Si Hong ◽

Wei-Jing Chen ◽

Bo Pang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Sorghum ◽

Metal Tolerance ◽

Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽

Polluted Soil ◽

Energy Crop ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Poor Soil ◽

Future Utilization ◽

Review Current

AbstractAs an energy crop, sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) receives increasing attention for phytoremediation and biofuels production due to its good stress tolerance and high biomass with low input requirements. Sweet sorghum possesses wide adaptability, which also has high tolerances to poor soil conditions and drought. Its rapid growth with the large storage of fermentable saccharides in the stalks offers considerable scope for bioethanol production. Additionally, sweet sorghum has heavy metal tolerance and the ability to remove cadmium (Cd) in particular. Therefore, sweet sorghum has great potential to build a sustainable phytoremediation system for Cd-polluted soil remediation and simultaneous ethanol production. To implement this strategy, further efforts are in demand for sweet sorghum in terms of screening superior varieties, improving phytoremediation capacity, and efficient bioethanol production. In this review, current research advances of sweet sorghum including agronomic requirements, phytoremediation of Cd pollution, bioethanol production, and breeding are discussed. Furthermore, crucial problems for future utilization of sweet sorghum stalks after phytoremediation are combed. Graphical Abstract

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CHARACTERIZATION OF CUCURBITA ARGYROSPERMA, A POTENTIAL NEW CROP FOR SEED AND FRUIT PRODUCTION

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1141e ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1141e-1141

Author(s):

Laura C. Merrick

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

The United States ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Natural Hybridization ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Botanical Variety ◽

Previous Hypothesis ◽

Poor Soil ◽

New Crop

Cucurbita argyrosperma, formerly known as C. mixta, is a squash species native to Mexico and Central America. Cultivars of the species which have been grown in the United States include many of the cushaws and the `Silverseed Gourd. A recent biosystematic analysis-which included studies of experimental and natural hybridization, isozymatic and morphological variation, ethnobotany, and ecological and geographical distribution-has shown that the closest relative of C. argyrosperma is C. moschata. The data reveal intriguing implications for evolution of the genus as a whole, since the previous hypothesis that C. lundelliana is the progenitor of C. moschata is refuted. A wild ancestor, three cultivated varieties and a feral derivative are recognized within C. argyrosperma. Two of the three cultivated botanical varieties-vars. argyrosperma and stenosperma -have been selected in many regions almost exclusively for seed production. The relatively large seeds are marketed either with or without hulls. The other botanical variety, var. callicarpa, has been selected for both fruit and seed production. Northern cultivars of var. callicarpa arc notable for their adaptation to marginal environments, including hot climates and poor soil conditions.

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Grazing effects on soil physical properties and the consequences for pastures: a review

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea00102 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 41 (8) ◽

pp. 1231 ◽

Cited By ~ 254

Author(s):

K. L. Greenwood ◽

B. M. McKenzie

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

Grazing Management ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Physical Conditions ◽

Grazed Pasture ◽

Grazing Systems ◽

Physical Degradation ◽

Poor Soil

Grazing animals exert pressure on the ground comparable to that of agricultural machinery. As a result, soil under pasture can be compacted. In grazing systems based on permanent pastures or rangelands, there is little opportunity to ameliorate poor soil physical conditions through tillage. Hence, it is important to understand the effects of grazing on soil physical properties and the consequent effects of these properties on pasture growth and composition. Most soils under grazed pasture, even those managed to minimise soil physical degradation, will be compacted to some extent. However, the magnitude of this compaction is usually small, and limited to the upper 50–150 mm of the soil. Compaction to greater depth, and other changes in soil physical properties, are more likely in recently tilled or wet soils. The response of pasture to the poorer soil conditions caused by grazing is difficult to determine, but it is likely to be small compared with the defoliation effects of grazing. Maintenance of a vigorous pasture should be a major aim of grazing management and would also achieve the secondary aim of maintaining acceptable soil physical conditions.

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Role of Rhizosphere Soil Microbes in Adapting Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) Plants to Poor Soil Conditions through N-Fixing and P-Solubilization

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11112096 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2096

Author(s):

Shenglan Wu ◽

Hongdong Jie ◽

Yucheng Jie

Keyword(s):

Soil Microbes ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

P Solubilization ◽

The Poor ◽

Dry Soil ◽

Poor Soil

The N-fixing and P-solubilization functions of soil microbes play a vital role in plant adaptation to nutrient-deficiency conditions. However, their exact roles toward the adaptation of ramie to poor soil conditions are still not clear. To fill this research gap, the N-fixing and P-solubilization efficiencies of soils derived from the rhizosphere of several ramie genotypes with different levels of poor soil tolerance were compared. Correlations between the N-fixing, P-solubilization efficiency, and the poor soil tolerable index were analyzed to quantify their contributions towards the adaptation of ramie plants to poor soil conditions. To explore how the microorganisms affected the potential of N-fixing/P-solubilization, the activities of the nutrients related the soil enzymes were also tested and compared. The results of this study confirm the existence of N-fixing and P-solubilization bacteria in the ramie rhizosphere of the soil. The number of N-fixing bacteria varied from 3010.00 to 46,150.00 c.f.u. per gram dry soil for the ramie treatment, while it was only 110.00 c.f.u. per gram dry soil for treatment without ramie cultivation. The average P-solubilization efficiency of ramie treatment was almost five times higher than that of the control soil (0.65 vs. 0.13 mg mL−1). The significant correlations between the poor soil tolerance index and the N-fixing bacteria number (r = 0.829)/nitrogenase activity (r = 0.899) suggest the significantly positive role of N-fixing function in the adaptation of ramie plants to poor soil. This is also true for P-solubilization, as indicated by the significant positively correlation coefficients between the ramie poor soil tolerance index and P-solubilization efficiency (0.919)/acid phosphatase activity (0.846). These characteristics would accelerate the application of “holobiont” breeding for improving ramie nutrient use efficiency.

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