Conserving the European Bonelli's Eagle in spatiotemporal domain: Lesson from its feeding pattern

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjit Kumar Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Bonelli’S Eagle

Role of Glycogen as an Intracellular Carbon Reserve of Activated Sludge in the Competitive Growth of Filamentous and Non-Filamentous Bacteria

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 899-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Matsuzawa ◽  
T. Mino
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
Competitive Growth ◽  
Maximum Capacity ◽  
Intermittent Feeding ◽  
Feeding Type ◽  
Continuous Feeding ◽  
The Relationship

Activated sludge mixed cultures were cultivated with a glucose containing substrate in order to investigate the relationship between the feeding pattern (continuous or intermittent feeding) and the glycogen reservation capacity of activated sludge. An experimental method to measure the maximum capacity of glycogen reservation in the sludge was developed. Sludge with higher glycogen reservation capacity has an ability to synthesize glycogen faster, which ensures the higher glucose uptake. Therefore, sludge which has high glycogen reservation capacity becomes predominant in intermittently fed reactors. When the feeding pattern was changed from continuous feeding to intermittent feeding, a filamentous bacterium, Type 1701, started to decrease and a gram positive tetrad coccus became predominant. When the feeding pattern was returned to continuous feeding, Type 1701 re-appeared. Type 1701 has lower glycogen reservation capacity than the tetrad coccus. Therefore, the former cannot dominate over the latter in intermittently fed reactors.

scholarly journals An Assessment of the Breastfeeding Practices and Infant Feeding Pattern among Mothers in Mauritius

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashmika Motee ◽  
Deerajen Ramasawmy ◽  
Prity Pugo-Gunsam ◽  
Rajesh Jeewon
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Childhood Morbidity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type Of Delivery

Proper breastfeeding practices are effective ways for reducing childhood morbidity and mortality. While many mothers understand the importance of breastfeeding, others are less knowledgeable on the benefits of breastfeeding and weaning. The aim in here is to assess breastfeeding pattern, infant formula feeding pattern, and weaning introduction in Mauritius and to investigate the factors that influence infant nutrition. 500 mothers were interviewed using a questionnaire which was designed to elicit information on infant feeding practices. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS (version 13.0), whereby chi-square tests were used to evaluate relationships between different selected variables. The prevalence of breastfeeding practice in Mauritius has risen from 72% in 1991 to 93.4% as found in this study, while only 17.9% breastfed their children exclusively for the first 6 months, and the mean duration of EBF (exclusive breastfeeding) is 2.10 months. Complementary feeding was more commonly initiated around 4–6 months (75.2%). Despite the fact that 60.6% of mothers initiate breastfeeding and 26.1% of mothers are found to breastfeed up to 2 years, the practice of EBF for the first 6 months is low (17.9%). Factors found to influence infant feeding practices are type of delivery, parity, alcohol consumption, occupation, education, and breast problems.

scholarly journals Glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in Indian children: relationship to infant feeding pattern

Diabetologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 2533-2537 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Veena ◽  
G. V. Krishnaveni ◽  
A. K. Wills ◽  
J. C. Hill ◽  
S. C. Karat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Indian Children

scholarly journals Habitat features of settlement areas used by floaters of Bonelli’s and Golden Eagles

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
JESÚS CARO ◽  
DIEGO ONTIVEROS ◽  
MANUEL PIZARRO ◽  
JUAN M. PLEGUEZUELOS
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Bonelli’S Eagle ◽  
Declining Species ◽  
Dispersal Period ◽  
Settlement Areas

SummaryBonelli’s Eagle Hieraaetus fasciatus and Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos are two declining species, in which floaters tend to be located outside of breeding territories during the dispersal period, in so-called settlement areas. We studied settlement areas for both these long-lived raptors in the southern Iberian Peninsula, to gain a better understanding of the ecological requirements of the eagles during their long pre-adult stage, a period accounting for around 80% of the species’ mortality. Eagle abundance was calculated by road censuses, and habitat characteristics of settlement and non-settlement areas compared by General Discriminant Analysis (GDA) and Logistic Regression (LR). The best model of GDA and LR incorporated the abundance of main prey for eagles (rabbits, partridges) and orchard surface area, and explained 100% of eagle presence; the best model selected by GDA also included habitat heterogeneity. Both eagles tended to share settlement areas in the southern Iberian Peninsula and, when they did not, the mean annual temperature and slope appeared to explain the segregation between the two species. Management measures for the conservation of both threatened species during the dispersal period should be focused on identifying settlement areas, maintaining high prey densities and maximum habitat heterogeneity.

NOTES ON MATING BEHAVIOR AND OVIPOSITION OF CHRYSOCHARIS LARICINELLAE (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE), A PARASITE OF THE LARCH CASEBEARER (COLEOPHORA LARICELLA)

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Quednau
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Chemical Surface ◽  
Coleophora Laricella ◽  
Host Mortality

AbstractChrysocharis laricinellae (Ratz.) mated readily in the laboratory when several individuals of both sexes were held together in a vial. The courtship dance performed by the male is described. Parasite females develop mature eggs 3 days after emergence and are apparently capable of resorbing the eggs if hosts are not available, and to produce new ones after host-feeding. Storage of eggs in the ovary for 5 months at 55°F and sterility (phasic castration) of certain individuals is reported. Longevity of egg-laying females at 75°F was about 1 month less than that of parasites that had been denied contact with hosts. Odor apparently plays little or no role in the location of the larch casebearer larvae by C. laricinellae, but chemical surface stimuli seem to exist on the surface of a mine or case of Coleophora laricella (Hbn.). The parasite is also stimulated by vibrations of the host in its case. The oviposition and host-feeding pattern of C. laricinellae is described. Host-feeding on fourth-instar larvae of the larch casebearer contributed little to host mortality.

scholarly journals The deletion of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors expressing neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus disrupts the diurnal feeding pattern and induces hyperphagia and obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Maejima ◽  
Shoko Yokota ◽  
Masaru Shimizu ◽  
Shoichiro Horita ◽  
Daisuke Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Abstract Background Feeding rhythm disruption contributes to the development of obesity. The receptors of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are distributed in the wide regions of the brain. Among these regions, GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) are expressed in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) which are known to be associated with thermogenesis and circadian rhythm development. However, the physiological roles of GLP-1R expressing neurons in the DMH remain elusive. Methods To examine the physiological role of GLP-1R expressing neurons in the DMH, saporin-conjugated exenatide4 was injected into rat brain DMH to delete GLP-1R-positive neurons. Subsequently, locomotor activity, diurnal feeding pattern, amount of food intake and body weight were measured. Results This deletion of GLP-1R-positive neurons in the DMH induced hyperphagia, the disruption of diurnal feeding pattern, and obesity. The deletion of GLP-1R expressing neurons also reduced glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 and cholecystokinin A receptor mRNA levels in the DMH. Also, it reduced the c-fos expression after refeeding in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Thirty percent of DMH neurons projecting to the SCN expressed GLP-1R. Functionally, refeeding after fasting induced c-fos expression in the SCN projecting neurons in the DMH. As for the projection to the DMH, neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) were found to be projecting to the DMH, with 33% of those neurons being GLP-1-positive. Refeeding induced c-fos expression in the DMH projecting neurons in the NTS. Conclusion These findings suggest that GLP-1R expressing neurons in the DMH may mediate feeding termination. In addition, this meal signal may be transmitted to SCN neurons and change the neural activities.

Genetic parameter estimates for feeding pattern and production traits in pigs

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 31-31
Author(s):  
A.D. Hall ◽  
W.G. Hill ◽  
P.R. Bampton ◽  
A.J. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Group Housing ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Potential Benefits

Until recently, to enable accurate recording of feed intake, pigs were kept in individual pens. The advent of electronic feeders has allowed accurate records of feed intake and feeding patterns in group housing which is more similar to that found in the production environment. The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for these feeding pattern traits and their correlations with production traits to show potential benefits in selection.

Effect of short-term propionate infusion on feed intake and blood parameters in sheep

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (6) ◽  
pp. E997-E1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Leuvenink ◽  
E. J. Bleumer ◽  
L. J. Bongers ◽  
J. van Bruchem ◽  
D. van der Heide
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mesenteric Vein ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Doses

The hypothesis that propionate is a short-term feed intake-regulating agent was studied. Mature wether sheep were infused over 20 min with Na propionate into the mesenteric vein, while feed intake and feeding pattern were monitored over 1.5 h. Feed intake was reduced by infusions at 2 mmol/min, which were associated with marked increases in jugular as well as portal concentrations of insulin, glucose, and propionate. In a second experiment, animals were infused with 2 mmol/min Na propionate into the portal vein. No decrease in feed intake was observed, although there were similar increases in insulin, glucose, and propionate as found in mesenteric vein-infused animals. It is concluded that mesenteric propionate in high doses acts as a satiety factor. Possible explanations for the difference between site of infusion may be a different distribution of the infusate over the liver and/or the presence of propionate-sensitive receptors in the mesenteric/portal vein region. It seems unlikely that insulin concentrations are involved in inducing satiety in propionate-infused animals.

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