Looking beyond the Western lens: How culture and identity influence perceptions of empathy in patient‐clinician relationships

Abstract Innumeracy, that is, the inability to deal with numbers and provide correct estimates about political issues, is reported to be widespread among the public. Yet, despite the recognition that a conspiracy mindset is an increasingly common phenomenon in Western democracies, this has not been considered as a potential correlate of innumeracy. Using data from an online sample of respondents across 10 European countries, we show that those with a higher propensity to hold a conspiracy worldview tend to overestimate the actual share of the immigrant population living in their own country. This association holds true when accounting for country heterogeneity and other cognitive, affective and socio-demographic factors. Employing a comparative design and refined measurements, the article contributes to our understanding of how a conspiracy mentality may influence perceptions of relevant political facts, questioning basic processes of democratic accountability.

Download Full-text

An Investigation into the Perceptions of Veterinarians towards Perioperative Pain Management in Calves

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11071882 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1882

Author(s):

Ria van Dyke ◽

Melanie Connor ◽

Amy Miele

Keyword(s):

Pain Management ◽

Bos Taurus ◽

Current Work ◽

Regulatory Regime ◽

Perioperative Pain ◽

Developmental Age ◽

Perioperative Pain Management ◽

Current Minimum ◽

On Farm ◽

Influence Perceptions

While veterinarians are instrumental to the welfare of calves (Bos taurus), limited knowledge exists concerning veterinary perceptions towards perioperative pain management in calves. As a part of a larger, nationwide study investigating the perceptions of veterinarians towards calf welfare, the current work sought to quantify veterinary perceptions towards perioperative pain management, including barriers to its use, and investigate demographic influences affecting those perceptions. An electronic mixed-methods survey was completed by 104 veterinarians registered with the Veterinary Council of New Zealand. The current work revealed that most veterinarians considered a multimodal approach as the most effective method for ameliorating perioperative pain in calves, rejected the practice of differential treatment based on developmental age, and perceived that postprocedural pain persists beyond 24 h for the majority of procedures included in the survey. Despite this, veterinarians identified certain barriers that may inhibit the provision of pain mitigation on-farm, including costs, inadequate recognition of pain, and ingrained farming practices. Certain demographic effects were found to influence perceptions towards perioperative pain management, including gender, the number of years since graduation, and species emphasis. Nevertheless, the current work demonstrated considerable support among veterinarians to improve pain management protocols during routine husbandry procedures. The asymmetries that exist between the current minimum provisions of perioperative pain management and veterinary perspectives suggest that substantive improvements are necessary in order to reconcile New Zealand’s existing regulatory regime with developments in scientific knowledge.

Download Full-text

Gender, formal organizational status and humor use: perceptions of social acceptance

Journal of Managerial Psychology ◽

10.1108/jmp-11-2020-0593 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Timothy R. Moake ◽

Christopher Robert

Keyword(s):

Social Acceptance ◽

Social Role ◽

Role Expectations ◽

High Status ◽

Organizational Status ◽

Content Type ◽

Gender Influence ◽

Aggressive Humor ◽

Influence Perceptions ◽

Practical Implications

PurposeHumor can be a useful tool in the workplace, but it remains unclear whether humor used by men versus women is perceived similarly due to social role expectations. This paper explored whether female humorists have less social latitude in their use of aggressive and affiliative humor in the workplace. This paper also examined how formal organizational status and the target's gender can impact audience perceptions.Design/methodology/approachTwo scenario-based studies were conducted where participants rated the foolishness of the humorist. For Study 1, participants responded to a scenario with an aggressive, humorous comment. For Study 2, participants responded to a scenario with an affiliative, humorous comment.FindingsResults suggested that high-status female humorists who used aggressive humor with low-status women were viewed as less foolish than low-status female humorists who used aggressive humor with low-status women. Conversely, status did not impact perceptions of male humorists who used aggressive humor with low-status women. Results also indicated that high-status women who used affiliative humor were viewed as less foolish when their humor was directed toward low-status men versus low-status women. Conversely, no differences existed for high-status men who used affiliative humor with low-status men and women.Practical implicationsNarrower social role expectations for women suggest that interpersonal humor can be a riskier strategy for women.Originality/valueThis study suggests that women have less social latitude in their use of humor at work, and that organizational status and target gender influence perceptions of female humorists.

Download Full-text

The Company and the Product: Corporate Associations and Consumer Product Responses

Journal of Marketing ◽

10.1177/002224299706100106 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 68-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 817

Author(s):

Tom J. Brown ◽

Peter A. Dacin

Keyword(s):

Social Responsibility ◽

Shopping Mall ◽

Systematic Research ◽

Consumer Responses ◽

Corporate Associations ◽

Corporate Ability ◽

Corporate Social ◽

To Receive ◽

A Company ◽

Influence Perceptions

Although brand theorists suggest that what a person knows about a company (i.e., corporate associations) can influence perceptions of the company's products, little systematic research on these effects exists. The authors examine the effects of two general types of corporate associations on product responses: One focuses on the company's capabilities for producing products, that is, corporate ability (CA) associations, and the other focuses on the company's perceived social responsibility, that is, corporate social responsibility (CSR) associations. The results of three studies, including one that measures respondents’ CA and CSR associations for well-known companies and one that uses consumers recruited in a shopping mall, demonstrate that (1) what consumers know about a company can influence their beliefs about and attitudes toward new products manufactured by that company, (2) CA and CSR associations may have different effects on consumer responses to products, and (3) products of companies with negative associations are not always destined to receive negative responses. The authors conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for marketing managers and further research.

Download Full-text

An experimental investigation of victim blaming in sexual assault: The roles of victim sexual orientation, coercion type, and stereotypes about bisexual women

10.31219/osf.io/udfqh ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Christina Dyar ◽

Brian A. Feinstein ◽

RaeAnn Elizabeth Anderson

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

Sexual Assault ◽

Experimental Manipulation ◽

Lesbian Women ◽

Bisexual Women ◽

Related Factors ◽

Negative Attitudes ◽

Female Victims ◽

Assault Victims ◽

Influence Perceptions

Bisexual women are more likely to be sexually assaulted and to receive negative reactions to disclosures of sexual assault than heterosexual and lesbian women. However, few studies have examined the extent to which victim sexual orientation and related factors influence perceptions of sexual assault victims and perpetrators. To fill this gap, the current study used an experimental manipulation to examine the influence of victim sexual orientation and coercion type on perceptions of sexual assault victims and perpetrators. Participants (N = 826) were randomly assigned to read one of nine vignettes in which the sexual orientation of the female victim (bisexual, lesbian, heterosexual) and the type of coercion (verbal, physical, alcohol incapacitation) were varied. Then, participants were asked a series of questions about the victim and the perpetrator. Results indicated that bisexual and heterosexual female victims were both perceived as having wanted to have sex with the perpetrator more and as having “led the perpetrator on” more than lesbian victims. In contrast, victim sexual orientation was not associated with explicit ratings of victim or perpetrator responsibility or victim suffering. Bisexual female victims were also perceived as more promiscuous than both lesbian and heterosexual female victims. In turn, perceiving the victim as more promiscuous was associated with perceiving the victim as more responsible, having wanted to have sex with the perpetrator more, having “led the perpetrator on” more, and suffering less, and with perceiving the perpetrator as less responsible. In sum, our findings suggest that efforts to reduce sexual violence toward bisexual women should attend to negative attitudes toward bisexual women, especially the perception of bisexual women as promiscuous.

Download Full-text

Turnover Intentions and its Drivers: A Study of Banking Sector

Review of Economics and Development Studies ◽

10.47067/reads.v7i1.321 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 51-61

Author(s):

Malka Liaquat ◽

Mohsin Ali ◽

Aisha Khursheed ◽

Qurat ul Ain

Keyword(s):

Organizational Support ◽

Psychological Factors ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Banking Sector ◽

Turnover Intentions ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Direct Role ◽

Justice Perception ◽

Practical Guidelines ◽

Influence Perceptions

The current study aims to explore factors which influence perceptions of employees and shape their intentions to leave the organization. It utilizes psychological factors that serve as baseline for turnover intentions. Data of 404 employees were taken from banking sector and evaluated through structural equation modeling in AMOS. Results reveal interesting insights identifying intrinsic rewards as significant factor in countering the turnover intentions whereas, justice perception and organizational support do not play direct role in shaping employees perceptions. Results carry managerial and practical guidelines that can be useful for organizations for creating a strategic taskforce.

Download Full-text