Beta 2 ‐adrenergic agonist clenbuterol increases energy expenditure and fat oxidation, and induces mTOR phosphorylation in skeletal muscle of young healthy men

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Jessen ◽  
Sara A. Solheim ◽  
Glenn A. Jacobson ◽  
Kasper Eibye ◽  
Jens Bangsbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Adrenergic Agonist ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Mtor Phosphorylation ◽  
Beta 2

scholarly journals β-Adrenergically Stimulated Fat Oxidation Is Diminished in Middle-Aged Compared to Young Subjects*

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 3764-3769
Author(s):  
E. E. Blaak ◽  
M. A. van Baak ◽  
W. H. M. Saris
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Young Subjects

Abstract The effect of aging on β-adrenergically mediated substrate utilization was investigated in nine young (25.2 ± 1.7 yr old) and eight older males (52.9 ± 2.1 yr old), matched for body weight and body composition. In a first experiment, the nonselectiveβ -agonist isoprenaline (ISO) was infused in increasing standardized doses, and during each infusion period energy expenditure and substrate utilization were determined by indirect calorimetry. In a second experiment, forearm skeletal muscle metabolism was studied during a standardized infusion dose of ISO (19 ng/kg fat-free mass·min). During β-adrenergic stimulation there was an increased carbohydrate oxidation (at an ISO infusion dose of 24 ng/kg fat-free mass·min, 31% vs. 21% of total energy expenditure; P < 0.05) and a decreased fat oxidation (51 vs. 62 of total energy expenditure; P < 0.05) in older compared to young subjects. Skeletal muscle lactate release significantly increased in the older subjects (from −175 ± 32 to −366 ± 66 nmol/100 mL forearm tissue·min), whereas there was no change in young subjects (from− 32 ± 21 to 23 ± 57 nmol/100 mL forearm tissue·min; interaction group × ISO, P < 0.01). Additionally, there was a tendency toward a blunted ISO-induced increase in nonesterified fatty acid uptake in the older subjects (interaction group × ISO, P = 0.062). Thus, middle-aged subjects have a blunted ability to oxidize fat during β-adrenergic stimulation compared to young subjects. This diminished fat oxidation may be an important etiological factor in the age-related increase in body fatness and obesity by favoring fat storage above oxidation.

scholarly journals Lipoprotein Lipase Overexpression in Skeletal Muscle Attenuates Weight Regain by Potentiating Energy Expenditure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Admin ◽  
David M Presby ◽  
Michael C Rudolph ◽  
Vanessa D Sherk ◽  
Matthew R Jackman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Moderate weight loss improves numerous risk factors for cardiometabolic disease; however, long-term weight loss maintenance (WLM) is often thwarted by metabolic adaptations that suppress energy expenditure and facilitate weight regain. Skeletal muscle has a prominent role in energy homeostasis; therefore, we investigated the effect of WLM and weight regain on skeletal muscle in rodents. In skeletal muscle of obesity-prone rats, WLM reduced fat oxidative capacity and downregulated genes involved in fat metabolism. Interestingly, even after weight was regained, genes involved in fat metabolism genes were also reduced. We then subjected mice with skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase overexpression (mCK-hLPL), which augments fat metabolism, to WLM and weight regain and found that mCK-hLPL attenuates weight regain by potentiating energy expenditure. Irrespective of genotype, weight regain suppressed dietary fat oxidation and downregulated genes involved in fat metabolism in skeletal muscle. However, mCK-hLPL mice oxidized more fat throughout weight regain and had greater expression of genes involved in fat metabolism and lower expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism during WLM and regain. In summary, these results suggest that skeletal muscle fat oxidation is reduced during WLM and regain, and therapies that improve skeletal muscle fat metabolism may attenuate rapid weight regain.

scholarly journals Lipoprotein Lipase Overexpression in Skeletal Muscle Attenuates Weight Regain by Potentiating Energy Expenditure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Admin ◽  
David M Presby ◽  
Michael C Rudolph ◽  
Vanessa D Sherk ◽  
Matthew R Jackman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Moderate weight loss improves numerous risk factors for cardiometabolic disease; however, long-term weight loss maintenance (WLM) is often thwarted by metabolic adaptations that suppress energy expenditure and facilitate weight regain. Skeletal muscle has a prominent role in energy homeostasis; therefore, we investigated the effect of WLM and weight regain on skeletal muscle in rodents. In skeletal muscle of obesity-prone rats, WLM reduced fat oxidative capacity and downregulated genes involved in fat metabolism. Interestingly, even after weight was regained, genes involved in fat metabolism genes were also reduced. We then subjected mice with skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase overexpression (mCK-hLPL), which augments fat metabolism, to WLM and weight regain and found that mCK-hLPL attenuates weight regain by potentiating energy expenditure. Irrespective of genotype, weight regain suppressed dietary fat oxidation and downregulated genes involved in fat metabolism in skeletal muscle. However, mCK-hLPL mice oxidized more fat throughout weight regain and had greater expression of genes involved in fat metabolism and lower expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism during WLM and regain. In summary, these results suggest that skeletal muscle fat oxidation is reduced during WLM and regain, and therapies that improve skeletal muscle fat metabolism may attenuate rapid weight regain.

Menopause is associated with decreased whole body fat oxidation during exercise

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (11) ◽  
pp. E1227-E1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Abildgaard ◽  
A. T. Pedersen ◽  
C. J. Green ◽  
N. M. Harder-Lauridsen ◽  
T. P. Solomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

The purpose of this study was to examine if fat oxidation was affected by menopausal status and to investigate if this could be related to the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle. Forty-one healthy women were enrolled in this cross-sectional study [premenopausal ( n = 19), perimenopausal ( n = 8), and postmenopausal ( n = 14)]. Estimated insulin sensitivity was obtained from an oral glucose tolerance test. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging. Fat oxidation and energy expenditure were measured during an acute exercise bout of 45 min of ergometer biking at 50% of maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2 max). Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis of the quadriceps muscle were obtained before and immediately after the exercise bout. Postmenopausal women had 33% [confidence interval (CI) 95%: 12–55] lower whole body fat oxidation ( P = 0.005) and 19% (CI 95%: 9–22) lower energy expenditure ( P = 0.02) during exercise, as well as 4.28 kg lower lean body mass (LBM) than premenopausal women. Correction for LBM reduced differences in fat oxidation to 23% ( P = 0.05), whereas differences in energy expenditure disappeared ( P = 0.22). No differences between groups were found in mRNA [carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (β-HAD), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, citrate synthase (CS), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α)], protein [phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), vascular endothelial growth factor, pyruvate dehydrogenase-1Eα, cytochrome oxidase I], or enzyme activities (β-HAD, CS) in resting skeletal muscle, except for an increased protein level of cytochrome c in the post- and perimenopausal women relative to premenopausal women. Postmenopausal women demonstrated a trend to a blunted exercise-induced increase in phosphorylation of AMPK compared with premenopausal women ( P = 0.06). We conclude that reduced whole body fat oxidation after menopause is associated with reduced LBM.

scholarly journals Does skeletal muscle carnitine availability influence fuel selection during exercise?

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis B. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fuel Selection

Fat and carbohydrate are the major fuel sources utilised for oxidative, mitochondrial ATP resynthesis during human skeletal muscle contraction. The relative contribution of these two substrates to ATP resynthesis and total energy expenditure during exercise can vary substantially, and is predominantly determined by fuel availability and exercise intensity and duration. For example, the increased ATP demand that occurs with an increase in exercise intensity is met by increases in both fat and carbohydrate oxidation up to an intensity of approximately 60–70 % of maximal oxygen consumption. When exercise intensity increases beyond this workload, skeletal muscle carbohydrate utilisation is accelerated, which results in a reduction and inhibition of the relative and absolute contribution of fat oxidation to total energy expenditure. However, the precise mechanisms regulating muscle fuel selection and underpinning the decline in fat oxidation remain unclear. This brief review will primarily address the theory that a carbohydrate flux-mediated reduction in the availability of muscle carnitine to the mitochondrial enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, a rate-limiting step in mitochondrial fat translocation, is a key mechanism for the decline in fat oxidation during high-intensity exercise. This is discussed in relation to recent work in this area investigating fuel metabolism at various exercise intensities and taking advantage of the discovery that skeletal muscle carnitine content can be nutritionally increased in vivo in human subjects.

The effect of dietary oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids on fat oxidation and energy expenditure in healthy men

Metabolism ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1198-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J.H. Jones ◽  
Stephanie Jew ◽  
Suhad AbuMweis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Healthy Men

Combination of Canagliflozin and Exercise Training Leads to Lipid-Dependent Energy Expenditure in Skeletal Muscle in Obese Diabetic Mice

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 742-P
Author(s):  
KENICHI TANAKA ◽  
HIROKAZU TAKAHASHI ◽  
KAZUYO SASAKI ◽  
KANAKO INOUE ◽  
YAYOI MATSUDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Diabetic Mice

Determinants of maximal whole-body fat oxidation in elite cross-country skiers: Role of skeletal muscle mitochondria

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 2494-2504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sune Dandanell ◽  
Anne-Kristine Meinild-Lundby ◽  
Andreas B. Andersen ◽  
Paul F. Lang ◽  
Laura Oberholzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
Cross Country

scholarly journals Increasing skeletal muscle carnitine content in older individuals increases whole‐body fat oxidation during moderate‐intensity exercise

Aging Cell ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Chee ◽  
Chris E. Shannon ◽  
Aisling Burns ◽  
Anna L. Selby ◽  
Daniel Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise

Thyroid hormone specifically regulates skeletal muscle Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase alpha 2- and beta 2-isoforms

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (3) ◽  
pp. C680-C687 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Azuma ◽  
C. B. Hensley ◽  
M. J. Tang ◽  
A. A. McDonough
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
State Level ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Constant Amount ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Subunit Expression ◽  
Beta 2

The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine, T3) regulation of the Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase) alpha- and beta-subunit expression in skeletal muscle, which expresses alpha 1-, alpha 2-, beta 1-, and beta 2-subunits, and compare it with that seen in kidney, which expresses only alpha 1 and beta 1. Three steady states were studied: hypothyroid, euthyroid, and hyperthyroid (hypothyroids injected daily with 1 microgram T3/g body wt for 2-16 days). Protein and mRNA abundance, determined by Western and Northern analysis, were normalized to a constant amount of homogenate protein and total RNA, respectively. In skeletal muscle, there was no change in alpha 1- or beta 1-mRNA or protein levels in the transition from hypothyroid to hyperthyroid. However, alpha 2 was highly regulated; mRNA reached a new steady-state level of fivefold over hypothyroid by 8 days of T3 treatment and protein abundance increased threefold. In addition, beta 2-mRNA and protein were detected in skeletal muscle and were also highly regulated by T3; beta 2-mRNA increased nearly fourfold over hypothyroid level, and beta 2-protein abundance increased over twofold. In kidney in the transition from hypothyroid to hyperthyroid, there were coordinate 1.6-fold increases in both alpha 1- and beta 1-mRNA abundance that predicted the observed changes in alpha 1- and beta 1-protein levels and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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