scholarly journals Genetic divergence and phenotypic plasticity contribute to variation in cuticular hydrocarbons in the seaweed fly Coelopa frigida

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 12156-12170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Berdan ◽  
Swantje Enge ◽  
Göran M. Nylund ◽  
Maren Wellenreuther ◽  
Gerrit A. Martens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbons ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Coelopa Frigida

scholarly journals Adaptation to a latitudinal thermal gradient within a widespread copepod species: the contributions of genetic divergence and phenotypic plasticity

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1853) ◽  
pp. 20170236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo J. Pereira ◽  
Matthew C. Sasaki ◽  
Ronald S. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Latitudinal Gradients ◽  
Physiological Limits ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Common Garden Experiments

Understanding how populations adapt to heterogeneous thermal regimes is essential for comprehending how latitudinal gradients in species diversification are formed, and how taxa will respond to ongoing climate change. Adaptation can occur by innate genetic factors, by phenotypic plasticity, or by a combination of both mechanisms. Yet, the relative contribution of such mechanisms to large-scale latitudinal gradients of thermal tolerance across conspecific populations remains unclear. We examine thermal performance in 11 populations of the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus , ranging from Baja California Sur (Mexico) to British Columbia (Canada). Common garden experiments show that survivorship to acute heat-stress differs between populations (by up to 3.8°C in LD 50 values), reflecting a strong genetic thermal adaptation. Using a split-brood experiment with two rearing temperatures, we also show that developmental phenotypic plasticity is beneficial to thermal tolerance (by up to 1.3°C), and that this effect differs across populations. Although genetic divergence in heat tolerance strongly correlates with latitude and temperature, differences in the plastic response do not. In the context of climate warming, our results confirm the general prediction that low-latitude populations are most susceptible to local extinction because genetic adaptation has placed physiological limits closer to current environmental maxima, but our results also contradict the prediction that phenotypic plasticity is constrained at lower latitudes.

scholarly journals Genetic divergence and phenotypic plasticity contribute to variation in cuticular hydrocarbons in the seaweed fly Coelopa frigida

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Berdan ◽  
Swantje Enge ◽  
Göran M. Nylund ◽  
Maren Wellenreuther ◽  
Gerrit A. Martens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cuticular Hydrocarbons ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Kin Recognition ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Sexual Signal ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Behavioral Trials ◽  
Coelopa Frigida ◽  
Natural And Sexual Selection

Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) form the boundary between insects and their environments and often act as essential cues for species, mate and kin recognition. This complex polygenic trait can be highly variable both among and within species, but the causes of this variation, especially the genetic basis, are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated phenotypic and genetic variation of CHCs in the seaweed fly, C. frigida, and found that composition was affected by both genetic (sex and population) and environmental (larval diet) factors. We subsequently conducted behavioral trials that show CHCs are likely used as a sexual signal. We identified general shifts in CHC chemistry as well as individual compounds and found that the methylated compounds, mean chain length, proportion of alkenes, and normalized total CHCs differed between sexes and populations. We combined this data with whole genome re-sequencing data to examine the genetic underpinnings of these differences. We identified 11 genes related to CHC synthesis and found population level outlier SNPs in 5 that are concordant with phenotypic differences. Together these results reveal that the CHC composition of C. frigida is dynamic, strongly affected by the larval environment, and likely under natural and sexual selection.

scholarly journals Short-term phenotypic plasticity in long-chain cuticular hydrocarbons

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 (1721) ◽  
pp. 3123-3128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa L. Thomas ◽  
Leigh W. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbon ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hydrocarbon Profile ◽  
Multiple Sampling ◽  
Social Challenge ◽  
Chemical Technique ◽  
Long Chain

Cuticular hydrocarbons provide arthropods with the chemical equivalent of the visually extravagant plumage of birds. Their long chain length, together with the number and variety of positions in which methyl branches and double bonds occur, provide cuticular hydrocarbons with an extraordinary level of information content. Here, we demonstrate phenotypic plasticity in an individual's cuticular hydrocarbon profile. Using solid-phase microextraction, a chemical technique that enables multiple sampling of the same individual, we monitor short-term changes in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of individual crickets, Teleogryllus oceanicus , in response to a social challenge. We experimentally manipulate the dominance status of males and find that dominant males, on losing fights with other dominant males, change their hydrocarbon profile to more closely resemble that of a subordinate. This result demonstrates that cuticular hydrocarbons can be far more responsive to changes in social dominance than previously realized.

Phenotypic plasticity but no adaptive divergence in cuticular hydrocarbons and desiccation resistance among translocated populations of dung beetles

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 929-944
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Leeson ◽  
W. Jason Kennington ◽  
Theodore A. Evans ◽  
Leigh W. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbons ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Adaptive Divergence ◽  
Desiccation Resistance

Taxonomic reassessment of Gracilaria cearensis (Rhodophyta, Gracilariales), a poorly defined yet common flattened species based on morphological and molecular analysis including topotype collections

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 201 (4) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luanda Pereira Soares ◽  
Carlos Frederico Deluqui Gurgel ◽  
Mutue Toyota Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Rbcl Gene ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
The World

The genus Gracilaria is the major source of agarose in the world today and is one of the most species-rich genera in the Rhodophyta. Flat Gracilaria species are among the most taxonomically challenging taxa due to their widespread phenotypic plasticity among all species. Gracilaria cearensis is a flat species described in 1965 from Brazil. Its original description is not conducive to accurate taxonomic identifications and the delineation of this taxon remains elusive. New samples of G. cearensis were collected across a coastal length of 500 km including its type locality. Universal Plastid Amplicon (UPA) and the rbcL gene were used to confirm the phylogenetic and taxonomic status of this poorly known species. Results showed that this is a distinct species despite morphological similarities to G. hayi, G. cuneata, G. curtissiae, G. brasiliensis and G. galetensis. G. cearensis is sister to G. hayi yet the genetic divergence between these two species was 2% for rbcL and 1.08% for UPA, enough to consider them distinct taxa. However, newly generated molecular data placed G. smithsoniensis, another morphologically similar species, as conspecific with G. cearensis with only 0.07% rbcL sequence divergence between them.

scholarly journals DISENTANGLING THE ROLE OF PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY AND GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN CONTEMPORARY ECOTYPE FORMATION DURING A BIOLOGICAL INVASION

Evolution ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2619-2632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Lucek ◽  
Arjun Sivasundar ◽  
Ole Seehausen
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Biological Invasion ◽  
Genetic Divergence

Genetic divergence within the Drosophila mayaguana subcluster, a closely related triad of Caribbean species in the repleta species group

Hereditas ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. O'GRADY ◽  
C. M. DURANDO ◽  
W. B. HEED ◽  
M. WASSERMAN ◽  
W. ETGES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Species Group

Optimization of growth media for leafcutter ant-associated antimicrobial producing bacteria using cuticular hydrocarbons

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-P Fladerer ◽  
J Fitzek ◽  
F Bucar
Keyword(s):  
Cuticular Hydrocarbons ◽  
Growth Media

GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN BABUL (ACACIA NILOTIKA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SUDHANSHU SHEKHAR ◽  
V.P. DWIVEDI ◽  
N.K. SRIVASTAVA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Acacia Nilotica ◽  
Hybridization Programme

Genetic divergence of Babul (Acacia nilotica) was assessed using Mahalanobis 0 statistics. They were grouped into eight clusters. Maximum genetic distance was recorded between III & VIII ciusters indicating greater distance between two clusters that showed maximum diversity amount the genotype and helps in hybridization programme.

Ecology and biogeography in the introduction to “De bestiis marinis” by Georg Wilhelm Steller

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Stefano Mattioli
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Restricted Range ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Modern Biology

The rediscovery of the original, unedited Latin manuscript of Georg Wilhelm Steller's “De bestiis marinis” (“On marine mammals”), first published in 1751, calls for a new translation into English. The main part of the treatise contains detailed descriptions of four marine mammals, but the introduction is devoted to more general issues, including innovative speculation on morphology, ecology and biogeography, anticipating arguments and concepts of modern biology. Steller noted early that climate and food have a direct influence on body size, pelage and functional traits of mammals, potentially affecting reversible changes (phenotypic plasticity). Feeding and other behavioural habits have an impact on the geographical distribution of mammals. Species with a broad diet tend to have a wide distribution, whereas animals with a narrow diet more likely have only a restricted range. According to Steller, both sea and land then still concealed countless animals unknown to science.

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