scholarly journals Linking the maximum reported life span to the aging rate in wild birds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Canwei Xia ◽  
Anders Pape Møller
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Aging Rate

scholarly journals COMPENSATION EFFECT OF MORTALITY: A CHALLENGE TO LIFE EXTENSION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S966-S967
Author(s):  
Natalia S Gavrilova ◽  
Leonid Gavrilov
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Compensation Effect ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Slope Parameter ◽  
Aging Rate ◽  
Convergence Point ◽  
Gompertz Law ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract In order to develop genuine anti-aging interventions it is important to find the best estimate of the aging rate in humans, which is often measured as a slope parameter of the Gompertz law. The compensation effect of mortality (CEM), refers to mortality convergence, when higher values for the slope parameter are compensated by lower values of the intercept parameter (initial mortality) in different populations of a given species. The age of this convergence point is called the "species-specific life span". Due to CEM, factors associated with life span extension are usually accompanied by paradoxical increase in actuarial aging rate. We evaluated the stability of CEM by analyzing the United Nations abridged life tables for 241 countries and regions and estimating parameters of the Gompertz-Makeham model using method of non-linear regression in the age interval 30-80 years. We found that the species-specific lifespan is equal to 94.5 ± 0.5 years, which is the same as reported in the past for years before the 1960s: 95 ± 3 years (Gavrilov, Gavrilova, 1991). Thus, the convergence point of CEM is stable despite significant mortality decline over past 50 years and is not affected by factors decreasing mortality at younger ages. Populations deviating from CEM with apparently slow aging (with both slow actuarial aging rate and low intercept parameter) have been identified. The existence of CEM in mice (ITP data) allowed us to find interventions that are able to both extend lifespan and slow the actuarial aging rate giving promise for radical life extension.

Actuarial Aging Rate Is Not Constant within the Human Life Span

Gerontology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadii L. Ekonomov ◽  
Charles L. Rudd ◽  
Aleksey J. Lomakin
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Aging Rate ◽  
Human Life Span

scholarly journals Evolution of Human Longevity and the Genetic Complexity Governing Aging Rate

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Cutler
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Human Longevity ◽  
Maximum Life Span ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Aging Rate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Genetic Complexity

The genetic complexity of processes governing the aging rate of humans was estimated by determining the maximum rate at which life-span has evolved along the hominid ancestral-descendant sequence. Maximum life-span potential was found to have increased approximately twofold over the past 3 million years, reaching a maximum rate of increase of 14 years per 100,000 years about 100,000 years ago. It is estimated that about 0.6% of the total functional genes have received substitutions leading to one or more adaptive amino acid changes during this 100,000-year time-period. This suggests that aging is not the result of the expression of a large number of independently acting processes. Instead, primary aging processes appear to exist in which only a few genetic changes are necessary to uniformly decrease the aging rate of many different physiological functions. Reproduced by permission. Richard G. Cutler, Evolution of Human Longevity and the Genetic Complexity Governing Aging Rate. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72 , 4664-4668 (1975).

Oxygen-Dependent Perturbation of Life Span and Aging Rate in the Nematode

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. B57-B61 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Honda ◽  
N. Ishii ◽  
K. Suzuki ◽  
M. Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Aging Rate

scholarly journals Ringing recoveries of house sparrow (Passer domesticus) in the Faroe Islands during the years 1963-2007 / Ringmerkingar av føroyskum gráspurvum (Passer domesticus) árini 1963-2007

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyðfinn Magnussen ◽  
Jens-Kjeld Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
House Sparrow ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Faroe Islands ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
House Sparrows

<p><strong>Ú</strong><strong>r</strong><strong>t</strong><strong>ak</strong>: Gráspurvurin (<em>Passer domesticus</em>) má metast at vera ein tann støðufastasti búfuglurin í Føroyum. Síðan 1963 eru tilsamans 2.167 gráspurvar ringmerktir í 12 ymiskum føroyskum bygdum, spjaddar kring landið. 17% vórðu merkt í reiðrinum, 39% vóru ungfuglar og 39% vaksnir fuglar. 225 (10%) av teimum merktu gráspurvunum vórðu fingnir ella sæddir aftur; allir í Føroyum, og einans tveir í aðrari bygd enn henni, har teir upprunaliga vórðu merktir. Helvtin av fráboðanunum komu tær fyrstu 8 vikurnar eftir merkingina, 25% fyrstu 3 vikurnar. Í flestum førum (68%) doyðu fuglarnir av ókendum ávum, men har deyðaatvoldin var kend, var ketta vanligasta atvoldin. Miðallívstíðin hjá føroyska gráspurvinum er 1,3 ár. Helvtin av spurvunum, sum vórðu merktir í reiðrinum ella sum ungfuglar, doyðu eftir 4,1 mánaðum. Tann elsti gráspurvurin, vit vita um í Føroyum, varð fingin aftur næstan tíggju ár eftir, at hann varð merktur í reiðrinum.</p><p><strong>A</strong><strong>bstract</strong>: The house sparrow (<em>Passer domesticus</em>) is one of the most sedentary species of wild birds in the Faroe Islands. Since 1963, 2,167 house sparrows (17% nestlings, 39% juveniles and 39% adults) have been ringed at 12 places, scattered over the Faroe Islands. 225 (10%) have been recovered, dead or resighted/ recaptured, all within the Faroe Islands, and only two outside the villages where they were ringed. Half of the recoveries were reported within 8 weeks, 25% already within 3 weeks. In most cases (68%), the cause of death was unknown. However, “killed by cat” was the most common known cause. The median life-span for the Faroese house sparrows is 4.1 months, and average age at death is 1.3 years. The oldest house sparrow recorded in the Faroe Islands was found dead almost ten years after it was ringed as nestling.</p>

Continuum of Care Following Sports-Related Concussion

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1389-1403
Author(s):  
Jessica Brown ◽  
Kelly Knollman-Porter
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Continuum Of Care ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
History Of ◽  
Injury Reporting

Purpose Although guidelines have changed regarding federally mandated concussion practices since their inception, little is known regarding the implementation of such guidelines and the resultant continuum of care for youth athletes participating in recreational or organized sports who incur concussions. Furthermore, data regarding the role of speech-language pathologists in the historic postconcussion care are lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the experiences of young adults with history of sports-related concussion as it related to injury reporting and received follow-up care. Method Participants included 13 young adults with history of at least one sports-related concussion across their life span. We implemented a mixed-methods design to collect both quantitative and qualitative information through structured interviews. Participants reported experiencing 42 concussions across the life span—26 subsequent to sports injuries. Results Twenty-three concussions were reported to a parent or medical professional, 14 resulted in a formal diagnosis, and participants received initial medical care for only 10 of the incidents and treatment or services on only two occasions. Participants reported concussions to an athletic trainer least frequently and to parents most frequently. Participants commented that previous experience with concussion reduced the need for seeking treatment or that they were unaware treatments or supports existed postconcussion. Only one concussion incident resulted in the care from a speech-language pathologist. Conclusion The results of the study reported herein shed light on the fidelity of sports-related concussion care management across time. Subsequently, we suggest guidelines related to continuum of care from injury to individualized therapy.

Tumorigenesis in High-Dose Total Body Irradiated Rhesus Monkeys--A Life Span Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carel F. Hollander ◽  
Chris Zurcher ◽  
Johan J. Broerse
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Life Span Study ◽  
Total Body

Conflict Monitoring Across the Life Span

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Czernochowski
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Conflict Detection ◽  
Response Conflict ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Performance Response ◽  
Conflict Detection And Resolution

Errors can play a major role for optimizing subsequent performance: Response conflict associated with (near) errors signals the need to recruit additional control resources to minimize future conflict. However, so far it remains open whether children and older adults also adjust their performance as a function of preceding response conflict. To examine the life span development of conflict detection and resolution, response conflict was elicited during a task-switching paradigm. Electrophysiological correlates of conflict detection for correct and incorrect responses and behavioral indices of post-error adjustments were assessed while participants in four age groups were asked to focus on either speed or accuracy. Despite difficulties in resolving response conflict, the ability to detect response conflict as indexed by the Ne/ERN component was expected to mature early and be preserved in older adults. As predicted, reliable Ne/ERN peaks were detected across age groups. However, only for adults Ne/ERN amplitudes associated with errors were larger compared to Nc/CRN amplitudes for correct trials under accuracy instructions, suggesting an ongoing maturation in the ability to differentiate levels of response conflict. Behavioral interference costs were considerable in both children and older adults. Performance for children and older adults deteriorated rather than improved following errors, in line with intact conflict detection, but impaired conflict resolution. Thus, participants in all age groups were able to detect response conflict, but only young adults successfully avoided subsequent conflict by up-regulating control.

Examining Relationships Across the Life Span

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-117
Author(s):  
Susan M. Profilet
Keyword(s):  
Life Span
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