The private specificity H-2.4 and the public specificity H-2.28 of the D region are expressed on two independent polypeptide chains

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 511-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Neauport-Sautes ◽  
Dominique Morello ◽  
J.H. Freed ◽  
S.G. Nathenson ◽  
P. Démant
Keyword(s):  
The Public ◽  
Public Specificity ◽  
D Region ◽  
Private Specificity ◽  
Polypeptide Chains

scholarly journals Cytotoxic T-cell responses show more restricted specificity for self than for non-self H-2D-coded antigens

1978 ◽  
Vol 147 (6) ◽  
pp. 1661-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
RV Blanden ◽  
U Kees
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
D Region ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell Responses ◽  
Private Specificity ◽  
Somatic Selection

The specificity of recognition of H-2 antigens by various subsets of Tc cells was investigated with respect to the two separate molecules known to be coded in the H-2D(d) region (a) D which carries the private specificity H-2.4 and (b) D' which carries the public specificity H-2.28. BALB/c.H-2(db) mutant mice express D but not D' on their cell surfaces, whereas wild-type BALB/c mice express both D and D'. H-2 restricted Tc cells specific for viral-plus- H-2D(d)-coded antigens on infected self cells, or minor H-plus-H-2D(d)-coded antigens on H-2-compatible cells apparently recognize D, but do not detectably recognize D. In contrast, BALB/c-H-2(db) anti-BALB/c Tc cell responses do recognize D' (the only known antigen which is not shared by mutant and wild-type); furthermore, D' is also detectably recognized by a significant proportion of the Tc cells that respond in MLR to H-2D(d)-coded antigens. In these latter responses, D' was recognized separately from D, i.e., the response was not "H-2 restricted". These results indicate that H-2 restricted Tc cell responses to modified-self cells are more specific for self H-2D(d)-coded antigens then are allogeneic Tc cell responses directed at the same antigens, in that haplotype-unique (private) specificity recognition (of the D molecule) exclusively occurs only in the former, not the latter case. The implications of this specificity of H-2 restricted responses for possible processes of somatic selection of anti-self recognition structures on progenitor Tc cells are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Biochemical characterization of a second family of human Ia molecules, HLA-DS, equivalent to murine I-A subregion molecules.

1982 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 550-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Goyert ◽  
J E Shively ◽  
J Silver
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence Identity ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence Homology ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
D Region ◽  
Polypeptide Chains

In mice, two families of structurally distinct Ia molecules, one designated I-A and the other I-E, have been identified and characterized. The HLA-DR molecules represent one family of human Ia molecules equivalent to the murine I-E molecules on the basis of amino acid sequence homology. We describe the isolation and biochemical characterization of a second family of human Ia molecules, designated HLA-DS for second D-region locus, equivalent to the murine I-A molecules. The human HLA-DS molecules consist of two polypeptide chains, DS alpha (37,000 mol wt) and DS beta (29,000 mol wt), with 73% amino acid sequence identity to the murine I-A molecules. Furthermore, the HLA-DS molecules are closely linked genetically to HLA-DR molecules, a situation analogous to that observed in mice. The similarity in molecular weights of the DR and DS molecules might explain why others have failed to identify the latter in man.

scholarly journals Separate cytotoxic T lymphocyte subsets recognize the different H-2 specificities.

1980 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 773-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Vazquez ◽  
C Néauport-Sautès ◽  
A Senik
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
T Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cell Clones ◽  
Monolayer Adsorption ◽  
Private Specificity ◽  
Allogeneic Stimulation ◽  
Cytotoxic Effector

Using a monolayer adsorption technique, the fine specificity of cytotoxic effector T lymphocytes (CTL) generated against allogeneic or semi-allogeneic H-2 haplotypes was investigated. The results show that: (a) CTL reacting with the private specificity expressed on an H-2.K molecule can be separated from those reacting with the public specificities expressed on the same molecule and (b) the CTL that recognize cross-reacting H-2 determinants (public specificities) can also be separated into several subpopulations. These data support the hypothesis that an allogeneic stimulation induces a large number of independent T cell clones that react with H-2 determinants.

Alien H-2 Antigens on a Chemically Induced Fibrosarcoma: Further Evidence in Crude Membrane and Soluble Extracts of the Tumor

1979 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco A. Pierotti ◽  
Silvia Miotti ◽  
Giovanni Invernizzi ◽  
Giorgio Parmiani
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Specific Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
The Public ◽  
Subcutaneous Nodules ◽  
Antigenic Activity ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Mechanical Press ◽  
Private Specificity

Crude membranes (CM) were obtained from in vivo subcutaneous nodules of the methylcholanthrene-incuded BALB/c fibrosarcoma C-1 by forcing tumor fragments through a mechanical press and subsequent differential centrifugation. This immunogenic tumor has been previously shown to express both H-2d and extra H-2k-like antigens. Original H-2d and alien H-2k antigenic activities were present in CM C-1 as judged by the specific inhibition of the C'-dependent cytotoxicity of monospecific H-2 alloantisera on normal 51Cr-labelled lymphoid cells. Both K- and D-end private H-2d antigens (31 and 4), and H-2d public antigens 8, 29, 35 were detected in CM C-1. In addition, the alien H-2Kk.23 private specificity and the public H-2k.1, 5, and 25 were also found in CM C-1. A weak but reproducible activity attributable to the Dk private antigen 32 was also revealed in this material. A hierarchy in the expression of both H-2d and H-2k specificities was evident in CM C-1 which paralleled, although with an overall lower antigenic activity, those of two other BALB/c (H-2d) fibrosarcomas and of a C3Hf (H-2k) lymphoma, respectively. CM from normal BALB/c and C3Hf spleens, while expressing higher amounts of all the tested H-2 antigens, displayed a hierarchy of the different specificities similar to that of neoplastic tissues. Crude soluble (CS) material was obtained from CM C-1 by deoxycholate treatment and was tested in the inhibition assay for the presence of H-2d and alien H-2k antigens. Only specificities with the highest expression in CM were found in CS, i.e. H-2.4 and 29 for H-2d and H-2.25 for H-2*. Both CM and CS from C-1, but not from another control BALB/c sarcoma, were able to significantly inhibit the activity of an oligospecific serum to the Kk-coded antigens.

Replications can cause distorted belief in scientific progress

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Białek
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
The Public ◽  
Psychological Science

AbstractIf we want psychological science to have a meaningful real-world impact, it has to be trusted by the public. Scientific progress is noisy; accordingly, replications sometimes fail even for true findings. We need to communicate the acceptability of uncertainty to the public and our peers, to prevent psychology from being perceived as having nothing to say about reality.

Hospitals: N.Y. Appellate Court Denies Move to Privatize Public Hospital

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Robert Chatham
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Municipal Hospital ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Benefit Corporation ◽  
The City

The Court of Appeals of New York held, in Council of the City of New York u. Giuliani, slip op. 02634, 1999 WL 179257 (N.Y. Mar. 30, 1999), that New York City may not privatize a public city hospital without state statutory authorization. The court found invalid a sublease of a municipal hospital operated by a public benefit corporation to a private, for-profit entity. The court reasoned that the controlling statute prescribed the operation of a municipal hospital as a government function that must be fulfilled by the public benefit corporation as long as it exists, and nothing short of legislative action could put an end to the corporation's existence.In 1969, the New York State legislature enacted the Health and Hospitals Corporation Act (HHCA), establishing the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) as an attempt to improve the New York City public health system. Thirty years later, on a renewed perception that the public health system was once again lacking, the city administration approved a sublease of Coney Island Hospital from HHC to PHS New York, Inc. (PHS), a private, for-profit entity.

Democrazy—Dem Go Craze, O: Monitoring the 1999 Nigerian Elections

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Darren Kew
Keyword(s):  
Transition Program ◽  
The Political ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Soccer Match ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Military

In many respects, the least important part of the 1999 elections were the elections themselves. From the beginning of General Abdusalam Abubakar’s transition program in mid-1998, most Nigerians who were not part of the wealthy “political class” of elites—which is to say, most Nigerians— adopted their usual politically savvy perspective of siddon look (sit and look). They waited with cautious optimism to see what sort of new arrangement the military would allow the civilian politicians to struggle over, and what in turn the civilians would offer the public. No one had any illusions that anything but high-stakes bargaining within the military and the political class would determine the structures of power in the civilian government. Elections would influence this process to the extent that the crowd influences a soccer match.

Insights into amyloid disease from fly models

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko-Fan Chen ◽  
Damian C. Crowther
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Amyloid Aggregates ◽  
Aβ Amyloid ◽  
Polypeptide Chains ◽  
Amyloid Diseases

The formation of amyloid aggregates is a feature of most, if not all, polypeptide chains. In vivo modelling of this process has been undertaken in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster with remarkable success. Models of both neurological and systemic amyloid diseases have been generated and have informed our understanding of disease pathogenesis in two main ways. First, the toxic amyloid species have been at least partially characterized, for example in the case of the Aβ (amyloid β-peptide) associated with Alzheimer's disease. Secondly, the genetic underpinning of model disease-linked phenotypes has been characterized for a number of neurodegenerative disorders. The current challenge is to integrate our understanding of disease-linked processes in the fly with our growing knowledge of human disease, for the benefit of patients.

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