Consultation prevalence among children, adolescents and young adults with pain conditions: A description of age‐ and gender differences

Interpreting other people’s intentions during communication represents a remarkable challenge for children. Although many studies have examined children’s understanding of, for example, sarcasm, less is known about their interpretation. Using realistic audiovisual scenes, we invited 124 children between 8 and 12 years old to watch video clips of young adults using different speaker intentions. After watching each video clip, children answered questions about the characters and their beliefs, and the perceived friendliness of the speaker. Children’s responses reveal age and gender differences in the ability to interpret speaker belief and social intentions, especially for scenarios conveying teasing and prosocial lies. We found that the ability to infer speaker belief of prosocial lies and to interpret social intentions increases with age. Our results suggest that children at the age of 8 years already show adult-like abilities to understand literal statements, whereas the ability to infer specific social intentions, such as teasing and prosocial lies, is still developing between the age of 8 and 12 years. Moreover, girls performed better in classifying prosocial lies and sarcasm as insincere than boys. The outcomes expand our understanding of how children observe speaker intentions and suggest further research into the development of teasing and prosocial lie interpretation.

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Perceptions of love across the lifespan

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/0165025413492486 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 417-427 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Sindy R. Sumter ◽

Patti M. Valkenburg ◽

Jochen Peter

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Young Adults ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Academic Research ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Age And Gender Differences ◽

Adolescents And Adults ◽

And Gender ◽

Three Factor

This study investigated perceptions of love across the lifespan using Sternberg’s triangular theory of love, which distinguishes between passion, intimacy, and commitment. The study aimed to (a) investigate the psychometric properties of the short Triangular Love Scale (TLS-short) in adolescents and adults (see Appendix), and (b) track age and gender differences in the three love components of the TLS-short in a sample of 12- to 88-year-olds (N = 2791). The three-factor structure of the TLS-short was confirmed in both the adolescent and adult sample. Adolescents (12–17 years) reported lower levels of all love components compared to young adults (18–30 years). Late adults (50+) reported lower levels of passion and intimacy, but similar levels of commitment compared to young (18–30 years) and middle adults (30–50 years). Gender differences in the perceptions of all three love components were present but less sizeable than suggested in popular accounts and earlier academic research.

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Age and gender differences in fundamental motor skills (original version in English)

Pensar en Movimiento Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud ◽

10.15517/pensarmov.v13i2.18327 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Judith Jiménez Díaz ◽

Walter Salazar Rojas ◽

María Morera

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Young Adults ◽

Motor Skills ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Object Control ◽

Fundamental Motor Skills ◽

Age And Gender Differences ◽

And Gender ◽

Main Effects ◽

Better Than

Fundamental motor skills are the basis for participation in more advanced lifetime activities. Whereas considerable research has been reported on motor behavior of children, much less is known about performance in later years, especially adulthood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine age and gender differences on fundamental motor skills (FMS) ability across three age groups: children (M = 9.37 yr., SD = 1.26), adolescents (M = 14.80 yr., SD = 2.04) and young-adults (M = 19.88 yr., SD = 2.72). Participants (n = 114) were assessed on five locomotor skills (run, gallop, slide, hop, and distance jump) and five object control skills (bounce, catch, overhand throw, strike and kick) using the Test for Fundamental Motor Skills, which is a process-oriented instrument. ANOVA results comparing gender and group revealed no significant interactions. Moreover, main effects for group were found for three individual skills: galloping –adolescents and young-adults performed better than children (p < .01)–, throwing –children and adolescents performed better than young-adults (p < .01) –, and kicking –young-adults performed better than children and adolescents (p < .05)–. Also, we found main effects for gender for total FMS ability (p < .01), locomotor subscale (p < .05) and object control subscale (p < .01), and for six individual motor skills: run (p < .05), jump (p < .05), throw (p < .01), kick (p < .01), bounce (p < .01) and strike (p < .01); males outperformed females for all the skills. However, in view of total FMS ability, locomotor skills and object control skills results suggest similar performance across ages. Therefore, it is important to enhance fundamental motor skills at all ages, as an option to help individuals engage in physical activities.

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PRS1O: AGE AND GENDER DIFFERENCES IN UTILIZATION OF ASTHMA MEDICATION IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS IN TAYSIDE, SCOTLAND

Value in Health ◽

10.1016/s1098-3015(11)70706-9 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 330

Author(s):

DM McNaughton ◽

G Libby ◽

PT Donnan ◽

TM MacDonald

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Young Adults ◽

Asthma Medication ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Age And Gender Differences ◽

Children And Young Adults ◽

And Gender

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Children's Attitudes toward Play: An Investigation of Their Context Specificity and Relationship to Organized Sport Experiences

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.11.3.336 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 336-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Donald L. Greer ◽

Michael J. Stewart

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Young Adults ◽

The Body ◽

Original Formulation ◽

Context Specificity ◽

Strong Argument ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Organized Sport ◽

Age And Gender Differences ◽

And Gender

Beginning with the work of Webb (1969), a line of research has developed attempting to explain how the socialization experiences of children and adolescents help transform their attitudes toward play. In Webb's view, the transformation to a state of being "professionalized" has occurred when an emphasis on equity and fairness, which are pronounced at earlier stages of development, has been replaced by a focus on winning. The body of research that has developed from this original formulation has consistently identified age and gender differences (Loy, Birrell, & Rose, 1976; Maloney & Petrie, 1972; Mantel & VanderVelden, 1971) in play attitudes, with males being more highly professionalized than females, and adolescents and young adults more professionalized than preadolescents. Webb's research identified age, social class, and religious differences in play orientation and made a strong argument that attitudinal transformations represent a coming together of the worlds of play and work:

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