Distant-earthquake simulations considering source rupture propagation: refining the seismic hazard of Hong Kong

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusnowidjaja Megawati ◽  
Adrian M. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Rupture Propagation ◽  
Earthquake Simulations ◽  
Distant Earthquake

Selection of earthquake ground motion accelerograms for structural design in Hong Kong

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2044-2056
Author(s):  
Jiang Yi ◽  
Nelson Lam ◽  
Hing-Ho Tsang ◽  
Francis TK Au
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Earthquake Ground Motion ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Median Response ◽  
Earthquake Scenarios ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Conditional Mean ◽  
Moderate Seismicity ◽  
Earthquake Accelerograms

Hong Kong is situated in an intraplate area of low to moderate seismicity, where recorded strong-motion accelerograms are scarce. As part of the seismic design process, dynamic time-history analysis is sometimes required for assessing the seismic performance of structures. Hence, earthquake accelerograms representative of various local design hazard levels are needed. This study aims to develop a methodology for building up a database of earthquake accelerograms for the Hong Kong region which can be used for the analysis and design of a variety of structural and geotechnical systems. An outline of the previous probabilistic seismic hazard analysis studies conducted for Hong Kong is first presented and several design earthquake scenarios are determined, which contribute most to the local seismic hazard given a specific return period. The median response spectra and conditional mean spectra of the selected earthquake scenarios for reference rock sites are then derived based on the component attenuation model. The conditional mean spectra are then used as the target spectra for the selection and scaling of recorded accelerograms sourced from the available global database. Finally, a suite of conditional mean spectra–compatible accelerograms for rock sites is presented, from which event-specific and site-specific accelerograms are generated through dynamic site response analysis.

scholarly journals Sequences of seismic and aseismic slip on bimaterial faults show dominant rupture asymmetry and potential for elevated seismic hazard

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdelmeguid ◽  
Ahmed Elbanna
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Normal Stress ◽  
Nucleation Site ◽  
Rupture Propagation ◽  
Aseismic Slip ◽  
Earthquake Physics ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
Seismicity Pattern ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Material Contrast

We perform numerical simulations of sequences of earthquake and aseismic slip on planar rate and state faults separating dissimilar material within the 2-D plane strain approximation. We resolve all stages of the earthquake cycle from aseismic slip to fast ruptures while incorporating full inertia effects during seismic event propagation. We show that bimaterial coupling results in favorable nucleation site and subsequent asymmetric rupture propagation. We demonstrate that increasing the material contrast enhances this asymmetry leading to higher slip rates and normal stress drops in the preferred rupture propagation direction. The normal stress drop, induced by the bimaterial effect, leads to strong dynamic weakening of the fault and may destabilize the creeping region on a heterogeneous rate and state fault, resulting in extended rupture propagation. Such rupture penetration into creeping patches may lead to more frequent opening of earthquake gates, causing increased seismic hazard. Furthermore, bimaterial coupling may lead to irregular seismicity pattern in terms of event length, peak slip rates,and hypocenter location, depending on the properties of the creeping patches bordering the seismogenically active part of the fault . Our results highlight robust characteristics of bimaterial interfaces that persist over long sequence of events and suggest the need for further exploration of the role of material contrast in earthquake physics and models of seismic hazard.

An updated seismic hazard analysis of the Hong Kong region

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
J W Pappin ◽  
H Jiang ◽  
R C H Koo ◽  
Y B Yu ◽  
J S H Kwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Seismic Hazard Analysis

A rigorous probabilistic seismic hazard model for Southeast China: a case study of Hong Kong

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3597-3623 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Pappin ◽  
R. C. H. Koo ◽  
H. Jiang ◽  
J. S. H. Kwan ◽  
Y. B. Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Hazard Model ◽  
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard ◽  
Southeast China

Towards physics-based PSHA using CyberShake in the South Iceland Seismic Zone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otilio Rojas ◽  
Juan Esteban Rodriguez ◽  
Josep de la Puente ◽  
Scott Callaghan ◽  
Claudia Abril ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
The South ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
South Iceland Seismic Zone ◽  
Earthquake Simulations

<p>Traditional Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) estimates the level of earthquake ground shaking that is expected to be exceeded with a given recurrence time on the basis of  historical earthquake catalogues and empirical and time-independent Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs). The smooth nature of GMPEs usually disregards some well known drivers of ground motion characteristics associated with fault rupture processes, in particular in the near-fault region, complex source-site propagation of seismic waves, and sedimentary basin response. Modern physics-based earthquake simulations can consider all these effects, but require a large set of input parameters for which constraints may often be scarce. However, with the aid of high-performance computing (HPC) infrastructures  the parameter space may be sampled in an efficient and scalable manner allowing for a large suite of site-specific ground motion simulations that approach the center, body and range of expected ground motions. </p><p>CyberShake is a HPC platform designed to undertake physics-based PSHA from a large suite of earthquake simulations. These simulations are based on seismic reciprocity, rendering PSHA computationally tractable for hundreds of thousands potential earthquakes. For each site of interest, multiple kinematic rupture scenarios, derived by varying slip distributions and hypocenter location across the pre-defined fault system, are generated from an input Earthquake Forecast Model (EFM). Each event is simulated to determine ground motion intensities, which are synthesized into hazard results. CyberShake has been developed by the Southern California Earthquake Center, and used so far to assess seismic hazard in California. This work focuses on the CyberShake migration to the seismic region of South Iceland (63.5°- 64.5°N, 20°-22°W) where the largely sinistral East-West transform motion across the tectonic margin is taken up by a complex array of near-vertical and parallel North-South oriented dextral transform faults in the South Iceland Seismic Zone (SISZ) and the Reykjanes Peninsula Oblique Rift (RPOR). Here, we describe the main steps of migrating CyberShake to the SISZ and RPOR, starting by setting up a relational input database describing potential causative faults and rupture characteristics, and key sites of interest. To simulate our EFM, we use the open source code SHERIFS, a logic-tree method that converts the slip rates of complex fault systems to the corresponding annual seismicity rate. The fault slip rates are taken from a new 3D physics-based fault model for the SISZ-RPOR transform fault system. To validate model and simulation parameters, two validation steps using key CyberShake modeling tools have been carried out. First, we perform simulations of historical earthquakes and compare the synthetics with recorded ground motions and results from other forward simulations. Second, we adjust the rupture kinematics to make slip distributions more representative of SISZ-type earthquakes by comparing with static slip distributions of past significant earthquakes. Finally, we run CyberShake and compare key parameters of the synthetic ground motions with new GMPEs available for the study region. The successful migration and use of CyberShake in South Iceland is the first step of a full-scale physics-based PSHA in the region, and showcases the implementation of CyberShake in new regions.</p>

scholarly journals On the potential seismic hazard in Hong Kong

Episodes ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee C.F. ◽  
Ye Hong ◽  
Zhou Qing
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Seismic Hazard

Effect of Earthquake-Induced Damage on the Sidesway Response of Steel Moment-Frame Buildings during Fire Exposure

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley J. Keller ◽  
Stephen Pessiki
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Plastic Hinge ◽  
Fire Exposure ◽  
Moment Frame ◽  
Steel Moment Frame ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Frame Building ◽  
Resistive Material ◽  
Special Moment Frame ◽  
Earthquake Simulations

Spray-applied fire-resistive material (SFRM) is prone to debonding, cracking, and spalling in steel moment-frame plastic hinge regions during inelastic seismic response. To evaluate the effect of experimentally observed earthquake-induced SFRM spall patterns on building sidesway response during an ensuing fire, an analytical case study is developed for a steel special moment-frame building with a seismic hazard representative of coastal California. Response data from numerical earthquake simulations indicate that damage to SFRM insulation in beam hinge regions should be anticipated following ground shaking representative of the maximum considered seismic hazard. Thermomechanical post-earthquake fire simulations demonstrate that earthquake-induced SFRM spalling significantly increases thermal degradation in the affected beam hinge regions during fire exposure, leading to pronounced softening of moment-rotation response for the beam-column assemblies. This temperature-induced moment-frame connection softening increases the flexibility of the structural system for sidesway motion and exacerbates drift demands under the action of residual destabilizing forces.

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