The impact of hepatitis B vaccination in United States, 1999‐2018

Vaccines are a core component of any preventive strategy designed to ensure the global public health. A major factor influencing the successful implementation of any immunization program is awareness and public acceptance of the vaccine. The present study focuses on potential impacts of awareness created by media campaigns on vaccination coverage of hepatitis B. In this paper, a SIR model with vital dynamics in a population of varying size is investigated, which couples hepatitis B vaccination and awareness created by media within a single framework. It is assumed that media campaigns propagate awareness about measures requisite for escaping the chances of contracting hepatitis B. The awareness created by media motivates people to get vaccinated and attain full immunization against hepatitis B virus. For analyzing the model, stability theory of differential equations is employed. First, equilibria of the system comprising fractions of the population are obtained and their stability behavior is discussed. Then the asymptotic behavior of total population is discussed in detail. Three threshold parameters R0, R1and R2governing the dynamics of infection and total population are also affirmed. The findings of numerical simulations are also in line with analytically obtained results.

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Impact of hepatitis B vaccine in Tunisia 20 years after its introduction

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz187.156 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

A Lahchaichi ◽

M Ben Hadj ◽

H Bouguerra ◽

K Talmoudi ◽

A Bahrini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Vaccine Effectiveness ◽

Coverage Rate ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Reference Laboratory ◽

Test Results ◽

Vaccination Coverage Rate ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction Vaccination against hepatitis B represents the most effective preventive measure to reduce the global impact of this infection. In Tunisia hepatitis B vaccination was introduced for health professionals in 1992 and for the general population in 1995. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of vaccination twenty years after its introduction. Methods It was a descriptive study of data provided by the national survey of prevalence of Hepatitis B in Tunisia, which was a household-based study conducted in 2015. Blood samples sent to the reference laboratory to test markers of hepatitis B virus infection. The Vaccine effectiveness rate was calculated using the following formula: VE = 1 - Odds-ratio (OR), where OR = ratio of odds of being vaccinated among subjects with positive HBsAg test results to the odds of being vaccinated among subjects with negative HBsAg test results. Results Approximately a quarter of our population reported having been vaccinated against HBV, a coverage rate of 26.9%. Among subjects above 20 years of age, this rate was 85.3%. Besides, 83.7% of vaccinated subjects had received the three required doses of the HBV vaccine. Analysis of vaccination status by great regions of the country showed that the vaccination coverage rate was higher in the southern region. Regarding HBsAg prevalence, the rate was significantly higher among unvaccinated subjects 0.3% vs 2.2% in those vaccinated (OR = 0.11 [0.07-0.18]). We found that among vaccinated subjects, the serologic response rate at vaccination was only 63.2% which represented 16.2% of the total population. The vaccine effectiveness indicated that vaccination reduced by 88.6% the risk of HBV infection. Conclusions These results demonstrate that vaccination against hepatitis B introduced in the national immunization schedule since 1995 has reduced the infection although the vaccination coverage rate remains below 90%. Key messages Importance of vaccination that reduced by 88.6% the risk of HBV infection. More effort required to raise awareness about vaccination against HBV.

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Thimerosal-containing hepatitis b vaccination and the risk for diagnosed specific delays in development in the united states: A case-control study in the vaccine safety datalink

North American Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.4103/1947-2714.143284 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 519 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

JanetK Kern ◽

BrianS Hooker ◽

PaulG King ◽

LisaK Sykes ◽

MarkR Geier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Vaccine Safety ◽

The United States ◽

Case Control ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Control Study

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Comparison of the implementation of human papillomavirus and hepatitis B vaccination programs in the United States: Implications for future vaccines

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.073 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 954-962 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Catherine Constable ◽

Arthur Caplan

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

The United States ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Vaccination Programs

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A longitudinal cohort study of the relationship between Thimerosal-containing hepatitis B vaccination and specific delays in development in the United States: Assessment of attributable risk and lifetime care costs

Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health ◽

10.1016/j.jegh.2015.06.002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 105 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

David A. Geier ◽

Janet K. Kern ◽

Brian S. Hooker ◽

Paul G. King ◽

Lisa K. Sykes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

The United States ◽

Attributable Risk ◽

Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Longitudinal Cohort ◽

The Relationship ◽

Care Costs

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Hepatitis B vaccination and changes in sexual risk behaviour among men who have sex with men in Amsterdam

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268808000976 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 137 (4) ◽

pp. 504-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. XIRIDOU ◽

J. WALLINGA ◽

N. DUKERS-MUIJERS ◽

R. COUTINHO

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Sexual Risk ◽

Vaccination Campaign ◽

Risk Behaviour ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Sexual Risk Behaviour ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Sex With Men ◽

The Impact

SUMMARYThe impact of hepatitis B vaccination in men having sex with men in Amsterdam has been marginal until now, possibly because of increases in sexual risk behaviour counterbalancing the effect of vaccination. A mathematical model is used to describe the hepatitis B epidemic. The model shows that, with the current vaccination coverage, the decrease in incidence is small in the beginning. However, the number of infections prevented per vaccine administered rises over time. Nevertheless, increased risk behaviour reduces the benefit of vaccination. Targeting high-risk men is more successful in reducing and containing the epidemic than targeting low-risk men. In conclusion, the vaccination campaign is effective and should be intensified. High-risk men should be targeted for vaccination and for risk reduction.

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Seroepidemiology of hepatitis A and hepatitis B virus in Luxembourg

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268805005789 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 134 (4) ◽

pp. 808-813 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J. MOSSONG ◽

L. PUTZ ◽

S. PATINY ◽

F. SCHNEIDER

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Vaccination Programme ◽

Hepatitis A ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Core Antigen ◽

Substantial Impact ◽

B Virus ◽

The Impact

A prospective seroepidemiological survey was carried out in Luxembourg in 2000–2001 to determine the antibody status of the Luxembourg population against hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). One of the objectives of this survey was to assess the impact of the hepatitis B vaccination programme, which started in May 1996 and included a catch-up campaign for all adolescents aged 12–15 years. Venous blood from 2679 individuals was screened for the presence of antibodies to HAV antigen and antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) using an enzyme immunoassay. Samples positive for anti-HBs were tested for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) using a chemiluminiscent microparticle immunoassay to distinguish between individuals with past exposure to vaccine or natural infection. The estimated age-standardized anti-HAV seroprevalence was 42·0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 39·8–44·1] in the population >4 years of age. Seroprevalence was age-dependent and highest in adult immigrants from Portugal and the former Yugoslavia. The age-standardized prevalence of anti-HBs and anti-HBc was estimated at 19·7% (95% CI 18·1–21·3) and 3·16% (95% CI 2·2–4·1) respectively. Anti-HBs seroprevalence exceeding 50% was found in the cohorts targeted by the routine hepatitis B vaccination programme, which started in 1996. Our study illustrates that most young people in Luxembourg are susceptible to HAV infection and that the hepatitis B vaccination programme is having a substantial impact on population immunity in children and teenagers.

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