Family planning campaigns on television and contraceptive use in India

This study examines the associations between women’s empowerment and family planning use in Jimma Zone, Western Ethiopia. A total of 746 randomly selected married women of reproductive age were interviewed. The data were employed by structural equation modelling (SEM) to investigate the complex and multidimensional pathways to show women’s empowerment domains in family planning utilisation. Results of the study revealed that 72% of married women had used family planning. Younger women, having access to information, having access to health facilities and being aware about family planning methods, living in a rural area, having an older partner and increased household decision-making power were associated with using family planning methods. Women’s empowerment is an important determinant of contraceptive use. Women’s empowerment dimensions included increased household decision-making power, socio-demographic variables and having access to information about family planning and accessible health facilities. These were found to be important determinants of contraceptive use. Future interventions should focus on integrating women’s empowerment into family planning programming, particularly in enhancing women’s autonomy in decision making. Further research is warranted on the socio-cultural context of women that influences women’s empowerment and family planning use to establish an in-depth understanding and equity of women in society.

Download Full-text

Family Planning Beliefs and Their Association with Contraceptive Use Dynamics: Results from a Longitudinal Study in Uganda

Studies in Family Planning ◽

10.1111/sifp.12153 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Linnea A. Zimmerman ◽

Dana O. Sarnak ◽

Celia Karp ◽

Shannon N. Wood ◽

Caroline Moreau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Family Planning ◽

Contraceptive Use

Download Full-text

Measuring Men’s Gender Norm Beliefs Related to Contraception: Development of the Masculine Norms and Family Planning Acceptance Scale

Archives of Sexual Behavior ◽

10.1007/s10508-021-01941-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sara J. Newmann ◽

Jennifer Monroe Zakaras ◽

Shari L. Dworkin ◽

Mellissa Withers ◽

Louisa Ndunyu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Gender Norms ◽

Male Partner ◽

Masculine Norms ◽

Pregnancy Spacing ◽

Key Factor ◽

Acceptance Scale ◽

Future Work ◽

Positive Engagement

AbstractMale partner resistance is identified as a key factor that influences women’s contraceptive use. Examination of the masculine norms that shape men’s resistance to contraception—and how to intervene on these norms—is needed. To assess a gender-transformative intervention in Kenya, we developed and evaluated a masculinity-informed instrument to measure men’s contraceptive acceptance—the Masculine Norms and Family Planning Acceptance (MNFPA) scale. We developed draft scale items based on qualitative research and administered them to partnered Kenyan men (n = 150). Item response theory-based methods were used to reduce and psychometrically evaluate final scale items. The MNFPA scale had a Cronbach’s α of 0.68 and loaded onto a single factor. MNFPA scores were associated with self-efficacy and intention to accept a female partner’s use of contraception; scores were not associated with current contraceptive use. The MNFPA scale is the first rigorously developed and psychometrically evaluated tool to assess men’s contraceptive acceptance as a function of male gender norms. Future work is needed to test the MNFPA measure in larger samples and across different contexts. The scale can be used to evaluate interventions that seek to shift gender norms to increase men’s positive engagement in pregnancy spacing and prevention.

Download Full-text

A qualitative exploration of contraceptive use and discontinuation among women with an unmet need for modern contraception in Kenya

Reproductive Health ◽

10.1186/s12978-021-01094-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Susan Ontiri ◽

Lilian Mutea ◽

Violet Naanyu ◽

Mark Kabue ◽

Regien Biesma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Side Effects ◽

Peer Influence ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Modern Contraception ◽

Modern Contraceptives ◽

Family Planning Programs ◽

Contraceptive Discontinuation

Abstract Background Addressing the unmet need for modern contraception underpins the goal of all family planning and contraception programs. Contraceptive discontinuation among those in need of a method hinders the attainment of the fertility desires of women, which may result in unintended pregnancies. This paper presents experiences of contraceptive use, reasons for discontinuation, and future intentions to use modern contraceptives. Methods Qualitative data were collected in two rural counties in Kenya in 2019 from women with unmet need for contraception who were former modern contraceptive users. Additional data was collected from male partners of some of the women interviewed. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions explored previous experience with contraceptive use, reasons for discontinuation, and future intentionality to use. Following data collection, digitally recorded data were transcribed verbatim, translated, and coded using thematic analysis through an inductive approach. Results Use of modern contraception to prevent pregnancy and plan for family size was a strong motivator for uptake of contraceptives. The contraceptive methods used were mainly sourced from public health facilities though adolescents got them from the private sector. Reasons for discontinued use included side effects, method failure, peer influence, gender-based violence due to covert use of contraceptives, and failure within the health system. Five reasons were provided for those not willing to use in the future: fear of side effects, cost of contraceptive services, family conflicts over the use of modern contraceptives, reduced need, and a shift to traditional methods. Conclusion This study expands the literature by examining reasons for contraceptive discontinuation and future intentionality to use among women in need of contraception. The results underscore the need for family planning interventions that incorporate quality of care in service provision to address contraceptive discontinuation. Engaging men and other social influencers in family planning programs and services will help garner support for contraception, rather than focusing exclusively on women. The results of this study can inform implementation of family planning programs in Kenya and beyond to ensure they address the concerns of former modern contraception users.

Download Full-text

Family planning availability and contraceptive use in rural Bangladesh: An examination of the distance decay effect

Socio-Economic Planning Sciences ◽

10.1016/0038-0121(91)90002-9 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 269-282

Author(s):

Bimal Kanti Paul

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Distance Decay ◽

Rural Bangladesh ◽

Decay Effect

Download Full-text

Differences in contraceptive use between family planning providers and the U.S. population: results of a nationwide survey

Contraception ◽

10.1016/j.contraception.2015.02.005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 91 (6) ◽

pp. 464-469 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Lisa F. Stern ◽

Hannah R. Simons ◽

Julia E. Kohn ◽

Elie J. Debevec ◽

Johanna M. Morfesis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Nationwide Survey ◽

The U.S

Download Full-text

The knowledge, attitude, practice of contraception in breastfeeding mothers

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20182896 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 2862

Author(s):

Asha Neravi ◽

Voorkara Udayashree ◽

Ashwitha Gundmi

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

National Level ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Family Planning Programme ◽

Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽

Contraceptive Pills ◽

Knowledge And Practice ◽

Structured Questionnaire ◽

Do So

Background: The nationwide Family Planning Programme was started in India in 1952, making it the first country in the world to do so. In spite of this about 56% eligible couples in India are still unprotected against conception. Even after 63 years of national level family planning programme there exists a KAP- GAP i.e. a gap between the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding contraception. Hence this study to reassess where we stand and also use it as an opportunity to increase the awareness, sensitize and motivate the eligible couples for contraceptive use and decrease the KAP-GAP.Methods: A structured questionnaire was given to postnatal breastfeeding mothers attending Outpatient department Obstetrics and gynecology and Pediatrics and postnatal wards of Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad from 1 November 2014 to 1 October 2015, and results tabulated.Results: In this study 48.4% of the mothers knew that exclusive breast feeding could be used as a method of contraception. About 54.6% mothers used one or the other type of contraception during breastfeeding. Most practiced contraception being condom followed by Cu-T. A very small number of mothers considered oral contraceptive pills and injectable contraception in the form of Depot-Provera.Conclusions: In most of the women attitude towards use of family planning method was satisfactory but there exists disparity between the knowledge and practice of contraception.

Download Full-text

Knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning among married women of reproductive age in a VDC of eastern Nepal

Journal of Chitwan Medical College ◽

10.3126/jcmc.v6i1.16655 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 48-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S Uprety ◽

I S Poudel ◽

A Ghimire ◽

M Poudel ◽

S Bhattrai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Married Women ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Contraceptive Methods ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Contraceptive use and fertility rates vary substantially among developing countries. An important factor, which affects the fertility of any population, is Contraceptive. Contraceptive use varies by age. Nepal over the past 15 years show an impressive increase in the use of modern contraceptive methods from 26 percent in 1996 to 43 percent in 2011. Objectives of the is to assess the knowledge, attitude regarding family planning and the practice of contraceptives among the married women of Dhabi VDC of Eastern Nepal. A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was done in Dhabi VDC. Total of 300 married women age 15-49 sample were taken from family planning center situated in Dhabi. Knowledge, attitude and practice on contraceptives were evaluated with the help of a predesigned questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was done by using SPSS 11.5 software to obtain frequencies and percentages. Out of 300 interviewed women, the mean age was 27.94 years, 98% had heard about Family planning method. Radio was the main Source of family planning information. Regarding the usage of contraceptive methods, about 79.3% had ever used and 63.3 had current using some sort of contraception, among the method used Injectables were the commonly used methods About 71% of married women other child in the further. Despite the knowledge of all family planning methods majority of the women used Injectables. Easily accessible and easily to use were the main reasons for choosing Injectables methods.

Download Full-text

Assessment of men involvement in family planning services use and associated factors in rural Upper West Region of Ghana

10.21203/rs.3.rs-412990/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abigail Kpekpo Kwawukume ◽

Alexander Suuk Laar ◽

Tanko Abdulai

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Rural Setting ◽

Northern Ghana ◽

Cultural Norms ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Family Planning Services ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Promotion And Education ◽

Public Health Officials

Abstract Background In low-and-middle come countries (LMICs) less attention is paid to men’ involvement in Family Planning (FP)programs where public health officials have advocated the involvement of men as a strategy for addressing the dismal performance of FP programs. The study assessed factors which promote or hinder the uptake of FP services among partners in a rural setting of northern Ghana. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used to collect data from 200 respondents. Study respondents were selected through random cluster sampling. Results The findings showed that men partners’ knowledge (95.5%) and approval (72.8%) of FP services were high. Approval of services was also confirmed by their men partners (75%). Mass media was the commonest source of contraception information (48.1%) with the radio (29.4%) being the most popular source. The findings also indicated that men had a higher propensity (X2 = 4.5534, p = 0.033) of supporting a FP method use. Women who reported that their spouse supported FP method use were more likely to use a contraceptive method (X2 = 9.5223, P = 0.002) if their spouse supported FP method use (X2 = 9.5223, P = 0.002) and if their partners had some education (X2 = 14.1133, P = 0.000). Reasons for low contraceptive use were health risks, side-effects and socio-cultural norms. Conclusion Family planning programs need to include men at all levels of health promotion and education of FP programs to help reduce misconceptions about contraceptive

Download Full-text

The role of empowerment in the use of modern contraceptives among women in need of family planning in Burkina Faso: A multilevel analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-17908/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sylvain Y. M. SOME ◽

Christy Pu ◽

Song-Lih Huang

Keyword(s):

Secondary Education ◽

Family Planning ◽

Burkina Faso ◽

Gender Equality ◽

Multilevel Analysis ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Community Level ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Modern Contraceptives ◽

Modern Contraceptive Use

Abstract Background In Burkina Faso, women still have difficulty satisfying their family planning demand because of the patriarchal and gender-unequal society. Despite evidence that women’s empowerment can help, few studies have measured its impact at both community and household levels. Taking into account these two parameters, we looked into the association between women’s empowerment and modern contraception use among Married Women of Reproductive Age (MWRA) with no desire for having children in Burkina Faso. Methods Using the 2010 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), we analyzed data from 4714 MWRA with family planning needs from 573 communities. Indicators of gender equality at the community level were composed of aggregated variables for each primary sampling unit, and domains of women’s agency in households matters were derived with principal component analysis. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to gauge the effects of empowerment on modern contraceptives use adjusted for household socioeconomic status and demographics of women. Results Among MWRA, 30.8% satisfied their demand for family planning using modern methods. At the community level, higher women’s assets ownership (aOR 1.26, CI 1.04 - 1.54), secondary education (aOR 1.45, OR 1.08 - 1.64), and exposure to family planning messages (aOR 1.33, CI 1.08 - 1.64) were associated with more modern contraceptive use; higher ideal number of children was negatively associated (aOR 0.76, CI 0.61 - 0.95). Unexpectedly, higher community prevalence of female genital mutilation was positively associated with contraceptive use (aOR 1.25, CI 1.03-1.52). Women’s agency in household matters, including opposing domestic violence, involved with decisions and enjoying freedom in seeking healthcare were positively associated with use, but only the last domain remained significant in multilevel analysis (aOR 1.29, CI 1.08 - 1.54). Living in richer household, being older, and having secondary education level were also positively associated with modern contraceptive use. Conclusion Gender equality at the community level and women’s situation in the household constitute the context in which women’s demand for family planning is determined. Therefore, promoting gender equality and ensuring women’s entitlement to make life choices have the potential to increase modern contraceptive coverage along with improved life conditions.

Download Full-text