Analysis of Household Economic Conditions and Community Habits on The Incidence of Anemia in Pregnant Women through Household Nutrition Management in The Working Area of The Salugatta Health Center, Central Mamuju Regency

This study aims to determine and analyze how much influence the economic situation and community habits have on the incidence of anemia through household nutrition management in the work area of the Salugatta Public Health Center, Central Mamuju Regency. Methods: This research was conducted in the Salugatta Health Center Work Area, Central Mamuju Regency, which was carried out for approximately 2 (two) months, from August 2020 to September 2020. The sampling technique used accidental saturation, and the final sample (Slovin's formula) was 183 people. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation, while data analysis by path analysis. Results: The results showed that household economic conditions positively and significantly affected household nutrition management. The household's financial situation has improved the case in many ways, such as increasing the education of family members, income, employment, ownership of wealth, and housing. Which, in the end, can encourage the improvement of household nutrition and promote the high ability to improve the health status of families, especially pregnant women, to avoid incidents of anemia. Community habits have a positive and significant impact on household nutrition management. The pattern of community habits (pregnant women) is shown by regular physical activity. Awareness of the importance of managing pregnancy spacing, adequate rest and maintaining stamina during the pregnancy process has led to improvements in the nutritional settings they need. As well as improving good habits from the community, especially Pregnant women have shown a decrease in the incidence of anemia.

Measuring Men’s Gender Norm Beliefs Related to Contraception: Development of the Masculine Norms and Family Planning Acceptance Scale

Male partner resistance is identified as a key factor that influences women’s contraceptive use. Examination of the masculine norms that shape men’s resistance to contraception—and how to intervene on these norms—is needed. To assess a gender-transformative intervention in Kenya, we developed and evaluated a masculinity-informed instrument to measure men’s contraceptive acceptance—the Masculine Norms and Family Planning Acceptance (MNFPA) scale. We developed draft scale items based on qualitative research and administered them to partnered Kenyan men (n = 150). Item response theory-based methods were used to reduce and psychometrically evaluate final scale items. The MNFPA scale had a Cronbach’s α of 0.68 and loaded onto a single factor. MNFPA scores were associated with self-efficacy and intention to accept a female partner’s use of contraception; scores were not associated with current contraceptive use. The MNFPA scale is the first rigorously developed and psychometrically evaluated tool to assess men’s contraceptive acceptance as a function of male gender norms. Future work is needed to test the MNFPA measure in larger samples and across different contexts. The scale can be used to evaluate interventions that seek to shift gender norms to increase men’s positive engagement in pregnancy spacing and prevention.

Analysis of Obstetric Medical Determinant Factors toward Mothers with the Stunting Children

Introduction: Toddlerhood is a period that is very sensitive to the environment so more attention is needed especially the adequacy of nutrition. Nutrition problems, especially stunting in a toddler can inhibit the growth and development of the children. This study aimed to identify various obstetric medical characteristics and determine the obstetric medical determinant factors that most influence pregnant women with the incidence of stunting in Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi. Methods: This study was conducted from June until August 2019 in Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi. The total samples in this study were 88 people who were taken from mothers who had stunting toddlers aged 2-5 years old in Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi. A total sampling method was used. A cross-sectional with the retrospective approach with a regression test. Data instruments were used questionnaires, observation sheets, and checklists. Results: The result of the stunting study was found from the toddler nutrient data from January until June 2020 in West Sulawesi by using total sampling. The researchers found a sufficient influence for the complication during childbirth factor, while the weak relation of the stunting based on the ages, parity, pregnancy spacing, poor obstetric history, comorbid disease, maternal surface, neonatal surface, hemoglobin levels, and the history of Sectio Caesarea (SC). Conclusion: One of the obstetric medical factors that have a sufficient relationship for causing the stunting for children is the complication during childbirth, while other obstetric medical factors have a very weak relation to the stunting case.

Interpregnancy interval in lower versus higher human development index countries: a hypothesis about pregnancy spacing

Background A secondary analysis was conducted of two separate datasets to observe the association between maternal age and interpregnancy interval (IPI). Methods The IPI in a middle-income country (Guatemala) was compared with that of a very-high-income country (USA) among women with two pregnancies. Results A regression model found that with each increasing year of age, the IPI increases by 1.26 months (p<0.001) in Guatemala. A regression model found that IPI decreased as women aged in the USA. Conclusions It is hypothesized that as countries progress in their development indices, women may delay childbearing, which may result in reduced IPI, as was the case in the USA compared with Guatemala in these datasets.

Characteristics of Mothers Before and During Pregnancy Causing Postpartum Hemorrhage in Surabaya, Indonesia

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the direct causes of maternal mortality with the highest percentage. Postpartum hemorrhage is the bleeding that occurs due to the blood loss of 500 ml or more from the reproductive organs after labor. The objective of this present research was to understand the characteristics of mothers before and during pregnancy that induce postpartum hemorrhage in Surabaya. The research method employed was a control case design consisting of 180 postpartum mothers, being analyzed using a multinomial logistic regression. The research was conducted in Soewandi Hospital and Haji Hospital Surabaya. The research results revealed that characteristics of mothers before pregnancy causing the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage were as follows: a) Age < 20 and > 35 (66.7%), b) multi-parity (61.14%), pregnancy spacing ≤ 24 months (70.4%), d) possessing postpartum hemorrhage history (93.3%) and e) suffering from anemia (80.8%). Characteristics of mothers during pregnancy were among others : Double pregnancy (71.4%), preeclampsia (79.5%) and obesity (70.6%). It is expected that the cadres of health staffs recognize the characteristics of these mothers and are able to detect earlier any postpartum hemorrhage that occurs to pregnant women so that earlier prevention actions may be taken. Keywords: causing factor; before and during pregnant; postpartum hemorrhage

Associated factors of pregnancy spacing among women of reproductive age Group in South of Iran: cross-sectional study

Background Optimal pregnancy spacing is an important incidence in reproductive women’s health. Short or long pregnancy spacing leads to the greatest health, social and economic problems such as increase in maternal and infant mortality and morbidity, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study is to assess the mean of pregnancy spacing and associated factors of pregnancy spacing among women of reproductive age group with recurrent event analysis. Methods The fertility history of 1350 women aged 15–49 years was collected in this cross-sectional study. The women were selected through multistage random sampling method from a list of clinics in 2018. Some predictors were collected from their records and others were collected by face-to-face interview. The recurrent event survival analysis was used to explore the effect of predictors on pregnancy spacing. The R software program was used for analysis. Results There were nine predictors that had significant effect on pregnancy spacing. These predictors included the age of mother at marriage, mother’s BMI, contraception use, breast feeding duration of the previous child, the education level of husband, the sex preference of the mother, presence of abortion or stillbirth in the preceding pregnancies, income sufficiency, and mother’s awareness of optimum pregnancy interval. The most influential predictors; contraception use (HR = 2.34, 95%CI = 1.23 to 2.76, P < 0.001) and income sufficiency (HR = 2.046, 95%CI = 1.61 to 3.02, P = 0.018) lead to longer and son preference of mother (HR = 2.231, 95%CI = 1.24 to 2.81, P = 0.023) lead to shorter pregnancy spacing. Conclusion The up to date contraception tool should be at hand for couples to manage their pregnancy intervals. The unfavorable economic situation of a family leads to long pregnancy spacing. Despite the relative equality of the status of girls and boys in today’s societies, the desire to have a son child is still an important factor in shorter pregnancy spacing. The benefit of optimal pregnancy spacing should be more announced.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PEKERJAAN IBU DAN JARAK KEHAMILAN DENGAN KEJADIAN ABORTUS DI INSTALASI RAWAT INAP KEBIDANAN RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT DR. MOHAMMAD HOESIN PALEMBANG TAHUN 2011

ABSTRACT According to WHO abortion the percentage of births ranges between 750-1000 per 100,000 live births, whereas in developed countries maternal mortality ranges between 5-10 per 100,000 live births. Abortion in developing countries the majority (over 90%) do not secure, thus contributing to about 11-13% of maternal deaths in the world. In Indonesia, an estimated 2-2.5% miscarriage every year, so it can significantly reduce the birth rate to 1.7 per year. Maternal mortality in South Sumatra as much as 5% and 5 maternal deaths are caused by bleeding in the year 2010. At the on General Hospital Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang in 2011 the incidence of abortion amounted to 318 people. The purpose of this study was to determine the employment relationship with the mother and the incidence of abortion of pregnancy spacing on General Hospital Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang in 2011. This research uses descriptive analytical method by crosss sectional approach. The study population was all pregnant women who experience bleeding with gestational age less than 20 weeks as many as 482 people. The research was conducted in May-June 2012. The samples taken by simple random sampling method. Analysis of data using a statistical test Chi - Square. The results of this univariate analysis showed that 178 (81.3%) of respondents who experienced abortion, and 41 (18.7%) of respondents who had not had abortions. 133 (60.7%) of respondents with a mother who worked and 86 (39.3%) of respondents whose mothers did not work. 132 (60.3%) of respondents with a distance of pregnant women <2 years old and 87 (39.7%) of respondents with a distance of pregnant women ≥ 2 years, so the bivariate analysis showed no significant association between maternal employment with the incidence of abortion with a P value = 0.005 and there is a relationship a significant association between the incidence of abortion pregnancy spacing with P value = 0.017. Advice for health workers to seek and improve health education on the prevention and treatment of abortion. ABSTRAK Menurut WHO persentase terjadinya abortus berkisar antara 750-1000 per kelahiran 100.000 kelahiran hidup, sedangkan di Negara maju angka kematian maternal berkisar antara 5-10 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Abortus di Negara berkembang sebagian besar (lebih dari 90%) dilakukan tidak aman, sehingga berkontribusi sekitar 11- 13% terhadap kematian maternal di dunia. Di Indonesia, diperkirakan sekitar 2–2,5% mengalami keguguran setiap tahun, sehingga secara nyata dapat menurunkan angka kelahiran menjadi 1,7 pertahunnya. Kematian ibu di Sumatera Selatan sebanyak 5% dan 5 orang kematian ibu disebabkan oleh pendarahan pada tahun 2010. Di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Tahun 2011 angka kejadian abortus berjumlah 318 orang. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pekerjaan ibu dan jarak kehamilan dengan kejadian Abortus di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Tahun 2011. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan crosss sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua ibu hamil yang mengalami perdarahan dengan usia kehamilan kurang dari 20 minggu sebanyak 482 orang. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei – Juni 2012. Sampel penelitian diambil dengan metode simple random sampling. Analisa data menggunakan uji statistik Chi – Square. Hasil penelitian analisis univariat ini menunjukkan bahwa 178 (81,3%) responden yang mengalami abortus, dan 41 (18,7%) responden yang tidak mengalami abortus. 133 (60,7%) responden dengan ibu yang bekerja dan 86 (39,3%) responden dengan ibu tidak bekerja. 132 (60,3%) responden dengan ibu yang jarak kehamilannya < 2 tahun dan 87 (39,7%) responden dengan ibu yang jarak kehamilannya ≥ 2 tahun, sehingga analisa bivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pekerjaan ibu dengan kejadian abortus dengan P value = 0,005 dan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara jarak kehamilan dengan kejadian abortus dengan P value = 0,017. Saran bagi tenaga kesehatan untuk mengupayakan dan meningkatkan penyuluhan kesehatan tentang pencegahan dan penanganan abortus.

Age, parity and birth spacing to the incidence of preeclampsia

Preeklampsia is complication in pregnancy characterized by various symptoms as clinical hypertension and protein urine and usually occurs after the age of 20 weeks of pregnancy until 48 hours after labor. Highest Insidence of preeclampsia in DIY was in Sleman (22%- 30%). Preeclampsia was caused by multy factoral. Goal of this research aimed to know the the correlation between age, parity and birth spacing to the preeclampsia. The research used Cross sectional design with purposive sampling technique. The subject of this research was 381 labor patiens in RSUD Sleman in 2016. The data were collected from register book and medic record of labor in 2016. <em>The data were analyzed using Chi square</em>and logistic regression. The analysis showed of most subjects aged ≥30 years, had parity 2, had a gestational distance of 2-5, and did not have preeclampsia.As the result showed age ≥30 years had a significant association with preeclampsia <em>p value</em> of 0.023 Exp B 10.630 95% CI: 1.378 to 82.005. Distance pregnancy &lt;2 years had a significant association with preeclampsia <em>p value </em>0,000 <em> Exp</em> B 3,201 95% CI: 1.862 to 5.503, and the distance Pregnancy &gt;5 years had a <em>p-value</em> 0.013 with Exp B 3,622 95% CI: 1.308 to 10.026.The conclusion of this research shows that there is a relationship between age and the incidence of preeclampsia pregnancy spacing.