Mother's Age and Hatching Phenology Strategy ofHeterocypris incongruens(Crustacea: Ostracoda) in Unpredictable Environment

This sketch of an account of human nature begins with the claim that we should see humans as a kind of process, a life cycle, rather than as a kind of substance or thing. A particular advantage of such a process perspective is that it readily accommodates the developmental plasticity that has been an increasingly important concept in recent biological theory. Human behaviour, on this account, should be understood as providing adaptive and flexible responses to an unpredictable environment. It is, therefore, generally misguided to provide a standard account of human nature in terms of behaviour or behavioural dispositions. If there is such a thing as human nature, it is a uniquely refined propensity for novel and unpredictable behaviour.

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Methylation status of nc886 epiallele reflects periconceptional conditions and is associated with glucose metabolism through nc886 RNAs

Clinical Epigenetics ◽

10.1186/s13148-021-01132-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Saara Marttila ◽

Leena E. Viiri ◽

Pashupati P. Mishra ◽

Brigitte Kühnel ◽

Pamela R. Matias-Garcia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Methylation Status ◽

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽

Methylation Pattern ◽

Rna Expression ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

Mother’S Age ◽

Induced Pluripotent ◽

Metastable Epiallele

Abstract Background Non-coding RNA 886 (nc886) is coded from a maternally inherited metastable epiallele. We set out to investigate the determinants and dynamics of the methylation pattern at the nc886 epiallele and how this methylation status associates with nc886 RNA expression. Furthermore, we investigated the associations between the nc886 methylation status or the levels of nc886 RNAs and metabolic traits in the YFS and KORA cohorts. The association between nc886 epiallele methylation and RNA expression was also validated in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines. Results We confirm that the methylation status of the nc886 epiallele is mostly binomial, with individuals displaying either a non- or hemi-methylated status, but we also describe intermediately and close to fully methylated individuals. We show that an individual’s methylation status is associated with the mother’s age and socioeconomic status, but not with the individual’s own genetics. Once established, the methylation status of the nc886 epiallele remains stable for at least 25 years. This methylation status is strongly associated with the levels of nc886 non-coding RNAs in serum, blood, and iPSC lines. In addition, nc886 methylation status associates with glucose and insulin levels during adolescence but not with the indicators of glucose metabolism or the incidence of type 2 diabetes in adulthood. However, the nc886-3p RNA levels also associate with glucose metabolism in adulthood. Conclusions These results indicate that nc886 metastable epiallele methylation is tuned by the periconceptional conditions and it associates with glucose metabolism through the expression of the ncRNAs coded in the epiallele region.

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The effects of mother’s education on achieving exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-10018-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Agung Dwi Laksono ◽

Ratna Dwi Wulandari ◽

Mursyidul Ibad ◽

Ina Kusrini

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Junior High School ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Employment Status ◽

Tertiary Education ◽

Education Level ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Mother’S Education ◽

Mother’S Age ◽

Mother's Education

Abstract Background Even though the Indonesian government have set regulations for maintaining exclusive breastfeeding practices, the coverage remains low. The study aims to analyze the effects of mother’s education level on the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia. Methods This study used data from the 2017 Nutrition Status Monitoring Survey. It covered data of 53,528 children under 5 years old (7–59 months) as the samples. Variables included exclusive breastfeeding status, mother’s education level, mother’s age, marital status, employment status, gender, residence, under five’s age and gender. A binary logistics regression was performed in the final test. Results Mothers who graduated from elementary school were 1.167 times more likely to perform exclusive breastfeeding compared to mothers who never attended schools. Additionally, those who graduated from junior high school had 1.203 times possibilities to give exclusive breastfeeding compared to mothers without educational records. While, mothers who graduated from high school were 1.177 times more likely to perform exclusive breastfeeding compared to those without educational records. Mothers who graduated from tertiary education had 1.203 times more possibilities to perform exclusive breastfeeding compared to mothers who were never enrolled to schools. Other variables also became affecting predictors on exclusive breastfeeding, such as mother’s age, mother’s employment status, child’s age, and residence. Conclusions The mother’s education level positively affects exclusive breastfeeding practice in Indonesia.

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