Acute and prolonged effect of static stretching on the passive stiffness of the human gastrocnemius muscle tendon unit in vivo

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1759-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Nakamura ◽  
Tome Ikezoe ◽  
Yohei Takeno ◽  
Noriaki Ichihashi
Keyword(s):  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Passive Stiffness ◽  
Prolonged Effect

scholarly journals Acute Effects of Stretching on Passive Properties of Human Gastrocnemius Muscle–Tendon Unit: Analysis of Differences Between Hold-Relax and Static Stretching

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Nakamura ◽  
Tome Ikezoe ◽  
Takahiro Tokugawa ◽  
Noriaki Ichihashi
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Passive Torque ◽  
History Of

Context:Hold–relax stretching (HRS) and static stretching (SS) are commonly used to increase joint range of motion (ROM) and decrease muscle stiffness. However, whether there are differences between acute effects of HRS and SS on end ROM, passive torque, and muscle stiffness is unclear. In addition, any differences between the mechanisms by which HRS and SS lead to an increase in end ROM are unclear.Objective:To compare the acute effects of HRS and SS on the passive properties of the gastrocnemius muscle–tendon unit (MTU), end ROM, passive torque, and muscle stiffness in vivo and to investigate the factors involved in increasing end ROM.Design:Crossover experimental design.Participants:30 healthy men (21.7 ± 1.2 y) with no history of neuromuscular disease or musculoskeletal injury involving the lower limbs.Intervention:Both HRS and SS of 30 s were repeated 4 times, lasting a total of 2 min.Main Outcome Measures:End ROM, passive torque, and muscle stiffness were measured during passive ankle dorsiflexion using a dynamometer and ultrasonography before and immediately after HRS and SS.Results:The results showed that end ROM and passive torque at end ROM significantly increased immediately after both HRS and SS, whereas muscle stiffness significantly decreased. In addition, the percentage change in passive torque at end ROM on use of the HRS technique was significantly higher than that after use of the SS technique. However, the percentage change in muscle stiffness after SS was significantly higher than that with HRS.Conclusion:These results suggest that both HRS and SS can effectively decrease muscle stiffness of the gastrocnemius MTU and that HRS induces a change in the passive torque at end ROM—ie, sensory perception—rather than changing muscle stiffness.

scholarly journals Effects of a 4-week static stretch training program on passive stiffness of human gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit in vivo

2011 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 2749-2755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Nakamura ◽  
Tome Ikezoe ◽  
Yohei Takeno ◽  
Noriaki Ichihashi
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Passive Stiffness ◽  
Static Stretch

Influence of stress relaxation and load during static stretching on the range of motion and muscle–tendon passive stiffness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taizan Fukaya ◽  
Masatoshi Nakamura ◽  
Shigeru Sato ◽  
Ryosuke Kiyono ◽  
Kaoru Yahata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Passive Stiffness

Control of glycolysis in vertebrate skeletal muscle during exercise

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (4) ◽  
pp. R821-R829 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Krause ◽  
G. Wegener
Keyword(s):  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Rana Temporaria ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Repeated Exercise ◽  
Frog Rana Temporaria ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate ◽  
Assay Conditions

The gastrocnemius muscle of the frog (Rana temporaria) has a high capacity for anaerobic glycolysis from glycogen. Glycolytic metabolites and effectors of phosphofructokinase, particularly the hexose bisphosphates, were followed in muscle during exercise (swimming between 5 s and 5 min), recovery (rest for up to 2 h after 5 min of swimming), and repeated exercise (swimming for up to 60 s after 2 h of recovery). Glycogen phosphorylase and phosphofructokinase were swiftly activated with exercise. The hexose bisphosphates followed markedly different time courses. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate was transiently increased in both exercise and repeated exercise. This appears to be an effect rather than a cause of phosphofructokinase activation. Glucose 1,6-biphosphate was accumulated only while phosphofructokinase was active and was unchanged at other times. Fructose 2,6-biphosphate showed a 10-fold transient increase on exercise in rested frogs, almost disappeared from the muscle during recovery, and did not change during repeated exercise. Fructose 2,6-biphosphate is a potent activator of phosphofructokinase in vitro under near physiological assay conditions, and it may serve this function also in vivo during exercise. Glucose 1,6-biphosphate could be an activator of phosphofructokinase in repeated exercise when fructose 2,6-biphosphate is not available.

scholarly journals Effect of Simultaneously Conducting Static Stretching and Therapeutic Ultrasound on the Gastrocnemius Muscle

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-510
Author(s):  
Atsushi HIRAGA ◽  
Mineko TAKAGI ◽  
Kengo TAKASHIMA ◽  
Takamasa TSURUMI
Keyword(s):  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Therapeutic Ultrasound ◽  
Static Stretching

scholarly journals Evaluation of Extension of Blood Vessels during Static Stretching Using Ultrasound 2D Speckle Tracking Imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hiromi Shinno ◽  
Satoshi Kurose ◽  
Yutaka Yamanaka ◽  
Yaeko Fukushima ◽  
Hiromi Tsutsumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Ulnar Artery ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Speckle Tracking Imaging ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Maximum Angle ◽  
2D Speckle Tracking

BACKGROUND: During static stretching, a muscle extends longitudinally, and blood vessels seem to extend simultaneously. However, it is difficult to visualize, and few findings have seen. The recent progress with ultrasonography enables measurements of movement in vivo using 2D speckle tracking imaging, as well as detailed evaluation of extension in tissues at the same site. The aim of this study is to evaluate longitudinal extension of blood vessels during static stretching using this methodology.METHODS: Participants were 10 healthy female volunteers (age of 39.4±11.6). They extended their right wrist with elbow extended. Then the ulnar artery was measured by using 2D speckle tracking imaging with a general-purpose ultrasound instrument. Tissue extension per unit time at the stretching site was calculated from before stretching to maximum of stretching. Simultaneous changes in the caliber of blood vessels during stretching were measured using ultrasound M-mode.RESULTS: The maximum angle of wrist extension was 0 to 83.6±12.5°. The muscle extended by 3.80±1.65% per unit time during stretching, and blood vessels simultaneously extended by 3.20±1.96%. These changes were significant compared to measurements before stretching (p<0.01) and shows the correlation between muscles and blood vessels (r=0.56, p=0.1). The calibers of blood vessels per unit time before and during stretching were 2.24±0.27 and 1.64±0.53 mm with a significant decrease during stretching (p<0.01).CONCLUSIONS: Imaging of static stretching showed extension of both the muscle/skeletal system and blood vessels longitudinally. The finding suggests that endothelial function might be activated by mechanical stress on vascular endothelial cells.

Effect of Rest Duration Between Static Stretching on Passive Stiffness of Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle In Vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-582
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Nakamura ◽  
Shigeru Sato ◽  
Ryosuke Kiyono ◽  
Nobushige Takahashi ◽  
Tomoichi Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Shear Elastic Modulus ◽  
Before And After

Context: In clinical and sports settings, static stretching (SS) is usually performed to increase range of motion (ROM) and decrease passive muscle stiffness. Recently, the shear elastic modulus was measured by ultrasonic shear wave elastography as an index of muscle stiffness. Previous studies reported that the shear elastic modulus measured by ultrasound shear wave elastography decreased after SS, and the effects of SS on shear elastic modulus were likely affected by rest duration between sets of SS. Objective: To investigate the acute effects of SS with different rest durations on ROM and shear elastic modulus of gastrocnemius and to clarify whether the rest duration between sets of SS decreases the shear elastic modulus. Design: A randomized, repeated-measures experimental design. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: Sixteen healthy males volunteered to participate in the study (age 21.3 [0.8] y; height 171.8 [5.1] cm; weight 63.1 [4.5] kg). Main Outcome Measures: Each participant underwent 3 different rest interval durations during SS (ie, long rest duration: 90 s; normal rest duration: 30 s; and short rest duration: 10 s). This SS technique was repeated 10 times, thus lasting a total of 300 seconds with different rest durations in each protocol. The dorsiflexion ROM and shear elastic modulus were measured before and after SS. Results: Our results revealed that dorsiflexion ROM and shear elastic modulus were changed after 300-second SS; however, no effects of the rest duration between sets of SS were observed. Conclusions: In terms of decreasing the shear elastic modulus, clinicians and coaches should not focus on the rest duration when SS intervention is performed.

scholarly journals Paraffin therapy induces a decrease in the passive stiffness of gastrocnemius muscle belly and Achilles tendon

Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. e19519
Author(s):  
Ya Peng Li ◽  
Ya Nan Feng ◽  
Chun Long Liu ◽  
Zhi Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Passive Stiffness ◽  
Muscle Belly

Can in Vivo Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle–Tendon Unit Lengths be Reliably Estimated by Two Ultrasonography Methods? A Within-Session Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Cenni ◽  
Simon-Henri Schless ◽  
Lynn Bar-On ◽  
Guy Molenaers ◽  
Anja Van Campenhout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Session Analysis ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle
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