Unraveling the target genes of RIN transcription factor during tomato fruit ripening and softening

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 991-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Li ◽  
Xiaoguang Wang ◽  
Xinhua Zhang ◽  
Mei Guo ◽  
Tieling Liu
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Tomato Fruit Ripening

scholarly journals Corrigendum to: Re-evaluation of the nor mutation and the role of the NAC-NOR transcription factor in tomato fruit ripening

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 3759-3759
Author(s):  
Ying Gao ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Zhongqi Fan ◽  
Xiaodan Zhao ◽  
Yiping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Tomato Fruit Ripening

The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor bHLH95 affects fruit ripening and multiple metabolisms in tomato

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (20) ◽  
pp. 6311-6327
Author(s):  
Lincheng Zhang ◽  
Jing Kang ◽  
Qiaoli Xie ◽  
Jun Gong ◽  
Hui Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factor ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Tomato Fruit Ripening

Abstract Ethylene signaling pathways regulate several physiological alterations that occur during tomato fruit ripening, such as changes in colour and flavour. The mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of genes in these pathways remain unclear, although the role of the MADS-box transcription factor RIN has been widely reported. Here, we describe a bHLH transcription factor, SlbHLH95, whose transcripts accumulated abundantly in breaker+4 and breaker+7 fruits compared with rin (ripening inhibitor) and Nr (never ripe) mutants. Moreover, the promoter activity of SlbHLH95 was regulated by RIN in vivo. Suppression of SlbHLH95 resulted in reduced sensitivity to ethylene, decreased accumulation of total carotenoids, and lowered glutathione content, and inhibited the expression of fruit ripening- and glutathione metabolism-related genes. Conversely, up-regulation of SlbHLH95 in wild-type tomato resulted in higher sensitivity to ethylene, increased accumulation of total carotenoids, slightly premature ripening, and elevated accumulation of glutathione, soluble sugar, and starch. Notably, overexpression of SlbHLH95 in rin led to the up-regulated expression of fruit ripening-related genes (FUL1, FUL2, SAUR69, ERF4, and CNR) and multiple glutathione metabolism-related genes (GSH1, GSH2, GSTF1, and GSTF5). These results clarified that SlbHLH95 participates in the regulation of fruit ripening and affects ethylene sensitivity and multiple metabolisms targeted by RIN in tomato.

A naturally occurring epigenetic mutation in a gene encoding an SBP-box transcription factor inhibits tomato fruit ripening

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 948-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Manning ◽  
Mahmut Tör ◽  
Mervin Poole ◽  
Yiguo Hong ◽  
Andrew J Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Tomato Fruit Ripening

scholarly journals Molecular and functional characterization of the SBP-box transcription factor SPL-CNR in tomato fruit ripening and cell death

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2995-3011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongfei Lai ◽  
Xiaohong Wang ◽  
Bishun Ye ◽  
Mingfei Jin ◽  
Weiwei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Nuclear Localization ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Multifunctional Protein ◽  
Tomato Fruit Ripening ◽  
Tf Gene

Abstract SlSPL-CNR, an SBP-box transcription factor (TF) gene residing at the epimutant Colourless non-ripening (Cnr) locus, is involved in tomato ripening. This epimutant provides a unique model to investigate the (epi)genetic basis of fruit ripening. Here we report that SlSPL-CNR is a nucleus-localized protein with a distinct monopartite nuclear localization signal (NLS). It consists of four consecutive residues ‘ 30KRKR33’ at the N-terminus of the protein. Mutation of the NLS abolishes SlSPL-CNR’s ability to localize in the nucleus. SlSPL-CNR comprises two zinc-finger motifs (ZFMs) within the C-terminal SBP-box domain. Both ZFMs contribute to zinc-binding activity. SlSPL-CNR can induce cell death in tomato and tobacco, dependent on its nuclear localization. However, the two ZFMs have differential impacts on SlSPL-CNR’s induction of severe necrosis or mild necrotic ringspot. NLS and ZFM mutants cannot complement Cnr fruits to ripen. SlSPL-CNR interacts with SlSnRK1. Virus-induced SlSnRK1 silencing leads to reduction in expression of ripening-related genes and inhibits ripening in tomato. We conclude that SlSPL-CNR is a multifunctional protein that consists of a distinct monopartite NLS, binds to zinc, and interacts with SlSnRK1 to affect cell death and tomato fruit ripening.

scholarly journals Semi-dominant effects of a novel ripening inhibitor (rin) locus allele on tomato fruit ripening

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249575
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Ito ◽  
Nobutaka Nakamura ◽  
Eiichi Kotake-Nara
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Tomato Fruit Ripening ◽  
Ripening Inhibitor ◽  
Β Carotene

The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) ripening inhibitor (rin) mutation completely represses fruit ripening, as rin fruits fail to express ripening-associated genes and remain green and firm. Moreover, heterozygous rin fruits (rin/+) ripen normally but have extended shelf life, an important consideration for this perishable fruit crop; therefore, heterozygous rin has been widely used to breed varieties that produce red tomatoes with improved shelf life. We previously used CRISPR/Cas9 to produce novel alleles at the rin locus. The wild-type allele RIN encodes a MADS-box transcription factor and the novel allele, named as rinG2, generates an early stop codon, resulting in C-terminal truncation of the transcription factor. Like rin fruits, rinG2 fruits exhibit extended shelf life, but unlike rin fruits, which remain yellow-green even after long-term storage, rinG2 fruits turn orange due to ripening-associated carotenoid production. Here, to explore the potential of the rinG2 mutation for breeding, we characterized the effects of rinG2 in the heterozygous state (rinG2/+) compared to the effects of rin/+. The softening of rinG2/+ fruits was delayed compared to the wild type but to a lesser degree than rin/+ fruits. Lycopene and β-carotene levels in rinG2/+ fruits were similar to those of the wild type, whereas rin/+ fruits accumulated half the amount of β-carotene compared to the wild type. The rinG2/+ fruits produced lower levels of ethylene than wild-type and rin/+ fruits. Expression analysis revealed that in rinG2/+ fruits, the rinG2 mutation (like rin) partially inhibited the expression of ripening-associated genes. The small differences in the inhibitory effects of rinG2 vs. rin coincided with small differences in phenotypes, such as ethylene production, softening, and carotenoid accumulation. Therefore, rinG2 represents a promising genetic resource for developing tomato cultivars with extended shelf life.

scholarly journals Characterization of RIN Isoforms and Their Expression in Tomato Fruit Ripening

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1739
Author(s):  
Maria A. Slugina ◽  
Gleb I. Efremov ◽  
Anna V. Shchennikova ◽  
Elena Z. Kochieva
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Fleshy Fruit ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
Tomato Fruit Ripening ◽  
Splicing Site

Ripening of tomato fleshy fruit is coordinated by transcription factor RIN, which triggers ethylene and carotenoid biosynthesis, sugar accumulation, and cell wall modifications. In this study, we identified and characterized complete sequences of the RIN chromosomal locus in two tomato Solanum lycopersicum cultivars, its rin/RIN genotype, and three wild green-fruited species differing in fruit color and composition. The results reveal that S. lycopersicum cultivars and some wild species (S. pennellii, S. habrochaites, and S. huaylasense) had a 3′-splicing site enabling the transcription of RIN1i and RIN2i isoforms. The other wild species (S. arcanum, S. chmielewskii, S. neorickii, and S. peruvianum) had a 3′-splicing site only for RIN2i, which was consistent with RIN1i and RIN2i expression patterns. The genotype rin/RIN, which had an extended 3′-terminal deletion in the rin allele, mainly expressed the chimeric RIN–MC transcript, which was also found in cultivars (RIN/RIN). The RIN1, but not RIN2, protein is able to induce the transcription of the reporter gene in the Y2H system, which positively correlated with the transcription profile of RIN1i and RIN target genes. We suggest that during fruit ripening, RIN1 activates ripening-related genes, whereas RIN2 and RIN–MC act as modulators by competing for RIN-binding sites in gene promoters, which should be confirmed by further studies on the association between RIN-splicing mechanisms and tomato fruit ripening.

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