Targeting AMPK Signaling by Dietary Polyphenols in Cancer Prevention

Polyphenols are potent micronutrients that can be found in large quantities in various food sources and spices. These compounds, also known as phenolics due to their phenolic structure, play a vital nutrient-based role in the prevention of various diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, liver disease, and cancers. However, the function of polyphenols in disease prevention and therapy depends on their dietary consumption and biological properties. According to American Cancer Society statistics, there will be an expected rise of 23.6 million new cancer cases by 2030. Due to the severity of the increased risk, it is important to evaluate various preventive measures associated with cancer. Relatively recently, numerous studies have indicated that various dietary polyphenols and phytochemicals possess properties of modifying epigenetic mechanisms that modulate gene expression resulting in regulation of cancer. These polyphenols and phytochemicals, when administrated in a dose-dependent and combinatorial-based manner, can have an enhanced effect on epigenetic changes, which play a crucial role in cancer prevention and therapy. Hence, this review will focus on the mechanisms of combined polyphenols and phytochemicals that can impact various epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modifications as well as regulation of non-coding miRNAs expression for treatment and prevention of various types of cancer.

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When Polyphenols Meet Sphingolipids: Cancer Prevention and Therapy

10.20944/preprints201805.0462.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Michele Dei Cas ◽

Riccardo Ghidoni

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Cancer Prevention ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Food Products ◽

Pharmacological Properties ◽

Plant Foods ◽

Dietary Polyphenols ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Prevention And Therapy

The latest scientific literature outlines a resilient interconnection between cancer modulation and dietary polyphenols by sphingolipid-mediated mechanisms, usually correlated with a modification of their metabolism. We aim to extensively survey this relation to show how it could be advantageous in cancer treatment or prevention by nutrients. Polyphenols, chemically characterized by polyhydroxylated phenolic structure, are well known for their pervasive pharmacological properties: anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, antiseptic, antitumor, antiallergic, cardioprotective and others. Pervasive is also their distribution in food products especially in plant foods as vegetables, cereals, legumes, fruits, nuts and beverages as wine, cider, beer, tea, cocoa. Recently, sphingolipids have been correlated with cancer by a dysregulation of their rheostat emerging as mediator of cell proliferation in cancer and modulator of chemotherapeutics.

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Another look at dietary polyphenols: challenges in cancer prevention and treatment

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867328666210810154732 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

Author(s):

Roberto Arrigoni ◽

Andrea Ballini ◽

Luigi Santacroce ◽

Stefania Cantore ◽

Angelo Inchingolo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Cancer Prevention ◽

Fruit And Vegetables ◽

Dietary Polyphenols ◽

Metabolic Interaction ◽

The World ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Prevention And Therapy

: Cancer is a pathology that impacts in a profound manner people all over the world. The election strategy against cancer often uses chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which more often than not can present many side effects and not always reliable efficacy. By contrast, it is widely known that a diet rich in fruit and vegetables has a protective effect against cancer insurgence and development. Polyphenols are generally believed to be responsible for those beneficial actions, at least partially. In this review, we highlight the metabolic interaction between polyphenols and our metabolism and discuss their potential for anticancer prevention and therapy.

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Nanoencapsulated dietary polyphenols for cancer prevention and treatment: successes and challenges

Nanomedicine ◽

10.2217/nnm-2019-0398 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 1147-1162 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shams Tabrez ◽

Nasimudeen R Jabir ◽

Vaqar Mustafa Adhami ◽

Mohammad Imran Khan ◽

Mohammed Moulay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Prevention ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽

Systemic Delivery ◽

Dietary Polyphenols ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

In Vivo Animal Models ◽

Successes And Challenges

Many dietary polyphenols have been investigated for their therapeutic potential either as single agents or in combinations. Despite the significant anticancer potential of these polyphenols in in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal models, their clinical applications have been limited because of challenges such as ineffective systemic delivery, stability and low bioavailability. Nanoencapsulation of these polyphenols could prolong circulation, improve localization, enhance efficacy and reduce the chances of multidrug resistance. This review summarized the use of various polyphenols especially epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, curcumin and resveratrol as nanoformulations for cancer prevention and treatment. Despite some success, more research is warranted to design a nanoencapsulated combination of polyphenols, effective in in vitro, in vivo and human systems.

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Dietary Polyphenols and Sulforaphane: Impact on Hallmarks of Colon Cancer (P06-045-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz031.p06-045-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Michelle Darkwa ◽

Christopher Burkhardt ◽

Petra Tsuji

Keyword(s):

Colon Cancer ◽

Cancer Prevention ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Undergraduate Research ◽

Cyclin B1 ◽

Dietary Polyphenols ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

And Mathematics ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objectives The isothiocyanate sulforaphane and the polyphenols chrysin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and resveratrol are dietary micronutrients that are thought to exhibit potential in cancer prevention. These compounds are commonly found in the human diet, and previous research suggests that they may play a role in cellular processes that are often labeled as the ‘hallmarks of cancer’. Our goal is to investigate the impact of these dietary nutrients on the expression of genes associated with apoptosis, metastasis, and invasion, and thus their potential role in regulating the expression of genes involved in colon cancer. Methods Colorectal cancer cells were incubated for up to 48 h. RNA was extracted with Trizol/Chloroform, and reverse-transcribed to cDNA. mRNA expression was quantitated using qPCR, normalized to Gapdh, and analyzed using GraphPad Prism. Total protein was extracted using lysis buffer for subsequent Western blotting and catalytic activity assays. Results Our preliminary results suggest that especially the isothiocyanate sulforaphane increases mRNA expression of apoptosis-regulatory genes, such as Cyclooxygenase 2 (p < 0.05) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (p < 0.05), whereas cell proliferation genes, such as cyclin B1 and KRAS remained largely unaffected. Furthermore, matrix metalloprotease 9 expression was significantly inhibited by sulforaphane, but not by the polyphenols investigated. Conclusions Among the dietary micronutrients investigated thus far, sulforaphane significantly altered mRNA expression of genes associated with the hallmarks on cancer. Further investigations involving both shorter and longer-term incubation times, as well as effects on protein expression and activity will help elucidate the effects of sulforaphane and other micronutrients potentially important in colon cancer. Our results may help to understand how commonly eaten dietary compounds may contribute to cancer prevention strategies. Funding Sources Financial support was provided by Towson University's Fisher College of Science and Mathematics (P. Tsuji) and an FCSM undergraduate research grant to M. Darkwa.

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Flaxseed Lignans as Important Dietary Polyphenols for Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Targets

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph12020068 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 68 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

S. Franklyn De Silva ◽

Jane Alcorn

Keyword(s):

Cancer Prevention ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Molecular Targets ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Food Sources ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

Biological Targets ◽

Dietary Polyphenols ◽

Flaxseed Lignans ◽

Prevention And Treatment

Cancer causes considerable morbidity and mortality across the world. Socioeconomic, environmental, and lifestyle factors contribute to the increasing cancer prevalence, bespeaking a need for effective prevention and treatment strategies. Phytochemicals like plant polyphenols are generally considered to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory effects, which explain their promotion for human health. The past several decades have contributed to a growing evidence base in the literature that demonstrate ability of polyphenols to modulate multiple targets of carcinogenesis linking models of cancer characteristics (i.e., hallmarks and nutraceutical-based targeting of cancer) via direct or indirect interaction or modulation of cellular and molecular targets. This evidence is particularly relevant for the lignans, an ubiquitous, important class of dietary polyphenols present in high levels in food sources such as flaxseed. Literature evidence on lignans suggests potential benefit in cancer prevention and treatment. This review summarizes the relevant chemical and pharmacokinetic properties of dietary polyphenols and specifically focuses on the biological targets of flaxseed lignans. The consolidation of the considerable body of data on the diverse targets of the lignans will aid continued research into their potential for use in combination with other cancer chemotherapies, utilizing flaxseed lignan-enriched natural products.

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