HPLC analysis of fusaric acid, 9,10-dehydrofusaric acid and their methyl esters, toxic metabolites from weed pathogenic Fusarium species

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmine Amalfitano ◽  
Raffaele Pengue ◽  
Anna Andolfi ◽  
Maurizio Vurro ◽  
Maria C. Zonno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Toxic Metabolites

scholarly journals Species Composition and Toxigenic Potential of Fusarium Isolates Causing Fruit Rot of Sweet Pepper in China

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
Shuangxia Wang ◽  
Zhiyong Zhao ◽  
Shanhai Lin ◽  
François Van Hove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Spectrometry Method ◽  
Mycotoxin Production ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
Pepper Fruit

Apart from causing serious yield losses, various kinds of mycotoxins may be accumulated in plant tissues infected by Fusarium strains. Fusarium mycotoxin contamination is one of the most important concerns in the food safety field nowadays. However, limited information on the causal agents, etiology, and mycotoxin production of this disease is available on pepper in China. This research was conducted to identify the Fusarium species causing pepper fruit rot and analyze their toxigenic potential in China. Forty-two Fusarium strains obtained from diseased pepper from six provinces were identified as F. equiseti (27 strains), F. solani (10 strains), F. fujikuroi (five strains). This is the first report of F. equiseti, F. solani and F. fujikuroi associated with pepper fruit rot in China, which revealed that the population structure of Fusarium species in this study was quite different from those surveyed in other countries, such as Canada and Belgium. The mycotoxin production capabilities were assessed using a well-established liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method. Out of the thirty-six target mycotoxins, fumonisins B1 and B2, fusaric acid, beauvericin, moniliformin, and nivalenol were detected in pepper tissues. Furthermore, some mycotoxins were found in non-colonized parts of sweet pepper fruit, implying migration from colonized to non-colonized parts of pepper tissues, which implied the risk of mycotoxin contamination in non-infected parts of food products.

What about the 'other' Fusarium mycotoxins?

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jestoi ◽  
M. Kokkonen ◽  
S. Uhlig
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Natural Toxins ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Very High

Most Fusarium species are capable of producing mycotoxins that may cause adverse effects on human or animal health. The most commonly studied Fusarium mycotoxins include trichothecenes, zearalenone and fumonisins. However, it seems that nearly all of the most prevalent Fusarium species infecting grains are also capable of producing other toxic metabolites. The existing studies, although exiguous, have clearly demonstrated that other toxic metabolites of Fusarium spp. are also present in our foods and feeds, occasionally at very high levels. It is apparent that since mycotoxins, including these 'other' metabolites, are natural toxins, they cannot be completely eliminated from food and feed chains. However, scientific studies are needed to determine their true significance. Thus, the mechanism and level of toxicity as well as presence and concentration levels will have to be fully clarified. In this paper, we briefly review the prevalence of the dominant Fusarium species contaminating maize and small-grain cereals worldwide, and the current knowledge on the biological activity as well as the natural occurrence of their selected less-known toxic metabolites. Additionally, the significance of these 'other' Fusarium mycotoxins is discussed.

scholarly journals A survey of bacterial, fungal and plant metabolites against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), the vector of yellow and dengue fevers and Zika virus

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Masi ◽  
Alessio Cimmino ◽  
Nurhayat Tabanca ◽  
James J. Becnel ◽  
Jeffrey R. Bloomquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids ◽  
Adulticidal Activity ◽  
Nitropropionic Acid ◽  
Mosquitocidal Activity ◽  
Cytochalasin A

AbstractAedes aegypti L. is the major vector of the arboviruses responsible for dengue fever, one of the most devastating human diseases. Some bacterial, fungal and plant metabolites belonging to different chemical subgroups, including Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, anthracenes, azoxymethoxytetrahydropyrans, cytochalasans, 2,5-diketopiperazines, isochromanones, naphthoquinones, organic small acids and their methyl esters, sterols and terpenes including sesquiterpenes and diterpenes, were tested for their larvicidal and adulticidal activity against Ae. aegypti. Out of 23 compounds tested, gliotoxin exhibited mosquitocidal activity in both bioassays with an LC50 value of 0.0257 ± 0.001 µg/µL against 1st instar Ae. aegypti and LD50 value of 2.79 ± 0.1197 µg/mosquito against adult female Ae. aegypti. 2-Methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and cytochalasin A showed LC50 values of 0.0851 ± 0.0012 µg/µL and 0.0854 ± 0.0019 µg/µL, respectively, against Ae. aegypti larvae. In adult bioassays, fusaric acid (LD50= 0.8349 ± 0.0118 µg/mosquito), 3-nitropropionic acid (LD50 = 1.6641 ± 0.0494 µg/mosquito) and α-costic acid (LD50 = 2.547 ± 0.0835 µg/mosquito) exhibited adulticidal activity. Results from the current study confirm that compounds belonging to cytochalsin, diketopiperazine, naphthoquinone and low molecular weight organic acid groups are active and may stimulate further SAR investigations.

scholarly journals The Shifting Mycotoxin Profiles of Endophytic Fusarium Strains: A Case Study

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gelsomina Manganiello ◽  
Roberta Marra ◽  
Alessia Staropoli ◽  
Nadia Lombardi ◽  
Francesco Vinale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Axenic Cultures

Fusarium species are known to establish manifold interactions with wild and crop plants ranging from pathogenicity to endophytism. One of the key factors involved in the regulation of such relationships is represented by the production of secondary metabolites. These include several mycotoxins, which can accumulate in foodstuffs causing severe health problems to humans and animals. In the present study, an endophytic isolate (A1021B), preliminarily ascribed to the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC), was subjected to biochemical and molecular characterization. The metabolomic analysis of axenic cultures of A1021B detected up to 206 compounds, whose production was significantly affected by the medium composition. Among the most representative products, fusaric acid (FA), its derivatives fusarinol and 9,10-dehydro-FA, culmorin and bikaverin were detected. These results were in contrast with previous assessments reporting FIESC members as trichothecene rather than FA producers. However, molecular analysis provided a conclusive indication that A1021B actually belongs to the species Fusarium babinda. These findings highlight the importance of phylogenetic analyses of Fusarium species to avoid misleading identifications, and the opportunity to extend databases with the outcome of metabolomic investigations of strains from natural contexts. The possible contribution of endophytic strains in the differentiation of lineages with an uneven mycotoxin assortment is discussed in view of its ensuing impact on crop productions.

scholarly journals The role of wastewater treatment in reducing pollution of surface waters with zearalenone / Uloga pročišćavanja otpadnih voda u smanjenju onečišćenja površinskih voda zearalenonom

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Gromadzka ◽  
Agnieszka Waśkiewicz ◽  
Joanna Świetlik ◽  
Jan Bocianowski ◽  
Piotr Goliński
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin produced by some Fusarium species in food and feed. The toxicity of ZEA and its metabolites is related to the chemical structure of the mycotoxin, which is similar to naturally occurring oestrogens. Currently, there is increasing awareness of the presence of fungi and their toxic metabolites in the aquatic environment. One of the sources of these compounds are the effluents from wastewater treatment plants. The average annual efficiency of zearalenone reduction in the Łęczyca plant in our three-year study was in the range from 51.35 to 69.70 %. The threeway analysis of variance (year, month, and kind of wastewater) shows that the main effects of all factors and all interactions between them were significant for zearalenone and dissolved organic carbon content. Our findings suggest that wastewater is not the main source of surface water pollution with zearalenone. Future research should investigate the means to reduce ZEA and its migration from the fields through prevention strategies such as breeding for crops, plant debris management (crop rotation, tillage), and/or chemical and biological control.

scholarly journals Production of fusaric acid by Fusarium species.

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 4039-4043 ◽  
Author(s):  
C W Bacon ◽  
J K Porter ◽  
W P Norred ◽  
J F Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusaric Acid

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of volatile compounds generated by endophytic fungi Sarocladium brachiariae HND5 against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260747
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Yipeng Chen ◽  
Jimiao Cai ◽  
Xianbao Liu ◽  
Guixiu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Chitin Synthases ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

The soil-born filamentous fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC), which causes vascular wilt disease in banana plants, is one of the most economically important Fusarium species. Biocontrol using endophytic microorganisms is among the most effective methods for controlling banana Fusarium wilt. In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) showed strong antifungal activity against FOC. Seventeen compounds were identified from the VOCs produced by endophytic fungi Sarocladium brachiariae HND5, and three (2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 3,4-dimethoxystyrol and caryophyllene) showed antifungal activity against FOC with 50% effective concentrations of 36, 60 and 2900 μL/L headspace, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and double fluorescence staining revealed that 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol and 3,4-dimethoxystyrol damaged the plasma membranes, resulting in cell death. 3,4-dimethoxystyrol also could induce expression of chitin synthases genes and altered the cell walls of FOC hyphae. Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate staining indicated the caryophyllene induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in FOC hyphae. FOC secondary metabolism also responded to active VOC challenge by producing less fusaric acid and expressions of genes related to fusaric acid production were interrupted at sublethal concentrations. These findings indicate the potential of S. brachiariae HND5 as a biocontrol agent against FOC and the antifungal VOCs as fumigants.

scholarly journals Plasma Technology Increases the Efficacy of Prothioconazole against Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium proliferatum Contamination of Maize (Zea mays) Seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9301
Author(s):  
Mario Masiello ◽  
Stefania Somma ◽  
Chiara Lo Porto ◽  
Fabio Palumbo ◽  
Pietro Favia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Proliferatum ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Plasma Technology ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Material Surfaces ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Combined Use

The contamination of maize by Fusarium species able to produce mycotoxins raises great concern worldwide since they can accumulate these toxic metabolites in field crop products. Furthermore, little information exists today on the ability of Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium graminearum, two well know mycotoxigenic species, to translocate from the seeds to the plants up to the kernels. Marketing seeds coated with fungicide molecules is a common practice; however, since there is a growing need for reducing chemicals in agriculture, new eco-friendly strategies are increasingly tested. Technologies based on ionized gases, known as plasmas, have been used for decades, with newer material surfaces, products, and approaches developed continuously. In this research, we tested a plasma-generated bilayer coating for encapsulating prothioconazole at the surface of maize seeds, to protect them from F. graminearum and F. proliferatum infection. A minimum amount of chemical was used, in direct contact with the seeds, with no dispersion in the soil. The ability of F. graminearum and F. proliferatum species to translocate from seeds to seedlings of maize has been clearly proven in our in vitro experiments. As for the use of plasma technology, the combined use of the plasma-generated coating with embedded prothioconazole was the most efficient approach, with a higher reduction of the infection of the maize seminal root system and stems. The debated capability of the two Fusarium species to translocate from seeds to seedlings has been demonstrated. The plasma-generated coating with embedded prothioconazole resulted in a promising sustainable approach for the protection of maize seedlings.

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