The Abc of Social Desires: Affiliation, Being Alone, and Closeness to Partner

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birk Hagemeyer ◽  
Franz J. Neyer ◽  
Wiebke Neberich ◽  
Jens B. Asendorpf
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Longitudinal Sample ◽  
Internet Sample ◽  
The Individual

We propose a triadic model of social desires directed at appetence/aversion of affiliation with friends (A), being alone (B), and closeness to one's partner (C) that account for individual differences in subjectively experienced needs for proximity and distance in serious couple relationships. The model assumes that A, B, and C can be conceptualized at the individual level as correlated latent factors measured by appetence and aversion indicators with opposite factor loadings and low shared method variance and at the couple level assuming the same measurement model and identical (co)variances for men and women. The model was confirmed with confirmatory factor analyses in a sex–balanced internet sample of 476 individuals and a longitudinal sample of both partners of 578 heterosexual couples by assessing the ABC desires with brief appetence/aversion scales. In both samples, the desires showed expected unique associations with the Big Five personality traits, loneliness and relationship satisfaction, perceived available support by friends and partner, and attachment style toward the partner and high 1–year stability in the longitudinal sample. We suggest that the ABC model helps to integrate research on couples’ distance regulation along the lines of communal and agentic motivation. Copyright © 2012 European Association of Personality Psychology

Personality change and environmental concerns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher James Hopwood ◽  
Ted Schwaba ◽  
Wiebke Bleidorn
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
German Population ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Sustainable Behavior ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

Personal concerns about climate change and the environment are a powerful motivator of sustainable behavior. People’s level of concern varies as a function of a variety of social and individual factors. Using data from 58,748 participants from a nationally representative German sample, we tested preregistered hypotheses about factors that impact concerns about the environment over time. We found that environmental concerns increased modestly from 2009-2017 in the German population. However, individuals in middle adulthood tended to be more concerned and showed more consistent increases in concern over time than younger or older people. Consistent with previous research, Big Five personality traits were correlated with environmental concerns. We present novel evidence that increases in concern were related to increases in the personality traits neuroticism and openness to experience. Indeed, changes in openness explained roughly 50% of the variance in changes in environmental concerns. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the individual level factors associated with changes in environmental concerns over time, towards the promotion of more sustainable behavior at the individual level.

scholarly journals The measurement of populist attitudes: Testing cross-national scales using item response theory

Politics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M Van Hauwaert ◽  
Christian H Schimpf ◽  
Flavio Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
National Measurement ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cross National

Recent research in the populism literature has devoted considerable efforts to the conceptualisation and examination of populism on the individual level, that is, populist attitudes. Despite rapid progress in the field, questions of adequate measurement and empirical evaluation of measures of populist attitudes remain scarce. Seeking to remedy these shortcomings, we apply a cross-national measurement model, using item response theory, to six established and two new populist indicators. Drawing on a cross-national survey (nine European countries, n = 18,368), we engage in a four-folded analysis. First, we examine the commonly used 6-item populism scale. Second, we expand the measurement with two novel items. Third, we use the improved 8-item populism scale to further refine equally comprehensive but more concise and parsimonious populist measurements. Finally, we externally validate these sub-scales and find that some of the proposed sub-scales outperform the initial 6- and 8-item scales. We conclude that existing measures of populism capture moderate populist attitudes, but face difficulties measuring more extreme levels, while the individual information of some of the populist items remains limited. Altogether, this provides several interesting routes for future research, both within and between countries.

A dyadic approach to understanding safer sex behavior in intimate heterosexual relationships

2019 ◽  
pp. 135910531987395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey Isaacs ◽  
Shayna Skakoon-Sparling ◽  
Taylor Kohut ◽  
William A Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Safer Sex ◽  
Sex Behavior ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Heterosexual Relationships ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Condom Use Intentions ◽  
The Individual

This study applied a dyadic approach to condom-use research. Partners from 124 heterosexual couples independently completed a questionnaire assessing condom-related attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intentions to use condoms. Results demonstrate the superiority of a dyadic approach to understanding couples’ condom-use intentions and behavior over traditional, individual-level approaches. The addition of partner effects to the model, via the actor–partner interdependence model, resulted in an increase in the variance accounted for in condom-use intentions and this dyadic model showed better fit compared to the individual-level model. The results suggest that consideration of relationship partners plays an important role in the prediction of safer sex intentions.

The role of group personality composition in the emergence of task and relationship conflict within groups

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc H Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Task Conflict ◽  
Relationship Conflict ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Of Analysis

AbstractConflict is a ubiquitous feature of groups in organizations that clearly affects group performance. While prior research has investigated the role of personality on conflict resolution styles at the individual level, little work has examined the role of personality on the emergence of conflict. This may be partially due to the fact that the emergence of conflict is inherently a group-level phenomenon, and thus requires the aggregation of personality to the group (or at least dyadic) level of analysis. I propose that each of the Big Five personality traits (or specific facets), at the group level, affect the emergence of either task conflict, relationship conflict, or both. Developing our understanding of how group personality composition affects both of these types of conflict is necessary to better enable groups to manage conflict, and thereby lessen potentially harmful outcomes resulting from conflict.

The role of group personality composition in the emergence of task and relationship conflict within groups

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc H Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Task Conflict ◽  
Relationship Conflict ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Of Analysis

AbstractConflict is a ubiquitous feature of groups in organizations that clearly affects group performance. While prior research has investigated the role of personality on conflict resolution styles at the individual level, little work has examined the role of personality on the emergence of conflict. This may be partially due to the fact that the emergence of conflict is inherently a group-level phenomenon, and thus requires the aggregation of personality to the group (or at least dyadic) level of analysis. I propose that each of the Big Five personality traits (or specific facets), at the group level, affect the emergence of either task conflict, relationship conflict, or both. Developing our understanding of how group personality composition affects both of these types of conflict is necessary to better enable groups to manage conflict, and thereby lessen potentially harmful outcomes resulting from conflict.

scholarly journals Status, Networks, and Opinion Change: An Experimental Investigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Dippong ◽  
Will Kalkhoff ◽  
Eugene C. Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Status Characteristics Theory ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Opinion Change ◽  
Status Characteristics ◽  
Interaction Experiment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Task Oriented

This study evaluates two prominent sociological theories of interpersonal influence: status characteristics theory and social influence network theory. In application to status settings, we test social influence network theory and its established measurement model as well as a recent “modular integration” that operationalizes social influence network theory’s central constructs by incorporating assumptions from status characteristics theory. The two formulations are systematically examined within an open interaction experiment where groups of two, three, and four participants discussed their initial opinions and formed final opinions on two separate issues. Participants were randomly assigned to status positions, which status characteristics theory emphasizes as normative foundations of influence in small task-oriented groups. Analyses of group-level and individual-level opinion change support social influence network theory as it has been used in the past and suggest that status characteristics theory shows promise in modeling the influence networks that drive opinion change at the individual level.

scholarly journals Cultural Influences on Environmental Consciousness and Green Environmental Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Bashar S. Gammoh ◽  
Sam C. Okoroafo ◽  
Anthony C. Koh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Environmental Consciousness ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Individual

This paper focuses on investigating the relationship between culture and green attitudes and environmental behavior across two countries representing societies with different cultural norms. The paper presents a theoretical model suggesting that individual level cultural differences influence consumer’s environmental consciousness which then influence their green consumerism and active ecological Behaviors’. Data was collected using survey research from two countries representing societies with different cultural norms—the United States and India. SmartPLS was used to assess the quality of the measurement model and test the proposed research hypotheses. Although the United States is a society that is generally driven by individualism and mastery orientation, study results indicate that at the individual level people attitudes and behaviors might be influenced by different orientations depending on the consumption situation. Overall, study findings highlight the value in understanding the influence of cultural factors at the individual level and not just at the country level.

scholarly journals Bayes Factors show evidence against systematic relationships between the anchoring effect and the Big Five personality traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Schindler ◽  
Jan Querengässer ◽  
Maximilian Bruchmann ◽  
Nele Johanna Bögemann ◽  
Robert Moeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Anchoring Effect ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Anchoring Effects ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Systematic Relationships ◽  
The Individual

AbstractExamining personality traits as predictors of human behaviour is of high interest. There are several but inconclusive reported relationships of personality and the susceptibility to the “anchoring effect”, a tendency to adjust estimates towards a given anchor. To provide an answer to variably reported links between personality traits and the anchoring effect, we collected data from 1000 participants in the lab and validated typical anchoring effects and representative personality scores of the sample. Using Bayesian statistical data analyses, we found evidence for the absence of a relationship between anchoring effects and personality scores. We, therefore, conclude that there are no specific personality traits that relate to a higher susceptibility to the anchoring effect. The lack of a relationship between personality and the susceptibility to the anchoring effect might be due to the specific anchoring design, be limited to specific cognitive domains, or the susceptibility to anchors might reflect no reliable individual cognitive phenomena. In the next step, studies should examine the reliability of anchoring effects on the individual level, and testing relationships of individual traits and anchoring effects for other types of anchors, anchoring designs, or cognitive domains.

Pitfalls and Challenges in Constructing Short Forms of Cognitive Ability Measures

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schipolowski ◽  
Ulrich Schroeders ◽  
Oliver Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Measurement Precision ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Crystallized Intelligence ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Short Forms ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Individual

Especially in survey research and large-scale assessment there is a growing interest in short scales for the cost-efficient measurement of psychological constructs. However, only relatively few standardized short forms are available for the measurement of cognitive abilities. In this article we point out pitfalls and challenges typically encountered in the construction of cognitive short forms. First we discuss item selection strategies, the analysis of binary response data, the problem of floor and ceiling effects, and issues related to measurement precision and validity. We subsequently illustrate these challenges and how to deal with them based on an empirical example, the development of short forms for the measurement of crystallized intelligence. Scale shortening had only small effects on associations with covariates. Even for an ultra-short six-item scale, a unidimensional measurement model showed excellent fit and yielded acceptable reliability. However, measurement precision on the individual level was very low and the short forms were more likely to produce skewed score distributions in ability-restricted subpopulations. We conclude that short scales may serve as proxies for cognitive abilities in typical research settings, but their use for decisions on the individual level should be discouraged in most cases.

Your Personality does not Care Whether you Believe it Can Change: Beliefs about Whether Personality can Change do not Predict Trait Change among Emerging Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. per.2289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan W. Hudson ◽  
R. Chris Fraley ◽  
Daniel A. Briley ◽  
William J. Chopik
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Intensive Longitudinal Data ◽  
Actual Change ◽  
Change Beliefs ◽  
The Individual

Theorists have suggested that beliefs about whether personality can change might operate in a self–fulfilling fashion, leading to growth in personality traits across time. In the present two studies, we collected intensive longitudinal data from a total of 1339 emerging adults ( ns = 254 and 1085) and examined the extent to which both global beliefs that personality can change (e.g. ‘You can change even your most basic qualities’) and granular beliefs that the individual Big Five personality domains can change (e.g. ‘You can change how extraverted and enthusiastic you generally are’) predicted trait change across approximately 4 months. Results indicated that traits did change across time, yet beliefs that personality can change were almost completely unrelated to actual change in personality traits. Our findings suggest that personality development during emerging adulthood does not depend to any meaningful degree on whether or not individuals believe that their traits can change. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology

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